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Therefore, ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"45616"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:47:45Z","timestamp":1754156865095,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["COMPEL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to extract an analytical model for five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier machines (FTPMVMs) based on the analytical solution of Maxwell\u2019s equations, which has some advantages than the finite element model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>FTPMVMs enhance the torque density by combining the vernier characteristics and the fault-tolerant feature. The principle operation of FTPMVMs is discussed based on the magnetic field modulation due to both permanent magnets and armature current. The analytical solution of the magnetic vector potential in each sub-region is obtained based on the sub-domain technique.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>According to the calculated magnetic vector potential, the magnetic flux density, torque, self- and mutual inductance and back-electromotive force are calculated. The FEM is used to validate the results obtained from the proposed analytic model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two-dimensional analytical method is used to obtain the electromagnetic model of FTPMVMs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/compel-07-2021-0263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T02:25:19Z","timestamp":1649211919000},"page":"1788-1810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Two-dimensional analytical model for five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet vernier 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The emphasis is on Kashan city as symbol of the Karizian civilization in central of Iran, which is now facing problems in both quality and quantity of water. Carried out as a library and documentary research, we reviewed the status of Kashan's and Iran's water resources, and identified four major reasons for the present water crisis on a local and national wide scale: (a) lack of land use spatial planning; (b) mismanagement, thirst for development, and self\u2010sufficiency: (c) political decisions on water allocation; and (d) lack of proper water pricing and inability of farmers to optimize irrigation systems. As a consequence, the country is challenged with severe water problems at both local and nation\u2010wide scale, including increasing water demand and scarcity, decreasing groundwater table, deteriorating water quality, and increasing loss of ecosystems. If integrated water resources management plan is not immediately implemented to solve this problem, it is possible that the condition will be more disastrous in the coming years. The study proposes some actions that should be immediately applied to protect water resources and avoid tragic conditions in a country with a brilliant and long history in water resources management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wwp2.12023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T22:18:07Z","timestamp":1589494687000},"page":"89-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The water crisis in Iran: Development or destruction?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mirzavand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kashan Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Groundwater contamination by heavy metals in water resources of Shiraz area","volume":"30","author":"Amin S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611\u2010199905000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Center of Landuse Planning. (1977).Study the long\u2010term strategy of land use planing in Iran.1\u2013168."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The role of climate and land use change in Lake Urmia desiccation","author":"Fazel Modares N.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.09.025"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Identification of groundwater contamination sources of Lakan lead and zinc mine, Khomain, Iran","volume":"3","author":"Ghadimi F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Mining & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064\u2010016\u20100885\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg032"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"The evolution of the land use spatial planning programmes in pre and post\u2010revolution of Iran","volume":"1","author":"Latifi G. 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(2001).National primary drinking water regulations: Arsenic and clarifications to compliance and new source contaminants monitoring. Serie 40.6975\u20137066."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Iron in drinking\u2010water. 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Forty groundwater and 26 Kashan Playa Lake (KPL) water samples collected and analyzed for their geochemical compositions. The evolution of hydrochemical facies in Kashan Plain Aquifer (KPA) to KPL is Ca-HCO<jats:sub>3 <\/jats:sub>(19%), Mix Ca-Cl (9%), Ca-Cl (17%), and Mix Na-Cl and Na-Cl (55%). Also, the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D) proposed cation exchange as the main process of salinization in KPA. Based on the binary hydrogeochemical diagrams of (Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/ Cl<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>)\/Cl<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>, (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>+Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>)\/HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>+SO4<jats:sup>2-<\/jats:sup>, and Cl\/Br, dissolution of halite and gypsum in the Miocene marlstone in the KPA is the main source of salinity. The isotopic composition \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O in aquifer and playa water samples varies from -10.03 to 7.03\u2030 (VSMOW) with an average of -6.95 \u2030 and -60.73 to 25.08 \u2030 with average of -45.82 \u2030 for \u03b4<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H. Based on the result, the relation between \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O and \u03b4<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H, and \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O and Br, approve discharge of saline water from KPA to KPL. Likewise, the isotopic composition of \u03b4<jats:sup>34<\/jats:sup>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, varies from 5.95 to 22.55 \u2030 CDT in KPA, and 5.95 to 9.99 \u2030 CDT in KPL. Also, the relation between \u03b4<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>O- \u03b4<jats:sup>34<\/jats:sup>S<jats:sub>SO4 <\/jats:sub>and Cl- \u03b4<jats:sup>34<\/jats:sup>S were non-linear, indicating that sulphur concentration in KPA and KPL changed due to sulphide oxidation and sulphate reduction in the freshwater and deep brines in the aquifer and mixed during the over-pumping in the KPA. Oxidation of sulphide minerals such as galena (PbS), and Chalcopyrite (CuFeS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) may have been the source of sulfur in Dore mine in western part of the aquifer (recharge zone) leached by seasonal runoff. 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