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One such group is the \u201cmarronoid\u201d clade, which contains about 3,400 described species in 9 families. Marronoids run the gamut of life history strategies, with social species, species producing a variety of silk types, and species occurring in a range of extreme environments. Despite recognition of the ecological variability in the group, there remains uncertainty about family- level relationships, leaving diverse ecologies without an evolutionary context. The phylogenies produced to date have relatively low nodal support, there are few defined morphological synapomorphies, and the internal relationships of many families remain unclear. We use 93 exemplars from all marronoid families and ultraconserved element loci captured in silico from a combination of 48 novel low-coverage whole genomes and genomic data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) to produce a 50% occupancy matrix of 1,277 loci from a set of ultraconserved element probes. These loci were used to infer a phylogeny of the marronoid clade and to evaluate the familial relationships within the clade, and were combined with single-locus (Sanger) legacy data to further increase taxonomic sampling. Our results indicate a clearly defined and well-supported marronoid clade and provide evidence for both monophyly and paraphyly within the currently defined families of the clade. We propose taxonomic changes in accordance with the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, including elevating Cicurinidae (restored status) and Macrobunidae (new rank).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/isd\/ixad021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T16:39:37Z","timestamp":1694536777000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Webs of intrigue: museum genomics elucidate relationships of the marronoid spider clade (Araneae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob A","family":"Gorneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C","family":"Crews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8219-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine O","family":"Montana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C","family":"Spagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, William Paterson University , Wayne, NJ 07470 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-2519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ballarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192-0397 Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Museo di Storia Naturale of Verona , Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 9, I-37129 Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M","family":"Almeida-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Calliope International Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Cultural , Americana, S\u00e3o Paulo 13471-600 ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences , San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102700383415300_CIT0001","article-title":"Cladistic analysis of Macrobunidae Petrunkevitch, 1928 new rank and revision of Macrobuninae (Araneae) [doctoral dissertation]","author":"Almeida-Silva","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024102700383415300_CIT0002","first-page":"387","article-title":"Revision of Emmenomma Simon (Amaurobiidae, 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Zool."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.2019.1672760","article-title":"A preliminary molecular phylogeny for New Zealand sheet-web spiders (Cambridgea) and comparison of web-building behaviour","volume":"47","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Zeal. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12182","article-title":"The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target\u2010gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling","volume":"33","author":"Wheeler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cladistics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.06.038","article-title":"Next-generation museum genomics: Phylogenetic relationships among palpimanoid spiders using sequence capture techniques (Araneae: Palpimanoidea)","volume":"127","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, R.B., Wang, L.Y., Zhang, Z.S., 2020. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Desis martensi (Araneae: Desidae). Mitochondr. DNA P. B. 5, 3799-3800.","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2020.1839368"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12523","article-title":"A novel probe set for the phylogenomics and evolution of RTA spiders","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cladistics."}],"container-title":["Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055790324002483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055790324002483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T20:29:51Z","timestamp":1749500991000},"score":33.6845,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1055790324002483"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S1055790324002483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256","ISSN":["1055-7903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-7903","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mystery on the Bounty: The family-level status of Pacificana cockayni Hogg, 1904 (Araneae)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108256","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108256"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:44:19Z","timestamp":1747194259511,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four new species of Peckhamia Simon, 1900 (P. wesolowskae sp. nov. and P. surcaribensis sp. nov. from Cuba, P. espositoae sp. nov. from Jamaica and P. areito sp. nov. from the Dominican Republic) from the Greater Antilles are described. Additionally, Sarinda glabra Franganillo, 1930, Descanso montanus Bryant, 1943, D. formosus Bryant, 1943 and D. magnus Bryant, 1943 are transferred to Peckhamia and provide new combinations, P. glabra comb. nov., P. montana comb. nov., P. formosa comb. nov. and P. magna comb. nov.. Peckhamia glabra is stated as a nomen dubium. Diagnostic illustrations and a distribution map are provided for the new species.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4899.1.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T22:53:34Z","timestamp":1609282414000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New species of Peckhamia Simon, 1900 (Salticidae: Dendryphantini: Synagelina) from the Greater Antilles"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4899","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5683-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"FRANKLYN","family":"CALA-RIQUELME","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ABEL A.","family":"BUSTAMANTE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SARAH C.","family":"CREWS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"BRUCE","family":"CUTLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"<p class=\"Reference\">\u00c1lvarez-Padilla, F. &amp; Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>, 35 (3), 538\u2013542.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/Sh06-55.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/Sh06-55.1<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Bryant, E.B. (1943) The salticid spiders of Hispaniola. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology<\/em>, 92, 445\u2013529.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Chickering, A.M. (1946) The Salticidae of Panama. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology<\/em>, 97, 1\u2013474.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Cushing, P.E. (1997). Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily in spiders: a review. <em>Florida Entomologist<\/em>, 80 (2), 165\u2013193.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3495552\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3495552<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Cushing, P.E. (2012) Spider-Ant Associations: An Updated Review of Myrmecomorphy, Myrmecophily, and Myrmecophagy in Spiders. <em>Psyche<\/em>, 2012, 151989.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/151989\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/151989<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Cutler, B. (1988) A revision of the American species of the antlike jumping spider genus <em>Synageles<\/em> (Araneae, Salticidae). <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>, 15, 321\u2013348.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Edwards, G.B. (1999) The genus <em>Attidops<\/em> (Araneae, Salticidae). <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>, 27, 7\u201315.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Franganillo, B.P. (1930) Ar\u00e1cnidos de Cuba: Mas ar\u00e1cnidos nuevos de la Isla de Cuba. <em>Memorias del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas<\/em>, 1, 47\u201399.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Galiano, M.E. (1965) Salticidae (Araneae) formiciformes IV. Revisi\u00f3n del g\u00e9nero <em>Sarinda<\/em> Peckham, 1892. <em>Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia<\/em>, Entomolog\u00eda, 1, 267\u2013312.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Galiano, M.E. (1986) Salticidae (Araneae) formiciformes. XVI. Especies nuevas o poco conocidas de Simprulla, Fluda, Descanso y Peckhamia. <em>Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales<\/em>, Secc. C, 44, 129\u2013139.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) <em>International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th Edition<\/em>. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Kraus, O. (1955) Spinnen aus El Salvador (Arachnoidea, Araneae). <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft<\/em>, 493, 1\u2013112.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Makhan, D. (2006) <em>Peckhamia soesilae<\/em> sp. nov. and <em>Chirotecia soesilae<\/em> sp. nov. from Suriname (Araneae: Salticidae). <em>Calodema<\/em>, 6, 29\u201333.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Maddison, W.P. (1996) <em>Pelegrina<\/em> Franganillo and other jumping spiders formerly placed in the genus <em>Metaphidippus<\/em> (Araneae: Salticidae). <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology<\/em>, 154, 215\u2013368.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Maddison, W.P. (2015) A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). <em>Journal Arachnology<\/em>, 43, 231\u2013292.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/arac-43-03-231-292\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/arac-43-03-231-292<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Murphy, J.A. &amp; Roberts, M.J. (2015). <em>Spider families of the world and their spinnerets<\/em>. <em>Vol2. 1 &amp; 2. <\/em>British Arachnological Society, York, xvi + 553 pp. [pp. i\u2013xii + 1\u2013189 &amp; pp. xiii\u2013xvi + 191\u2013553.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Peckham, G.W. &amp; Peckham, E.G. (1888) Attidae of North America. <em>Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters<\/em>, 7, 1\u2013104.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Peckham, G.W. &amp; Peckham, E.G. (1909) Revision of the Attidae of North America. <em>Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters<\/em>,<em> <\/em>16 (1), 355\u2013655.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Pickard-Cambridge, F.O. (1900) Arachnida\u2014Araneida and Opiliones. <em>In<\/em>: <em>Biologia Centrali-Americana, London<\/em>, Zoology, 2, 89\u2013192.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Pickard-Cambridge, F.O. (1901) Arachnida\u2014Araneida and Opiliones. <em>In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, London<\/em>, Zoology, 2, 193\u2013312.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Platnick, N.I. (1984) On the pseudoscorpion-mimicking spider <em>Cheliferoides<\/em> (Araneae: Salticidae). <em>Journal of the New York Entomological Society<\/em>, 92, 169\u2013173.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Ram\u00edrez, M.J. (2014) The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). <em>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History<\/em>, 390, 1\u2013374.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1206\/821.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1206\/821.1<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Richman, D.B. (2015) On the generic name <em>Peckhamia<\/em> Simon 1900 (Araneae, Salticidae). <em>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature<\/em>, 72 (1), 102\u2013105.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21805\/bzn.v72i1.a6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21805\/bzn.v72i1.a6<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Richman, D.B. &amp; Cutler, B. (1988) A list of the jumping spiders of Mexico. <em>Peckhamia<\/em>, 2, 63\u201388.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Shear, W.A. (1967) Expanding the palpi of male spiders. <em>Brevoria<\/em>, 259, 1\u201327.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Simon, E. (1900) Descriptions d\u2019arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. <em>Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique<\/em>, 44, 381\u2013407.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/wsc.nmbe.ch\">http:\/\/wsc.nmbe.ch<\/a> (accessed 18 May 2020)<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24436\/2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24436\/2<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Zhang, J.X. &amp; Maddison, W.P. (2015) Genera of euophryine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with a combined molecular-morphological phylogeny, <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 3938 (1), 1\u2013147.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3938.1.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3938.1.1<\/a><\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"><strong> <\/strong><\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"> <\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"> <\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"> <\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"> <\/p><p> <\/p>","key":"50241"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4899.1.7\/42333","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4899.1.7\/42333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T03:54:44Z","timestamp":1673582084000},"score":31.546627,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4899.1.7"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4899.1.7","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1175-5334"},{"type":"print","value":"1175-5326"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:36:36Z","timestamp":1787589396534,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-2026623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2026623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mesh-web weaver family Dictynidae s.l. has been labelled a \u2018tailor\u2019s drawer\u2019 family because it contains taxonomically unorganized and often evolutionarily distant species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies using limited taxonomic sampling and legacy target genes involving representatives of the family have been consistent in: (i) exhibiting low branch support values and (ii) the recovery of genera and species currently classified as dictynids outside of Dictynidae. The genera within the family and the relationships among dictynid genera have never been rigorously tested using genomic-scale data. Here, we use exemplar dictynid species from the most currently recognized dictynid genera and ultraconserved elements (UCEs) recovered in silico from low-coverage, whole-genome sequencing plus Sanger data to resolve the phylogenetic placement and relationships of genera within the family Dictynidae s.l. The resulting phylogeny, along with morphological evidence, supports several taxonomic updates to the group: Argyronetidae stat. reinst., Lathyidae fam. n., and Dictynidae s.s. are included in Dictynoidea. Argyronetidae stat. reinst. include the genera Altella, Arctella, Argenna, Argyroneta, Chaerea, Devade, Hackmania, Iviella, Mizaga, Paratheuma, Saltonia, Tricholathys. The family Lathyidae fam. n. is proposed to include the genera Afrolathys gen. n. (Af. madagascariensis sp. n. and Af. tanzanica sp. n.), Analtella stat. reinst. (Analtella affinis comb. n., Analtella dentichelis comb. n., Analtella narbonensis comb. n., Analtella pygmaea comb. n., and Analtella teideensis comb. n.), Andronova gen. n. (Andronova alberta comb. n., Andronova annulata comb. n., Andronova. arabs comb. n., Andronova cambridgei comb. n., Andronova dihamata comb. n., Andronova lehtineni comb. n., Andronova maculosa comb. n., Andronova spasskyi comb. n., Andronova subalberta comb. n., Andronova subviridis comb. n., and Andronova sylvania comb. n.), Asialathys gen. n. (As. deltoidea comb. n., As. fibulata comb. n., As. huangyangjieensis comb. n., As. spiralis comb. n., and As. zhanfengi comb. n.), Bannaella (B. lhasana, B. sexoculata comb. n., B. sinuata, and B. tibialis), Denticulathys gen. n. (D. amaataaidoo sp. n.), Langlibaitiao\u00a0(Langlibaitiao chishuiensis, Langlibaitiao inaffectus, Langlibaitiao insulanus comb. n., and Langlibaitiao zhangshun), Lathys s.s. (Lathys\u00a0bin, Lathys borealis,\u00a0Lathysbrevitibialis, Lathyscoralynae,\u00a0Lathysdixiana,\u00a0Lathysfoxi,\u00a0Lathysheterophthalma,\u00a0Lathyshumilis,\u00a0Lathyshumilis meridionalis,\u00a0Lathyslepida,\u00a0Lathysmantarota, Lathys\u00a0sexpustulata, Lathys\u00a0spiralis, and Lathys subhumilis), Scotolathys s.s. (S. delicatula stat. reinst., S. immaculata stat. reinst., S. maculina stat. reinst., S. pallida stat. reinst., and S. simplex), Tolokonniella gen. n. Tolokonniella ankaraensis comb. n., Tolokonniella mallorcensis comb. n., Tolokonniella maura comb. n., Tolokonniella stigmatisata comb. n., and Tolokonniella truncata comb. n.). Finally, Dictynidae s.s. are strongly supported to include the genera Adenodictyna, Ajmonia (Aj. changtunesis comb. n.) Anaxibia, Arangina, Archaeodictyna (Archaeodictyna aguasverdes comb. n., Archaeodictyna bispinosa comb. n., Archaeodictyna fuerteventurensis comb. n., and Archaeodictyna lanzarotensis comb. n.), Arethyna gen. n. (Arethyna coloradensis comb. n., Arethynaidahoana comb. n., Arethyna osceola comb. n., Arethyna personata comb. n., Arethyna peon comb. n., Arethyna saltona comb. n., Arethyna secuta comb. n., Arethyna sierra comb. n., Arethyna ubsunurica comb. n., Arethyna volucripes comb. n., and Arethyna volucripes volucripoides comb. n.), Argennina, Atelolathys, Banaidja, Brigittea (B. colona comb. n.), Califorenigma gen. n. (C. linsdalei comb. n.), Callevophthalmus, Dictyna (D. abundans, D. alaskae, D. albicoma, D. albovittata, D. alyceae, D. apacheca, D. arundinacea, D. bostoniensis, D. brevitarsus, D. cafayate, D. chandrai, D. cofete, D. columbiana, D. cronebergi, D. crosbyi, D. dauna, D. ectrapela, D. fluminensis, D. guineensis, D. hamifera, D. kosiorowiczi, D. laeviceps, D. linzhiensis, D. livida, D. marilina, D. moctezuma, D. namulinensis, D. navajoa, D. pictella, D. procerula, D. pusilla, D. quadrispinosa, D. ranchograndei, D. saepei, D. similis, D. simoni, D. sinaloa, D. siniloanensis, D. tarda, D. togata, D. tristis, D. trivirgata, D. tullgreni, D. turbida, D. uncinata, D. uvs, D. vittata, D. vultuosa, and D. yongshun), Dictynomorpha, Emblyna (E. acoreensis, E. aiko, E. altamira, E. ampla, E. angulata, E. annulipes, E. ardea, E. artemisia, E. borealis, E. borealis cavernosa, E. branchi, E. brevidens, E. budarini, E. burjatica, E. callida, E. capens, E. cavata comb. n., E. chitina, E. completa, E. completoides, E. consulta, E. cornupeta, E. coweta, E. crocana, E. decaprini, E. evicta, E. florens, E. formicaria, E. hentzi, E. horta, E. hoya, E. joaquina, E. lina, E. linda, E. manitoba, E. marissa, E. melva, E. nanda, E. oasa, E. palomara, E. pinalia, E. piratica, E. peragrata, E. reticulata, E. roscida, E. saylori, E. scotta, E. seminola, E. shasta, E. shoshonea, E. stulta, E. sublatoides, E. suwanea, and E. zaba), Eriena gen. n. (Er. minuta comb. n. and Er. mora comb. n.), Helenactyna, Khalotyna gen. n. (K. calcarata comb. n.), Kharitonovia, Mallos, Marilynia, Mashimo, Mexitlia, Myanmardictyna, Nigma, Nopalityna gen. n. (N. francisca comb. n., N. jonesae comb. n., N. orbiculata comb. n., N. sublata comb. n., N. suprenans comb. n., and N. uintana comb. n.), Pangunus gen. n. (Pa. kaszabi comb. n., Pa. umai comb. n., and Pa. xizangensis comb. n.), Paradictyna, Penangodyna, Phantyna, (Ph. agressa comb. n. and Ph. formidolosa comb. n.), Purplecorna gen. n. (Pu. gloria comb. n., Pu. guerrerensis comb. n., Pu. incredula comb. n., Pu. lecta comb. n., Pu. meditata comb. n., Pu. miniata comb. n., and Pu. terrestris comb. n.), Rhion, Shango, Shikibutyna gen. n. (Sh. felis comb. n., Sh. follicola comb. n., Sh. guanchae comb. n., Sh. mongolica comb. n., Sh. procerula comb. n., Sh. schmidti comb. n., Sh. szaboi comb. n., Sh. wangi comb. n., Sh. xizangensis comb. n., and Sh. zherikhini comb. n.), Simziella gen. n. (Si. annexa comb. n., Si. cebolla comb. n., Si. dunini comb. n., Si. major comb. n., Si. palmgreni comb. n., Si. paramajor comb. n., Si. sancta comb. n., Si. sotnik comb. n., Si. sylvania comb. n., Si. tridentata comb. n., Si. tucsona comb. n., Si. tyshchenkoi comb. n., Si. tyshchenkoi wrangeliana comb. n., Si. canadas comb. n., and Si. teideensis comb. n.), Spagnius gen. n. (Sp. albopilosa comb. n., Sp. foliacea comb. n., Sp. jacalana comb. n., and Sp. nebraska comb. n.), Sudesna, Tahuantina, Thallumetus, Tivyna (Ti. sonora comb. n.), Tolkienus gen. n. (Tolkienus armatus comb. n., Tolkienus bellans comb. n., Tolkienus bellans hatchi comb. n., Tolkienus estoc sp. n., Tolkienus ottoi comb. n., and Tolkienus longispina comb. n.), and Viridictyna. This study begins to remedy the dearth of systematic knowledge about this incredibly diverse spider group and fills knowledge gaps in the tree of life for little brown spiders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaf007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T23:33:55Z","timestamp":1738020835000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tailor\u2019s drawer no more: a reappraisal of the spider family Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871\n                    <i>sensu lato<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8219-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine O","family":"Montana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability , 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , Hensill Hall 538, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5683-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability , 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["United 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Berkeley, CA 94720 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin M","family":"Al-Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability , 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , Hensill Hall 538, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigie D","family":"Alequ\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability , 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , Hensill Hall 538, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 ,","place":["United 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Efforts to scientifically document biodiversity have not been evenly applied, either because of charisma or because of ease of study. Spiders are among the most precisely cataloged and diverse invertebrates, having surpassed 50,000 described species globally. The World Spider Catalog presents a unique opportunity to assess the disproportionate documentation of spider diversity. In the present article, we develop a taxonomic ratio relating new species descriptions to other taxonomic activity as a proxy for taxonomic effort, using spiders as a case study. We use this taxonomic effort metric to examine biases along multiple axes: phylogeny, zoogeography, and socioeconomics. We also use this metric to estimate the number of species that remain to be described. This work informs arachnologists in identifying high-priority taxa and regions for species discovery and highlights the benefits of maintaining open-access taxonomic databases\u2014a necessary step in overcoming bias and documenting the world's biodiversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biac116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T04:37:36Z","timestamp":1677818256000},"page":"112-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Measuring What We Don't Know: Biodiversity Catalogs Reveal Bias in Taxonomic Effort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob A","family":"Gorneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department of San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison , Madison, Wisconsin , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco , California , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco , California , United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Systematics: Progress in the study of spider diversity and evolution","volume-title":"Spider Research in the 21st Century: Trends and Perspectives","author":"Agnarsson","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107327","article-title":"Combining genomic, phenotypic and Sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha)","volume":"166","author":"Azevedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.004","article-title":"Cryptic species as a window on diversity and conservation","volume":"22","author":"Bickford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1071\/IS04008","article-title":"Systematics of the Californian euctenizine spider genus Apomastus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Cyrtaucheniidae): the relationship between molecular and morphological taxonomy","volume":"18","author":"Bond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invertebrate Systematics"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038753","article-title":"A reconsideration of the classification of the spider infraorder mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) based on three nuclear genes and morphology","volume":"7","author":"Bond","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/d14010005","article-title":"Improving taxonomic practices and enhancing its extensibility: an example from araneology","volume":"14","author":"Bond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib7","volume-title":"Bibliographia Araneorum: Analyse M\u00e9thodique de Toute la Litt\u00e9rature Aran\u00e9ologique jusqu'en 1939","author":"Bonnet","year":"1945"},{"key":"2024030208292622200_bib8","volume-title":"Bibliographia Araneorum. 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Via data from the World Spider Catalog, we examined trends in gender and geopolitical affiliation of taxonomists who described spider species from the Americas between 1946 and 2021. From each author citation, we inferred the gender (man or woman) of each author and the geopolitical location of their institution. Institutions were labelled as representing the Global North or South, categories corresponding to countries with more or fewer economic resources that foster access to taxonomic careers. We then used these individual author designations to calculate proportions of author teams of each gender or geopolitical category for each species described. When examining the makeup of author teams across time, we see that they have become more collaborative across gender and the geopolitical hemispheres. However, equity gaps remain when it comes to first authorship. Greater proportions of women are on teams with greater proportions of Global South authors, suggesting that when one underrepresented demographic is supported in becoming a species description author, other underrepresented demographics also benefit. This study contributes data toward understanding how we can make careers in taxonomy more accessible globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blaf067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:30:09Z","timestamp":1753183809000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["If history is written by the victors, who describes the spiders? 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Challenges to inclusion and the role of sense of belonging","volume":"23","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Psychology of Education"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0298964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298964","article-title":"Female researchers are under-represented in the Colombian science infrastructure","volume":"19","author":"Paz","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B41","first-page":"biaf083","article-title":"The use of eponyms can also promote gender equity in modern taxonomy","volume":"17","author":"P\u00e9tillon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01608-8","article-title":"Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity","volume":"6","author":"Raja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1126\/science.174.4015.1210","article-title":"The origins of taxonomy","volume":"174","author":"Raven","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2025.101357","article-title":"Promoting equity between the Global North and Global South in entomological research","volume":"69","author":"S\u00e1nchez Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Insect Science"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B45","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Necrol\u00f3gica: Mar\u00eda Elena Galiano","volume":"60","author":"Scioscia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Argentina"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.13156\/arac.2022.19.sp1.137","article-title":"Few and far between: a history of women in British arachnology 1800\u20132000","volume":"19","author":"Sherwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arachnology"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01365-4","article-title":"Scientific authorship by gender: trends before and during a global pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"Humanities & Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"2025091915122064200_blaf067-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.01.029","article-title":"Turning the tide of parachute science","volume":"31","author":"Stefanoudis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Biology: 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Zootaxa, 4442: 413\u2013426."],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4459","author":[{"given":"FRANKLYN","family":"CALA-RIQUELME","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LUIS","family":"QUIJANO-CUERVO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ALEXANDER","family":"SABOGAL-GONZ\u00c1LEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"INGI","family":"AGNARSSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4459.3.12\/15713","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4459.3.12\/15713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T21:54:35Z","timestamp":1684101275000},"score":26.357208,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4459.3.12"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4459.3.12","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:23:51Z","timestamp":1777505031828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Arachology","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arachnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"DOI":"10.13156\/arac.2021.18.8.868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T15:16:00Z","timestamp":1625843760000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new species of Marma Simon, 1902 (Salticidae: Euophryini) from Colombia"],"prefix":"10.13156","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Postgrado Doctorado en Ciencias-Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1 \/ Museu Paraense Em\u00edlio Goeldi, Bel\u00e9m, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5262","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Blackwall,  \"Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.\"  18, \"The difference in the number of eyes with which spiders are provided proposed as the basis of their distribution into tribes; with descriptions of newly discovered species and the characters of a new family and three new genera of spiders.\" 601 (1841)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.1838.tb00210.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Simon,  \"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de Belgique.\"  46, \"Description d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Salticidae (Attidae) (suite).\" 24 (1902)","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.19237"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. P. Maddison,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  43, \"A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae).\" 231 (2015)","DOI":"10.1636\/arac-43-03-231-292"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"A. Petrunkevitch,  \"Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.\"  27, \"Arachnida from Panama.\" 51 (1925)"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. J. Ram\u00edrez,  \"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.\"  390, \"The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae).\" 1 (2014)","DOI":"10.1206\/821.1"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bayer, H. H\u00f6fer, H. Metzner,  \"Zootaxa.\"  4806, \"Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini).\" 1 (2020)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4806.1.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Cala-Riquelme,  \"Zootaxa.\"  4963, \"Autodesk Sketchbook: An application that minimizes time and maximizes results of taxonomic drawing.\" 577 (2021)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4963.3.10"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"L. Di Caporiacco,  \"Monitore Zoologico Italiano.\"  56, \"Diagnosi preliminari de specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccari e Romiti.\" 20 (1947)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Di Caporiacco,  \"Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.\"  118, \"Arachnida of British Guiana collected in 1931 and 1936 by Professors Beccari and Romiti.\" 607 (1948)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00402.x"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"M. E. Galiano,  \"Acta Zoologica Lilloana.\"  18, \"Los g\u00e9neros Amphidraus Simon y Marma Simon (Araneae, Salticidae).\" 31 (1962)"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"M. E. Galiano,  \"Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales (C).\"  27, \"Dos nuevas especies del g\u00e9nero Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae, Salticidae).\" 95 (1967)"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"M. E. Galiano,  \"Revista de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Argentina.\"  35, \"Descripci\u00f3n del alotipo f de Amphidraus duckei Galiano, 1967 (Araneae, Salticidae).\" 57 (1976)"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Galvis,  \"Zootaxa.\"  4286, \"Nineteen new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Salticidae: Euophryini) from Colombia, with comments about their conservation.\" 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4286.1.1"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.W. Levi,  \"Psyche.\"  72, \"Techniques for the study of spider genitalia.\" 152 (1965)","DOI":"10.1155\/1965\/94978"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"C. F. De Mello-Leit\u00e3o,  \"Revista del Museo de La Plata (N.S., Zool.).\"  3, \"Ara\u00f1as de la provincia de Buenos Aires.\" 311 (1944)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. R. S. Ruiz, A. D. Brescovit, A. A. Lise,  \"Revista Brasileira de Zoologia.\"  24, \"On the taxonomy of some neotropical species of jumping spiders described by Caporiacco (Araneae, Salticidae).\" 376 (2007)","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-81752007000200016"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Salgado  and G. R. S. Ruiz  \"Zootaxa.\"  4312, \"Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations.\" 401 (2017)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4312.3.1"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Salgado  and G. R. S. Ruiz  \"Zootaxa.\"  4563, \"Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini).\" 451 (2019)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4563.3.3"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Salgado  and G. R. S. Ruiz  \"Zootaxa.\"  4899, \"Taxonomic revision of Marma Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini).\" 287 (2020)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4899.1.16"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"E. Simon,  \"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France.\"  69, \"\u00c9tudes arachnologiques. 30e M\u00e9moire. XLVII. Descriptions d'esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de la famille des Attidae.\" 27 (1900)"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"E. Simon,  \"Histoire naturelle des araign\u00e9es.\"  2, 381 (1901)"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"B. A. M. Soares  and H. F. De A. Camargo  \"Boletim do Museu Paraense Em\u00edlio Goeldi.\"  10, \"Aranhas coligidas pela Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Brasil-Central (Arachnida-Araneae).\" 355 (1948)"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. X. Zhang  and W. P. Maddison  \"Zootaxa.\"  3938, \"Genera of euophryine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with a combined molecular morphological phylogeny.\" 1 (2015)","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3938.1.1"}],"container-title":["Arachnology"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T15:16:14Z","timestamp":1625843774000},"score":24.541267,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/arachnology\/volume-18\/issue-8\/arac.2021.18.8.868\/A-new-species-of-Marma-Simon-1902-Salticidae--Euophryini\/10.13156\/arac.2021.18.8.868.full"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13156\/arac.2021.18.8.868","ISSN":["2050-9928"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-9928","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:25:23Z","timestamp":1790666723585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Evol Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immense geologic and ecological complexity of the Caribbean has created a natural laboratory for interpreting when and how organisms disperse through time and space. However, competing hypotheses compounded with this complexity have resulted in a lack of unifying principles of biogeography for the region. Though new data concerning the timing of geologic events and dispersal events are emerging, powerful new analytical tools now allow for explicit hypothesis testing. Arthropods, with varying dispersal ability and high levels of endemism in the Caribbean, are an important, albeit understudied, biogeographic model system. Herein, we include a comprehensive analysis of every publicly available genetic dataset (at the time of writing) of terrestrial Caribbean arthropod groups using a statistically robust pipeline to explicitly test the current extent of biogeographic hypotheses for the region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate several important biogeographic generalizations for the region: the South American continent is the predominant origin of Caribbean arthropod fauna; GAARlandia played a role for some taxa in aiding dispersal from South America to the Greater Antilles; founder event dispersal explains the majority of dispersal events by terrestrial arthropods, and distance between landmasses is important for dispersal; most dispersal events occurred via island hopping; there is evidence of \u2018reverse\u2019 dispersal from islands to the mainland; dispersal across the present-day Isthmus of Panama generally occurred prior to 3 mya; the Greater Antilles harbor more lineage diversity than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles typically have greater lineage diversity than the smaller islands; basal Caribbean taxa are primarily distributed in the Greater Antilles, the basal-most being from Cuba, and derived taxa are mostly distributed in the Lesser Antilles; Jamaican taxa are usually endemic and monophyletic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the diversity and deep history of terrestrial arthropods, incongruence of biogeographic patterns is expected, but focusing on both similarities and differences among divergent taxa with disparate life histories emphasizes the importance of particular qualities responsible for resulting diversification patterns. Furthermore, this study provides an analytical toolkit that can be used to guide researchers interested in answering questions pertaining to Caribbean biogeography using explicit hypothesis testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-019-1576-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1579860172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Towards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Crews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1576_CR1","first-page":"1851","volume-title":"Memorias sobre la historia natural de la isla de Cuba, acompa\u00f1adas de sumarios latinos y extractos en frances, por Felipe Poey Habana","author":"F Poey","year":"1861","unstructured":"Poey F. 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The number of rows of grains on cobs with top fasciation: \u0430 \u2014 16 rows (standard), b \u2014 32\u201334 rows, \u0441 \u2014 22\u201324 rows, d \u2014 20\u201322 rows"],"prefix":"10.17816","member":"55386","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1729345071000},"score":23.8129,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.eco-vector.com\/ecolgenet\/article\/downloadSuppFile\/625673\/4210075"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17816\/ecogen625673-4210075","relation":{"is-component-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.17816\/ecogen625673","asserted-by":"object"}]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:14:09Z","timestamp":1783530849267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scientific illustration continues to remain a critical part of taxonomy. Illustrations often require lots of time and, in many cases, the results are not as expected. At present, taxonomy journals only accept high quality digital illustrations; thus, image manipulation programs using vector or bitmap graphics have become the new focus of attention. This paper provides a step-by-step guide to making illustrations using bitmap graphics in Autodesk SketchBook. This application provides an alternative to other known tools by allowing: 1) faster illustrations; 2) direct drawing with a wide range of tools that simulate traditional drawing; 3) more detailed illustrations; and 4) an easy interface and work-flow for novice illustrators, all while being completely free and compatible with multiple operating systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4963.3.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T01:59:22Z","timestamp":1618883962000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Autodesk Sketchbook: An application that minimizes time and maximizes results of taxonomic drawing\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4963","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5683-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"FRANKLYN","family":"CALA-RIQUELME","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"50938","unstructured":"<p class=\"Reference\">Bober, S. &amp; Riehl, T. (2014) Adding depth to line artwork by digital stip\u00adpling \u2013 a step-by-step guide to the method. <em>Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution<\/em>, 14, 327\u2013337.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-014-0173-7<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Bouck, L. &amp; Thistle, D. (1999) A computer-assisted method for producing illustration for taxonomic descriptions. <em>Vie et Milieu<\/em>, 49 (2\/3), 101\u2013105.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Brecko, J., Mathys, A., Dekoninck, W., Leponce, M., VandenSpiegel, D., &amp; Semal, P. (2014) Focus stacking: Comparing commercial top-end set-ups with a semi-automatic low budget approach. A possible solution for mass digitization of type specimens. <em>ZooKeys<\/em>, 464, 1\u201323.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.464.8615<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Coleman, C.O. (2003) \u201cDigital inking\u201d: How to make perfect line drawings on computers. Organism, Diversity and Evolution, Electronic Supplement, 1\u201314. [http:\/\/senckenberg.de\/odes\/03-14.htm]<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Coleman, C.O. (2006) Substituting time-consuming pencil drawings in arthropod taxonomy using stacks of digital photographs. <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 1360 (1), 61\u201368.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.1360.1.4<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Coleman, C.O. (2009) Drawing setae the digital way. <em>Zoosystematics and Evolution<\/em>, 85, 305\u2013310.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/zoos.200900008<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Coleman, C.O. (2018) Shadings in digital taxonomic drawings. <em>Zoosystematics and Evolution<\/em>, 94 (2), 529\u2013533. <\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zse.94.28624<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Holzenthal, R.W. (2008) Digital Illustration of Insects. <em>American Entomologist<\/em>, 54, 218\u2013221. <\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ae\/54.4.218<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.title.50608<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Keyserling, E. (1885) Neue Spinnen aus America. VI. <em>Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K\u00f6niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien<\/em>, 34, 489\u2013534.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.part.26502<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Mayr, E., Linsley, E.G. &amp; Usinger, R.L. (1953) <em>Methods and principles of systematic zoology<\/em>. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., The Maple Press Company, York, PA, 328 pp.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Montesanto, G. (2015) A fast GNU method to draw accurate scientif\u00adic illustrations for taxonomy. <em>Zookeys<\/em>, 515, 191\u2013206.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.515.9459<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Montesanto, G. (2016) Drawing setae: a GNU way for digital scientific illustrations. <em>Nauplius<\/em>, 24, 1\u20136.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2358-2936e2016017<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Winston, J.E. (1999) <em>Describing species: Practical taxonomic procedure for biologists<\/em>. Columbia University Press, New York, 518 pp.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Zweifel, F.W. (1961) <em>Handbook of biological illustration<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 152 pp.<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4963.3.10\/43614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4963.3.10\/43614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T21:26:52Z","timestamp":1672176412000},"score":23.616798,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4963.3.10"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4963.3.10","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1756901992234,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Prof. Eugenio de Jesus Marcano","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Novit. Caribaea"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Se registra la presencia de la ara\u00f1a mim\u00e9tica Synemosyna petrunkevitchi para Cuba, coment\u00e1ndose adem\u00e1s aspectos sobre su ecolog\u00eda.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33800\/nc.v0i3.179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T15:45:18Z","timestamp":1559058318000},"page":"85-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primer registro de Synemosyna petrunkevitchi (Chapin, 1922) (Araneae: Salticidae) en Cuba"],"prefix":"10.33800","author":[{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19384","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"container-title":["Novitates Caribaea"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/novitatescaribaea.do\/index.php\/novitates\/article\/download\/179\/144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/novitatescaribaea.do\/index.php\/novitates\/article\/download\/179\/144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T03:29:37Z","timestamp":1648524577000},"score":23.585005,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/novitatescaribaea.do\/index.php\/novitates\/article\/view\/179"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33800\/nc.v0i3.179","ISSN":["2079-0139","2071-9841"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-0139"},{"type":"print","value":"2071-9841"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T04:31:50Z","timestamp":1713155510735},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Six new Colombian species of Otiothops (O. besotes sp. n., O. doctorstrange sp. n., O. chicaque sp. n., O. vaupes sp. n.) and Fernandezina (F. andersoni sp. n., F. eduardoi sp. n.) are described. Diagnostic illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all of the new species, along with new records for O. macleayi Banks, 1929 and O. amazonicus Simon, 1887 from Colombia.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4442.3.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:10:55Z","timestamp":1530576655000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New species of Otiothopinae (Araneae: Palpimanidae) from Colombia"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4442","author":[{"given":"FRANKLYN","family":"CALA-RIQUELME","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LUIS","family":"QUIJANO-CUERVO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ALEXANDER","family":"SABOGAL-GONZ\u00c1LEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"INGI","family":"AGNARSSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hormiga, G. 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(2002) Palpimanid spiders from Guyana: new species of the genera <em>Fernandezina<\/em> and <em>Otiothops<\/em> (Araneae, Palpimanidae, Otiothopinae). <em>Iheringia<\/em>, S\u00e9rie Zoologia, 92, 13-16.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Grismado, C.J. (2008) Descripci\u00f3n de una nueva especie de <em>Otiothops<\/em> MacLeay (Arachnida, Araneae, Palpimanidae) de Misiones, Argentina. <em>Natura Neotropicalis<\/em>, 37, 39-42.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">MacLeay, W.S. (1839) On some new forms of Arachnida. <em>Annals of Natural History<\/em>, 2, 1-14.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Mello-Leit\u00e3o, C.F. de (1927) Notes sur quelques araign\u00e9es bresiliennes de la collection E. Simon. 1. Les palpimanides de l'Amerique du Sud. <em>Bulletin du Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris<\/em>, 1927, 86-92.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ott, R. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ott, A.P. 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(1978) A new <em>Otiothops<\/em> from Colombia (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>,<em> <\/em>5, 179-180.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Platnick, N.I., Grismado, C.J. &amp","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3619.4.6"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.9","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez, M.J. (1999) On the genera of the spider subfamily Otiothopinae (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>American Museum Novitates<\/em>, 3257, 1-25.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ram\u00edrez, M.J. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.10","unstructured":"Grismado, C.J. (1996) A new <em>Fernandezina<\/em> from Brazil (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Iheringia<\/em>, S\u00e9rie Zoologia, 80, 117-119.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Sherman, G. E., Sutton, T., Blazek, R., Holl, S., Dassau, O., Morely, B., Mitchell, T. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.11","unstructured":"Luthman, L. (2012) Quantum GIS Software. Version 2.16.0 'N\u00f8debo'. 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(2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>, 35(3), 538-542. <br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/Sh06-55.1<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Birab\u00e9n, M. (1951) <em>Fernandezina<\/em>, nuevo g\u00e9nero de Palpimanidae (Araneae). <em>Acta Zoologica Lilloana<\/em>, 12, 545-549.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Brescovit, A.D. &amp; Bonaldo, A.B. (1993) On the genus <em>Otiothops<\/em> in Brazil (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique<\/em>, Entomologie, 63, 47-50.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Brescovit, A.D., Bonaldo, A.B. &amp; Barreiros, J.A.P. (2007) Two new species of the spider genus <em>Otiothops<\/em> (Araneae: Palpimanidae) from Caxiuan\u00e3 National Forest, Par\u00e1, Brazil. <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 1545 (1), 59-66. <br \/> https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.1545.1.5<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Bryant, E.B. (1940) Cuban spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology<\/em>, 86, 247-554.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Buckup, E.H. &amp; Ott, R. (2004) Esp\u00e9cies novas de <em>Otiothops<\/em> e <em>Fernandezina<\/em> do norte do Brasil (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Iheringia, S\u00e9rie Zoologia<\/em>, 94, 23-24.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cala-Riquelme, F. &amp; Agnarsson, I. (2014) A new species of <em>Otiothops<\/em> MacLeay (Araneae: Palpimanidae: Otiothiopinae) from Cuba. <em>Arachnology<\/em>, 16, 193-194.<br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13156\/arac.2014.16.6.193<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Castro, D., Baptista, R., Grismado, C. &amp; Ram\u00edrez, M.J. (2015) New species and records of Otiothopinae from the Southern Atlantic Rainforest, with notes on the claw tufts in <em>Fernandezina<\/em> Birab\u00e9n (Araneae: Palpimanidae). <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 4012 (3), 465-478.<br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4012.3.3<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Chickering, A.M. (1966) New species of Palpimanidae (Araneae) from the West Indies. <em>Psyche<\/em>, 73, 208-216.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Grismado, C.J. (2002) Palpimanid spiders from Guyana: new species of the genera <em>Fernandezina<\/em> and <em>Otiothops<\/em> (Araneae, Palpimanidae, Otiothopinae). <em>Iheringia<\/em>, S\u00e9rie Zoologia, 92, 13-16.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Grismado, C.J. (2008) Descripci\u00f3n de una nueva especie de <em>Otiothops<\/em> MacLeay (Arachnida, Araneae, Palpimanidae) de Misiones, Argentina. <em>Natura Neotropicalis<\/em>, 37, 39-42.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">MacLeay, W.S. (1839) On some new forms of Arachnida. <em>Annals of Natural History<\/em>, 2, 1-14.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Mello-Leit\u00e3o, C.F. de (1927) Notes sur quelques araign\u00e9es bresiliennes de la collection E. Simon. 1. Les palpimanides de l'Amerique du Sud. <em>Bulletin du Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris<\/em>, 1927, 86-92.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ott, R. &amp; Ott, A.P. (2014) A new species of <em>Fernandezina<\/em> (Araneae, Palpimanidae) from southern Brazil. <em>Iheringia<\/em>, S\u00e9rie Zoologia, 104, 446-450.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Piacentini, L.N., \u00c1vila Calero, S.L., P\u00e9rez, M.E. &amp; Grismado, C.J. (2013) The first palpimanid spiders from Bolivia: two new species of the genus <em>Otiothops<\/em> MacLeay, and the female of <em>Fernandezina pulchra<\/em> Birab\u00e9n (Araneae: Palpimanidae: Otiothopinae). <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 3619, 491-500."},{"key":"#cr-split#-43109.13","unstructured":"(4) <br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3619.4.6<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Platnick, N.I. (1975) A revision of the palpimanid spiders of the new subfamily Otiothopinae (Araneae: Palpimanidae). <em>American Museum Novitates<\/em>, 2562, 1-32<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Platnick, N.I. (1978) A new <em>Otiothops<\/em> from Colombia (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Journal of Arachnology<\/em>,<em> <\/em>5, 179-180.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Platnick, N.I., Grismado, C.J. &amp; Ram\u00edrez, M.J. (1999) On the genera of the spider subfamily Otiothopinae (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>American Museum Novitates<\/em>, 3257, 1-25.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ram\u00edrez, M.J. &amp; Grismado, C.J. (1996) A new <em>Fernandezina<\/em> from Brazil (Araneae, Palpimanidae). <em>Iheringia<\/em>, S\u00e9rie Zoologia, 80, 117-119.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Sherman, G. E., Sutton, T., Blazek, R., Holl, S., Dassau, O., Morely, B., Mitchell, T. &amp; Luthman, L. (2012) Quantum GIS Software. Version 2.16.0 'N\u00f8debo'. Available from: http:\/\/www.qgis.org\/es\/site\/ (accessed 31 November 2017)<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Simon, E. (1893) <em>Histoire naturelle das araign\u00e9es<\/em>. <em>Vol. 1<\/em>. Roret, Paris, 1084 pp. [pp. 257-488]<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">World Spider Catalog (2018) <em>World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Version 16<\/em>. Available from: http:\/\/wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 21 February 2018)<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Wunderlich, J. (1999) Description of two new species of the genus <em>Otiothops<\/em> Mcleay [sic] from South America (Arachnida: Araneae: Palpimanidae). <em>Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a.M.<\/em>, 109, 213-216.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\"> <\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\"> <\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\"> <\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\"> <\/p><p> <\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4442.3.4\/15270","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4442.3.4\/15270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1684113241000},"score":22.707022,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4442.3.4"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4442.3.4","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:31:48Z","timestamp":1790235108450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ZK"],"DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.273.4591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T18:12:53Z","timestamp":1362075173000},"page":"73-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A review of the genus Berosus Leach of Cuba (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Fik\u00e1cek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Deler-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklyn","family":"Cala-Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3719_B1","author":"Castelnau","year":"1840","journal-title":"Historie naturelle des Animaux articules. 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It is an important faunal component in both natural and synanthropic environments, and even found in aquatic and extreme habitats such as desert salt flats. The systematics of the marronoid clade has been notoriously unstable due to the widespread character homoplasy and phenotypic variation found across the group, resulting in vague family concepts. The present work aims to mitigate this problem by conducting the thus far most densely sampled phylogenetic study (including 58% of all known genera), combining genomic subsampling (ultraconserved elements) and marker sequencing approaches. Our study especially focused on the so\u2010called Austral marronoids, which have not been sufficiently treated in recent revisionary works. Our results find robust evidence for a biogeographic separation of most marronoid families, which generally exhibit their highest diversity in temperate regions of both hemispheres and are poorly represented in the tropics. Based on our phylogenetic and comparative morphological study, we propose a revised classification system of the marronoid clade, comprising 18 families. We provide descriptions of each family, notes on their natural history and explain the gaps that persist in biodiversity documentation, delivering a robust foundation for future ecological, macro\u2010evolutionary and taxonomic works.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T06:46:33Z","timestamp":1787553993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A revised classification system of the marronoid clade of spiders (Araneae), based on dense sampling phylogenomics and comparative morphology"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas O.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0110-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B. 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