{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":709781,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:58:03Z","timestamp":1786550283146,"version":"build-2736575974"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the normative interpretation of the fast-and-frugal research program and in particular to contrast it with the normative reading of rational choice theory and behavioral economics. The ecological rationality of fast-and-frugal heuristics is admittedly a form of normative naturalism (Gigerenzer and Sturm 2012) \u2013 it derives what agents \"ought\" to do from that which \"is\" ecologically rational \u2013 and the paper will examine how this differs from the normative rationality associated with rational choice theory. I will also attempt to assess the relative adequacy of normative ecological rationality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2412403","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T11:03:50Z","timestamp":1395831830000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normative Ecological Rationality: Normative Rationality in the Fast-and-Frugal-Heuristics Research Program"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5914-8948","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"D. Wade","family":"Hands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"1979","journal-title":"Expected Utility Hypothesis and the Allais Paradox","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7629-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2550390","article-title":"Rational Choice Functions and Orderings","volume":"26","author":"Kenneth J Arrow","year":"1959","journal-title":"Economica"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1677168","article-title":"As-If Behavioral Economics: Neoclassical Economics in Disguise?","volume":"18","author":"Nathan Berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"History of Economic Ideas"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400833092","author":"Kenneth Binmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rational Decisions"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400829118-004","article-title":"Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, and Future","author":"Colin Camerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Advances in Behavioral Economics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0199246270.001.0001","author":"Donald Davidson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Essays on Actions and Events"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0198237545.001.0001","author":"Donald Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Problems of Rationality"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1086\/287412","article-title":"Outlines of a Formal Theory of Value","volume":"22","author":"Donald ; Davidson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Philosophy of Science"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511782237","author":"John B Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Individuals and Identity in Economics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2307\/1884324","article-title":"Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms","volume":"75","author":"Daniel Ellsberg","year":"1961","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Morality and Evolutionary Biology","author":"William Fitzpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1086\/256692","article-title":"The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk","volume":"56","author":"Milton Friedman","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1086\/257308","article-title":"The Expected-Utility Hypothesis and the Measurability of Utility","volume":"60","author":"Milton Friedman","year":"1952","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"37","article-title":"The Adaptive Toolbox","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195328981.001.0001","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rationality for Mortals: How People Cope With Uncertainty"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2008.00058.x","article-title":"Why Heuristics Work","volume":"3","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x","article-title":"Homo Heristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences","volume":"1","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295x.103.4.650","article-title":"Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way: Models of Bounded Rationality","volume":"103","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199744282.001.0001","author":"Gerd ; Gigerenzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heuristics: The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bounded Rationality and the Adaptive Toolbox","DOI":"10.1086\/345264"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rethinking Rationality"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-011-0030-6","article-title":"How (Far) Can Rationality be Naturalized?","volume":"187","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195315448.003.0142","article-title":"Ecological Rationality: The Normative Study of Heuristics","author":"Gerd Gigerenzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecological Rationality: Intelligence in the World"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2302.001.0001","author":"Paul M Glimcher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Decisions, Uncertainty, and the Brain: The Science of Neuroeconomics"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295x.109.1.75","article-title":"Models of ecological rationality: The recognition Heuristic","volume":"109","author":"Daniel G Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.2008.00006.x","article-title":"Action Explanations Are Not Inherently Normative","volume":"74","author":"Gr\ufffdne-Yanoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110246339.61","article-title":"Rational Choice and Bounded Rationality","author":"Gr\ufffdne-Yanoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Religion, Economy, and Cooperation, Ilkka Ryysi\ufffdinen"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/135017800362248","article-title":"The Logic of Normative Falsification: Rationality and Experiments in Decision Theory","volume":"7","author":"Francesco Guala","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Economic Methodology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2009.27.5.661","article-title":"Fast and Frugal Heuristics: Tools of Social Rationality","volume":"27","author":"Ralph Hertwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Cognition"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"19","author":"Floris Heukelom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioral Economics,\" in The Elgar Companion to Recent Economic Methodology"},{"key":"ref31","author":"Floris Heukelom","year":"2013","journal-title":"A History of Behavioral Economics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/0952695108091414","article-title":"Facts, Norms, and Expected Utility Functions","volume":"21","author":"Sophie ; Jallais","year":"2008","journal-title":"History of the Human Sciences"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Maps of Bounded Rationality: A Perspective on Intuitive Judgment","volume":"93","author":"Daniel Kahneman","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185","article-title":"Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decisions Under Risk","volume":"47","author":"Daniel Kahneman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Choices, Values, and Frames","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.425"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1215\/00182702-37-1-27","article-title":"A Conceptual History of the Emergence of Bounded Rationality","volume":"37","author":"Matthias Klaes","year":"2005","journal-title":"History of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/09672567.2011.616593","article-title":"Three Ways of Linking Laboratory Endeavors to the Realm of Policies","volume":"18","author":"Kyu Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of the History of Economic Thought"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2307\/1907264","article-title":"Rational Behavior, Uncertain Prospects, and Measurable Utility","volume":"18","author":"Jacob Marschak","year":"1950","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9368-5_13","article-title":"Duhemian Themes in Expected Utility Theory","author":"Philippe Mongin","year":"2009","journal-title":"French Studies in the Philosophy of"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6435.1972.tb01077.x","volume":"25","author":"Oskar Morgenstern","year":"1972","journal-title":"Descriptive, Predictive and Normative Theory"},{"key":"ref41","author":"Robert Nozick","year":"1963","journal-title":"The Normative Theory of Individual Choice"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400820832","author":"Robert Nozick","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Nature of Rationality"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1372-4_1","article-title":"The Prescriptive Orientation of Decision Making: A Synthesis of Decision Analysis, Behavioral Decision Making, and Game Theory","author":"Howard Raiffa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Decision Theory and Decision Analysis: Trends and Challenges"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674042605","author":"John Rawls","year":"1971","journal-title":"A Theory of Justice"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2600.001.0001","author":"Don Ross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Economic Theory and Cognitive Science: Microexplanation. Cambridge"},{"key":"ref46","author":"Leonard J Savage","year":"1972","journal-title":"The Foundations of Statistics"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1215\/00182702-36-4-735","article-title":"Behavioral Economics: How Psychology Made Its (Limited) Way Back Into Economics","volume":"36","author":"Esther-Mirjam Sent","year":"2004","journal-title":"History of Political Economy"},{"key":"ref48","author":"Herbert Simon","year":"1945","journal-title":"Administrative Behavior"},{"key":"ref49","author":"Herbert Simon","year":"1957","journal-title":"Models of Man"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803322156954","article-title":"Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in Economics","volume":"93","author":"Vernon L Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"ref51","author":"Vernon L Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"175","article-title":"Libertarian Paternalism","volume":"93","author":"Cass R Sunstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Review"},{"key":"ref53","author":"Cass R Sunstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2681(80)90051-7","article-title":"Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice","volume":"1","author":"Richard H Thaler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:21:31Z","timestamp":1786548091000},"score":54.37309,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=2412403"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2412403","published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T18:29:58Z","timestamp":1715365798020},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The MIT Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780262369664","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14401.003.0008","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1657672521000},"page":"305-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Fast and Frugal Heuristics Research Program"],"prefix":"10.7551","member":"281","container-title":["Bounded Rationality"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/books\/monograph\/chapter-pdf\/2034418\/c011400_9780262369664.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:35:36Z","timestamp":1657672536000},"score":46.809452,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/books\/book\/5353\/chapter\/3871783\/The-Fast-and-Frugal-Heuristics-Research-Program"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"ISBN":["9780262369664"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/14401.003.0008","published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T18:29:25Z","timestamp":1715365765637},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The MIT Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780262273817","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1654.003.0006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T16:55:32Z","timestamp":1579280132000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fast and Frugal Heuristics for Environmentally Bounded Minds"],"prefix":"10.7551","member":"281","container-title":["Bounded Rationality"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T16:55:49Z","timestamp":1579280149000},"score":45.932144,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/books\/book\/4232\/chapter\/178064"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"ISBN":["9780262273817"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/1654.003.0006","published":{"date-parts":[[2002]]}}],"items-per-page":3,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}