{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1786379432102,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glob Health Sci Pract"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"DOI":"10.9745\/ghsp-d-24-00353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:55:11Z","timestamp":1781625311000},"page":"e2400353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A User-Centered Approach to Achieving High Degree of Digital Health Technology Utilization for Community HIV Case Management and Data Collection in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.9745","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Legese A.","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getaneh","family":"Likasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temesgan","family":"Sintayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leul","family":"Mekonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asayehegn","family":"Tekeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endris","family":"Seid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wondwossen","family":"Asefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afework","family":"Negash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiy","family":"Shewarega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesfin","family":"Tilaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizachew","family":"Eyassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kidist","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Nur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Liddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Mookherji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawit A.","family":"Tsegaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4690","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Everybody\u2019s business: strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes: WHO\u2019s framework for action. Geneva: WHO; 2007. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/43918"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025. Geneva: WHO Organization; 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240020924"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU). 2020. Digital health platform handbook: building a digital information infrastructure (infostructure) for health. Geneva: WHO and ITU; 2020. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/4843e6f7-85a4-4a91-a8ba-64da6bf44b9d\/content"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.4","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. Digital Health Blueprint. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Health of Ethiopia; 2021. https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/countryplanningcycles\/sites\/default\/files\/public_file_rep\/ETH_Ethiopia_Digital-Health-Blueprint_2021.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.5","unstructured":"Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. Information Revolution Roadmap. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health; 2016. https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/546230267\/Information-Revolution-Roadmap-final-April-2016-1"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.6","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration. What is Digital Health? Content current as of 09\/22\/2020. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/digital-health-center-excellence\/what-digital-health"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.7","unstructured":"Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. Digital Health: A Call for Government Leadership and Cooperation between ICT and Health. Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development; 2017. https:\/\/broadbandcommission.org\/publication\/digital-health\/"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-21-00689"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.9","unstructured":"Ethio telecom [website]. Accessed June 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.ethiotelecom.et\/"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.10","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Measuring digital development - Facts and figures: focus on least developed countries. Geneva: ITU; 2023. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/hub\/publication\/d-ind-ict_mdd-2023\/"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.11","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. e-CHIS. Accessed June 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.et\/projects-3-col\/echis"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.12","unstructured":"Med In Ethiopia. Digital Health Apps in Ethiopia. Accessed June 15, 2023. https:\/\/medinethiopia.com\/2023\/02\/23\/digital-health-applications-in-ethiopia\/"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212171"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2022.936752"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102432"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00734-2"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601711010119"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.18","unstructured":"Kiplagat A , Kako P , Hawkins M , et al . Mobile health interventions to enhance self-management of HIV and non-communicable disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review. Online J Nursing Informatics. 2023;26(3)."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003950"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001021"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.113451"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.22","unstructured":"Innovations in Healthcare. CarePay Ltd. March 13, 2019. https:\/\/www.innovationsinhealthcare.org\/CarePay_InnovatorProfile.pdf.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2022.987828"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.24","unstructured":"JSI and USAID. Annual Report: Digital Health Activity, 2023, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Accessed June 12, 2023. https:\/\/dha.jsi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/DHA-Annual-Report-NS.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065772"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231185434"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10995"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077563"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.29","unstructured":"Sepideh Yazdi. 5 user-centered design (UCD) principles you need to know. December 24, 2022. https:\/\/medium.com\/@sepidy\/5-user-centered-design-ucd-principles-you-need-to-know-f5508c7b8faf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjhci-2022-100641"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Strengthening the performance of community health workers. Geneva: WHO;1989. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/e76abf20-aefe-4462-a325-274cdbb47684\/content"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.32","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Ethiopia. HIV National Strategic Plan 2023\/24\u20132026\/27. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Health Ethiopia; 2023. https:\/\/hivpreventioncoalition.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/ethiopia-hivaids-national-strategic-plan-202324-202627"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.33","unstructured":"Dimagi, Inc. CommCare: The digital platform for impactful frontline work everywhere. Accessed June 15, 2023. https:\/\/www.dimagi.com\/commcare\/."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTD.2007.4937419]"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2017.8095603]"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.01.004"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.37","unstructured":"Twilio Inc. SMS \u2013 Deliver at scale with proven APIs for SMS. Accessed February 12, 2024. https:\/\/www.twilio.com\/en-us\/messaging\/channels\/sms."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.38","unstructured":"USAID; PEPFAR; 4 Children. Standard Operating Procedures for Case Management. Catholic Relief Services; 2019. https:\/\/www.crs.org\/our-work\/research-publications\/standard-operating-procedures-case-management"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.39","unstructured":"Ross S , Curry N , Goodwin N . Case management: what it is and how it can best be implemented. The King\u2019s Fund; 2011. Accessed June 13, 2013. https:\/\/assets.kingsfund.org.uk\/f\/256914\/x\/9374b758f1\/case_management_2011.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.40","unstructured":"U.S. Department of State; U.S. Global Health Security and Diplomacy (GHSD). Data for Accountability, Transparency and Impact Monitoring (DATIM): MER Data Import Reference Guide Version 2.1, April 2025. https:\/\/help.datim.org\/hc\/en-us\/article_attachments\/43944060253588"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.41","unstructured":"Microsoft. Power BI Fundamentals. Accessed June 23, 2023. https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/power-bi\/fundamentals\/power-bi-overview"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.42","unstructured":"U.S. Department of State; U.S. Global Health Security and Diplomacy (GHSD). Data for Accountability, Transparency and Impact Monitoring (DATIM): Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting Indicator Reference Guides. https:\/\/help.datim.org\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360000084446-MER-Indicator-Reference-Guides"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.43","unstructured":"Microsoft. Microsoft Excel. Accessed June 3, 2023. https:\/\/office.microsoft.com\/excel."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.44","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. College Station, TX: StataCorp; 2023."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.45","unstructured":"Mekuria LA , Seid E , Tekeste A , et al . Interruption in treatment and tracing outcomes among children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Poster presented at ICASA International Conference; December 4-9, 2023; Harare, Zimbabwe. https:\/\/www.projecthope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Legese_ETH_ICASA-2023_ITT-outcomes-for-ART_eposter-THPEB006.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.46","unstructured":"Minda AT , Ibrahim ES , Mekuria LA , et al . Index case contact testing to improve HIV case identification in the community settings of Ethiopia. Poster presented at the International AIDS Conference (IAS) 2023; July 23\u201326, 2023; Melbourne, Australia. https:\/\/www.projecthope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/e-poster_IAS_2023_Ambachew.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135361"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006032"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02385-z"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.50","unstructured":"Health Extension and Education Center, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia. Health Extension Program in Ethiopia: Profile. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Health Extension and Education Center; 2007. https:\/\/www.hcwpolicylab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Ethiopia_Health-Extension-Program_2007.pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12525"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.52","unstructured":"National ID Program. Fayda for Ethiopia. Accessed February 25, 2024. https:\/\/id.gov.et\/."},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-13-2"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050356"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.55","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Consolidated Guidelines on Person-Centered HIV Patient Monitoring and Case Surveillance. Geneva: WHO; 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978-92-4-151263-3"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.56","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 October 2023: Political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage. October 16, 2023. https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/4025279?v=pdf"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.57","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Declaration of Astana. Global Conference on Primary Health Care: Astana, Kazakhstan, 25 and 26 October 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HIS-SDS-2018.61"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2017.0016"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065772"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.876957"},{"key":"2026081009001320000_14.1.e2400353.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-24-00145"}],"container-title":["Global Health: Science and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.9745\/GHSP-D-24-00353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1786377645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ghspjournal.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.9745\/GHSP-D-24-00353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.9745\/GHSP-D-24-00353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9745\/ghsp-d-24-00353","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-575X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-575X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]}}}