{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:58:48Z","timestamp":1781089128480,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Koozakar LLC","issue":"1&2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AJSPIM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Open Defecation (OD) continues to be a major public health problem and obstacle for development in North-Central Nigeria due to various economic, infrastructural, and behavioural factors. A shift from simple toilet construction towards integrated approaches combining infrastructure, behavioral change, and market-based models have been suggested in the literature. In this study, spatial distribution, technological nature, user perceptions and techno-economic analysis of various anti-open defecation technologies in Nasarawa State, Niger State, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) were explored. Results showed that public toilets have varying spatial distributions, clustering at urban centers while sparsely or unevenly dispersed across rural areas. Water closets which were the most preferred accounted for 33.78% of public toilets in the study area, while mobile latrines and pour-flush toilets accounted for 29.73%, and 16.22% respectively. No compost toilets were found in the study area. An optimized public toilet was shown to be financially viable via techno-economic analysis, showing a positive NPV of \u20a63.57 million and payback period of six years. Data on user perception revealed high latent demand (91.3%) and open defecation practice (71.3%) among users, due to hygiene problems, safety issues, and social taboos associated with it. This shows that a high willingness to change exists with continuation of OD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.69798\/26609623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:02:32Z","timestamp":1781085752000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Techno-Economic Assessment of Appropriate Sustainable Open Defecation Mitigation Systems in North-Central Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.69798","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3564-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aderonke","family":"Ademola-Ajibade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibikunle","family":"Ogundari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakeem","family":"Bakare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"50185","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"container-title":["African Journal of Science Policy and Innovation Management"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T10:02:32Z","timestamp":1781085752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/koozakar.com\/journals\/article\/KJ-97180665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1&2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69798\/26609623","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}}}