{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T15:47:09Z","timestamp":1768146429964,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Koozakar LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and competencies to remain relevant and innovative. It is one of the essential determinants of efficiency and effectiveness of the individual and industrial economy at large. The focus of this paper is to examine the learning processes in an informal sector, specifically in selected bakeries in Southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire administration on owners\/master bakers of 200 Bakeries. The result revealed that the predominant form of learning in the area of study is by apprenticeship which is mainly done through the transmission of tacit knowledge. Training was mostly conducted via oral instruction in Yoruba and English language. Learning outside the firm, consulting texts on baking and documentation of learning experiences by apprentices was found to occur occasionally. Level of education of apprentices was found to be related to how quickly knowledge is gained. The paper concluded that the sector may not develop at the expected pace unless more dynamic learning techniques are employed. The paper recommended industrial policy that will stimulate modern learning techniques in the sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.69798\/16089504","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1729546785000},"page":"197-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Examination of Learning Processes in Selected Bakeries in  Southwestern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.69798","author":[{"name":"African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Efunwole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Adejuwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Akarakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"50185","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"event":{"name":"2019 African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation International Biennial Conference","acronym":"AISPI 2019"},"container-title":["Conference Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T13:04:28Z","timestamp":1768136668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/koozakar.com\/journals\/article\/KJ-25891857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69798\/16089504","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]}}}