{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1790634674708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"CMA Impact Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["cmajo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T12:26:23Z","timestamp":1655209583000},"page":"E539-E545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lived experiences of Asian Canadians encountering discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study"],"prefix":"10.9778","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jeanna Parsons","family":"Leigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephana Julia","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faizah","family":"Tiifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"FitzGerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Brundin-Mathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dodds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanpreet","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe Moira","family":"de Grood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Stelfox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten M.","family":"Fiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Ng-Kamstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"382","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.04.013","article-title":"COVID-19-related prejudice toward Asian medical students: a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 fears in Poland","volume":"13","author":"Rzymski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01440-0","article-title":"Unexpected public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey examining anti-Asian attitudes in the USA","volume":"65","author":"Dhanani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6057","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176057","article-title":"Predicting psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic by machine learning: discrimination and coping mechanisms of Korean immigrants in the U.S","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-020-09545-1","article-title":"Anti-Asian hate crime during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the reproduction of inequality","volume":"45","author":"Gover","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Crim Justice"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.06.007","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and mental distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Understanding America Study","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2020.00039"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958218821961"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11559-1","article-title":"Experiences of COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination and affective reactions in a multiple race sample of U.S. young adults","volume":"21","author":"Hahm","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000275","article-title":"Asians and Asian Americans\u2019 experiences of racial discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on health outcomes and the buffering role of social support","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000130"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305858","article-title":"Potential impact of COVID-19-related racial discrimination on the health of Asian Americans","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E213","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818320000405","article-title":"The politics of pandemic othering: putting COVID-19 in global and historical context","volume":"74","author":"Dionne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Organ"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120957949","article-title":"After \u201cthe China virus\u201d went viral: racially charged coronavirus coverage and trends in bias against Asian Americans","volume":"47","author":"Darling-Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.637576"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(96)80029-X"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jetten J Reicher SD Haslam SA (2020) Together apart: the psychology of COVID-19 (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (CA)).","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529751680"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.533629"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180802671985"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702621993857","article-title":"Increase in suicidal thinking during COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Fortgang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1937586715592632"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X13000349","article-title":"Intersectionality: mapping the movements of a theory","volume":"10","author":"Carbado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Du Bois Rev"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atewologun D (2018) Intersectionality theory and practice (Oxford University Press, Oxford (UK)).","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190224851.013.48"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748","article-title":"A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data","volume":"27","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Eval"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159x.2020.1755030"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241259","article-title":"A national cross-sectional survey of public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic: self-reported beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors","volume":"15","author":"Parsons Leigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2020.1851739","article-title":"Anti-Asian discrimination and the Asian-white mental health gap during COVID-19","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethn Racial Stud"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872820970610","article-title":"Stand against anti-Asian racial discrimination during COVID-19: a call for action","volume":"64","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Soc Work"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.31","unstructured":"(2020) Demographic yearbook: 71st issue (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York)."},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599902100603"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02732173.2012.664042"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou NM Noels KA Kurl S (2021) Can Psychol, Chinese Canadians\u2019 experiences of the dual pandemics of COVID-19 and racism: implications for identity, negative emotion, and anti-racism incident reporting. [advance online publication]. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cap0000305 .","DOI":"10.1037\/cap0000305"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.4.624"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012978"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20210090"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000242"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acdb.2019.04.002","article-title":"Adolescent profiles of ethnicity\/race and socioeconomic status: implications for sleep and the role of discrimination and ethnic\/racial identity","volume":"57","author":"Cheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Child Dev Behav"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxp009"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0394","article-title":"Discrimination and well-being among Asians\/Asian Americans during COVID-19: the role of social media","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12056"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.45","first-page":"233","article-title":"Dasgupta Implicit attitudes and beliefs adapt to situations: a decade of research on the malleability of implicit prejudice, stereotypes, and the self-concept","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","volume":"47","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He B Ziems C Soni S (2020) Racism is a virus: anti-Asian hate and counter-speech in social media during the COVID-19 crisis (Cornell University, Ithaca (NY)) [COVID-19 e-print]. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2005.12423 .","DOI":"10.1145\/3487351.3488324"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181038","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/181038","article-title":"Information dissemination of public health emergency on social networks and intelligent computation","volume":"2015","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"2022061405250871000_10.2.E539.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033608","article-title":"Media effects: theory and research","volume":"67","author":"Valkenburg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"}],"container-title":["CMAJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.9778\/cmajo.20220019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T22:34:43Z","timestamp":1727390083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/cmajopen.ca\/lookup\/doi\/10.9778\/cmajo.20220019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.9778\/cmajo.20220019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9778\/cmajo.20220019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2291-0026"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2291-0026","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}