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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 - \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629"],"prefix":"10.35695","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646","family":"\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"21374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"26370","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1952). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f."},{"key":"26371","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1979). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629."},{"key":"26372","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645. (2004). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 (\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629."},{"key":"26373","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a."},{"key":"26374","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (1987). \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646."},{"key":"26375","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. (1999). \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642."},{"key":"26376","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a."},{"key":"26377","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1996). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646."},{"key":"26378","unstructured":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26379","unstructured":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. (2022\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 13(2)\u060c 77\u2013102. \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627."},{"key":"26380","unstructured":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a."},{"key":"26381","unstructured":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a \u0663\u0666\u0669 \u0647\u0640). \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644"},{"key":"26382","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0664\u0660\u0668 - \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0667 \u0645."},{"key":"26383","unstructured":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1984). \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u062f). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642."},{"key":"26384","unstructured":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0624\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a). \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629."},{"key":"26385","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2001). \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0628). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26386","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (1999). \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a."},{"key":"26387","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0661\u0664\u0662\u0661 \u0647\u0640 - \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0645."},{"key":"26388","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644. (1955). \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26389","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644. (1998). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636."},{"key":"26390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631). \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 48\u060c 55 \u2013 78.","DOI":"10.21608\/dftaa.2022.231631"},{"key":"26391","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648. (1988\u20132009). \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646). \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629."},{"key":"26392","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628). (1357\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a). \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f."},{"key":"26393","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628). (2011). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a). \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629."},{"key":"26394","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649. (1998). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 = \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a."},{"key":"26395","unstructured":"\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647). \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642."},{"key":"26396","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f. (1987). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26397","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627."},{"key":"26398","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a). \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26399","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1403\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0646). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641."},{"key":"26400","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c. (\u0661\u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0647\u0640 - \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0660 \u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646."},{"key":"26401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a. (2017). \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 45\u201370. \u0645\u0635\u0631.","DOI":"10.33850\/1806-000-001-002"},{"key":"26402","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2004). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0645). \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26403","unstructured":"\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642. (2022). \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627."},{"key":"26404","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1998). \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26405","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: https:\/\/www.alukah.net."},{"key":"26406","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a. (\u0661\u0664\u0660\u0662 \u0647 - \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0662 \u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 - \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646."},{"key":"26407","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633. (\u0661\u066424 \u0647 - 2003\u0645). \u062d\u0650\u0641\u0638\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u064e \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646."},{"key":"26408","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1444\u0647). \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 55(200)\u060c 85 \u2013110."},{"key":"26409","unstructured":"\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (2007). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 6. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633.."},{"key":"26410","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631."},{"key":"26411","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26412","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a = \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a."},{"key":"26413","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2022\/1443\u0647). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 57\u060c 115 \u2013 140."},{"key":"26414","unstructured":"\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c. (1955). \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a). \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629."},{"key":"26415","unstructured":"\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631."},{"key":"26416","unstructured":"\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. (1980). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629."},{"key":"26417","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628. (\u0661\u0664\u0663\u0669 \u0647\u0640 - \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668 \u0645). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u0649 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646). (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629."},{"key":"26418","unstructured":"\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0631. (1981). \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642."},{"key":"26419","unstructured":"\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. (2023\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 7."},{"key":"26420","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649. (1998). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631."},{"key":"26421","unstructured":"\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641) \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a). https:\/\/ dawa.center."},{"key":"26422","unstructured":"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627: https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki"},{"key":"26423","unstructured":"References in Arabic:"},{"key":"26424","unstructured":"Ibn Abi Hatim, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad. (1952). Al-Jarh wa-al-Ta\u2018dil. (n.ed.). Hyderabad Deccan, India: Matba\u2018at Majlis Da\u2019irat al-Ma\u2018arif al-\u2018Uthmaniyyah."},{"key":"26425","unstructured":"Ibn al-Athir, al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad. (1979). Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa-al-Athar (Tahir Ahmad al-Zawi & Mahmud Muhammad al-Tanahi, Eds.). (n.ed.). Al-Maktabah al-\u2018Ilmiyyah."},{"key":"26426","unstructured":"Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn Abd al-Halim. (2004). Majmu\u2018 al-Fatawa (Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim, Comp. & Arr., with Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Qasim). (n.ed.). Madinah: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur\u2019an."},{"key":"26427","unstructured":"Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad. (n.d.). Al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa-al-Ahwa\u2019 wa-al-Nihal. (n.ed.). Maktabat al-Khanji."},{"key":"26428","unstructured":"Ibn Durayd, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. (1987). Jamharat al-Lughah (Ramzi Munir Baalbaki, Ed.). (n.ed.). Dar al-\u2018Ilm lil-Malayin."},{"key":"26429","unstructured":"Ibn Qutaybah, Abd Allah ibn Muslim. (1999). Ta\u2019wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith. (2nd ed., rev. & enl.). Al-Maktab al-Islami \u2013 Mu\u2019assasat al-Ishraq."},{"key":"26430","unstructured":"Ibn Majah, Muhammad ibn Yazid. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn Majah (Muhammad Fu\u2019ad Abd al-Baqi, Ed.). (n.ed.). Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Kutub al-\u2018Arabiyyah \u2013 Faysal Isa al-Babi al-Halabi."},{"key":"26431","unstructured":"Ibn Hubayrah, Yahya ibn Muhammad. (1996). Al-Ifsah \u2018an Ma\u2018ani al-Sihah (Fu\u2019ad Abd al-Mun\u2018im Ahmad, Ed.). (n.ed.). Dar al-Watan."},{"key":"26432","unstructured":"Abu Dawud, Sulayman ibn al-Ash\u2018ath. (n.d.). Sunan Abi Dawud (Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid, Ed.). (n.ed.). Sidon\u2013Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-\u2018Asriyyah."},{"key":"26433","unstructured":"Abu Zayd, Abd al-Azim. (2022). Al-Tatbiqat al-Maliyyah lil-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i. Majallat Isra\u2019 al-Dawliyyah, 13(2), 77\u2013102. Malaysia."},{"key":"26434","unstructured":"Abu Shuhbah, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. (n.d.). Al-Wasit fi \u2018Ulum wa-Mustalah al-Hadith. (n.ed.). Dar al-Fikr al-\u2018Arabi."},{"key":"26435","unstructured":"Abu al-Shaykh al-Asbahani, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja\u2018far ibn Hayyan al-Ansari. (1987). Amthal al-Hadith (Abd al-\u2018Ali Abd al-Hamid Hamid, Ed.). (2nd ed.). Bombay, India: Al-Dar al-Salafiyyah."},{"key":"26436","unstructured":"Abu Ya\u2018la, Ahmad ibn Ali. (1984). Musnad Abi Ya\u2018la (Husayn Salim Asad, Ed.). (n.ed.). Damascus: Dar al-Ma\u2019mun lil-Turath."},{"key":"26437","unstructured":"Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. (n.d.). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Shu\u2018ayb al-Arna\u2019ut et al., Eds.; Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Turki, Superv.). (n.ed.). Mu\u2019assasat al-Risalah."},{"key":"26438","unstructured":"Al-Azhari, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (2001). Tahdhib al-Lughah (Muhammad Awad Mur\u2018ib, Ed.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-\u2018Arabi."},{"key":"26439","unstructured":"Al-Albani, Muhammad Nasir al-Din. (1999). Sahih al-Jami\u2018 al-Saghir wa-Ziyadatuh. (n.ed.). Al-Maktab al-Islami."},{"key":"26440","unstructured":"Al-Albani, Muhammad Nasir al-Din. (2000). Sahih al-Targhib wa-al-Tarhib. (1st ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma\u2018arif lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi\u2018."},{"key":"26441","unstructured":"Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma\u2018il. (1955). Sahih al-Bukhari (Group of scholars, Eds.; Muhammad Zuhayr al-Nasir, Superv.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Dar Tawq al-Najah."},{"key":"26442","unstructured":"Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma\u2018il. (1998). Al-Adab al-Mufrad (Samir ibn Amin al-Zuhayri, Ed.; with takhrij by Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani). (n.ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma\u2018arif lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi\u2018."},{"key":"26443","unstructured":"Al-Bura\u2018i, Ahmad. (2022). Tatbiqat al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i wa-al-Rubut. Majallat Dar al-Ifta\u2019 al-Misriyyah, (48), 55\u201378."},{"key":"26444","unstructured":"Al-Bazzar, Ahmad ibn Amr. (1988\u20132009). Musnad al-Bazzar al-Manshur bi-Ism al-Bahr al-Zakhkhar (Mahfuz al-Rahman Zayn Allah et al., Eds.). (n.ed.). Madinah: Maktabat al-\u2018Ulum wa-al-Hikam."},{"key":"26445","unstructured":"Al-Baghdadi, Ahmad ibn Ali (al-Khatib). (ca. 1938). Al-Kifayah fi \u2018Ilm al-Riwayah (Abu Abd Allah al-Surqi, Corr.; Ibrahim Hamdi al-Madani, Coll.). (n.ed.). Hyderabad: Jam\u2018iyyat Da\u2019irat al-Ma\u2018arif al-\u2018Uthmaniyyah."},{"key":"26446","unstructured":"Al-Baghdadi, Ahmad ibn Ali (al-Khatib). (2011). Al-Rihlah fi Talab al-Hadith (Abu Uways al-Kurdi, Ed.; Mustafa ibn al-\u2018Adawi, Rev.). (n.ed.). Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah."},{"key":"26447","unstructured":"Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn Isa. (1998). Al-Jami\u2018 = Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Bashshar Awwad Ma\u2018ruf, Ed.). (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami."},{"key":"26448","unstructured":"Jarrad, Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad. (2018). Al-Sabr \u2018inda al-Muhaddithin wa-Atharuhu fi Ma\u2018rifat Anwa\u2018 \u2018Ulum al-Hadith fi al-Matn wa-al-Isnad wa-fi al-Hukm \u2018ala al-Ruwat wa-al-Marwiyyat [Doctoral dissertation]. Maktabat Dar al-Bayan, Damascus."},{"key":"26449","unstructured":"Al-Jawhari, Isma\u2018il ibn Hammad. (1987). Al-Sihah Taj al-Lughah wa-Sihah al-\u2018Arabiyyah (Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar, Ed.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Dar al-\u2018Ilm lil-Malayin."},{"key":"26450","unstructured":"Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah. (2018). Al-Mustadrak \u2018ala al-Sahihayn (Scientific Team of the Sunnah Service Office, Ed.; Ashraf ibn Muhammad Najib al-Misri, Superv.). (n.ed.). Syria: Dar al-Minhaj al-Qawim."},{"key":"26451","unstructured":"Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Muhammad ibn Abd Allah. (n.d.). Al-Madkhal ila al-Sahih: Al-Qism al-Awwal (Rabi\u2018 Hadi Umayr al-Madkhali, Study & Ed.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat al-Risalah."},{"key":"26452","unstructured":"Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Ahmad ibn Ali. (ca. 1983). Al-Jami\u2018 li-Akhlaq al-Rawi wa-Adab al-Sami\u2018 (Mahmud al-Tahhan, Ed.). (n.ed.). Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma\u2018arif."},{"key":"26453","unstructured":"Al-Khatib, Muhammad Ajjaj. (1980). Al-Sunnah Qabla al-Tadwin. (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr lil-Tiba\u2018ah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi\u2018."},{"key":"26454","unstructured":"Al-Khayyat, Sami. (2017). Majalat Tawzif al-Tiqniyyah al-Hadithah wa-Maharatuha fi Khidmat \u2018Ulum al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah: Dawabit wa-Mahadhir (Dirasah Hadithiyyah Nazariyyah Tatbiqiyyah). Al-Majallah al-\u2018Arabiyyah lil-Dirasat al-Islamiyyah, (1), 45\u201370. Egypt."},{"key":"26455","unstructured":"Al-Daraqutni, Ali ibn Umar. (2004). Sunan al-Daraqutni (Shu\u2018ayb al-Arna\u2019ut, Hasan Abd al-Mun\u2018im Shalabi, Abd al-Latif Hirz Allah, & Ahmad Barhum, Eds.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat al-Risalah."},{"key":"26456","unstructured":"Dahman, Abd al-Haqq. (2022). Tawzifat al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i fi al-Tahayyuz Didd al-Islam. (n.ed.). Turkey: Markaz al-Mujaddid lil-Buhuth wa-al-Dirasat."},{"key":"26457","unstructured":"Al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (1998). Tadhkirat al-Huffaz (Zakariyya Umayrat, Notes). (n.ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah."},{"key":"26458","unstructured":"Al-Rayyis, Ibrahim. (n.d.). Al-Tiqniyyah al-Hadithah fi Khidmat al-Sunnah wa-al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah Bayna al-Waqi\u2018 wa-al-Ma\u2019mul. Alukah. https:\/\/www.alukah.net"},{"key":"26459","unstructured":"Al-Siba\u2018i, Mustafa ibn Husni. (1982). Al-Sunnah wa-Makanatuha fi al-Tashri\u2018 al-Islami. (3rd ed.). Damascus, Syria\u2013Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Maktab al-Islami."},{"key":"26460","unstructured":"Al-Sallum, Ahmad ibn Faris. (2003). Hifz Allah al-Sunnah wa-Suwar min Hifz al-\u2018Ulama\u2019 Laha wa-Tanafusihim Fiha. (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Sharikat Dar al-Basha\u2019ir al-Islamiyyah."},{"key":"26461","unstructured":"Al-Sinani, Muhammad. (ca. 2022). Daman al-Darar wa-al-Itlaf bi-Tiqniyyat al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i. Majallat al-Jami\u2018ah al-Islamiyyah bi-al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, 55(200), 85\u2013110."},{"key":"26462","unstructured":"Ghazi, Izz al-Din. (2007). Al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i: Hal Huwa Tiknulujiyya Ramziyyah? Majallat Fikr al-\u2018Ulum al-Insaniyyah wa-al-Ijtima\u2018iyyah, (6). Faculty of Arts, Fez."},{"key":"26463","unstructured":"Al-Farra\u2019, Yahya ibn Ziyad. (n.d.). Ma\u2018ani al-Qur\u2019an (Ahmad Yusuf al-Najati, Muhammad Ali al-Najjar, & Abd al-Fattah Isma\u2018il al-Shalabi, Eds.). (n.ed.). Egypt: Dar al-Misriyyah lil-Ta\u2019lif wa-al-Tarjamah."},{"key":"26464","unstructured":"Al-Fayyumi, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. (n.d.). Al-Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir. (n.ed.). Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-\u2018Ilmiyyah."},{"key":"26465","unstructured":"Al-Mawardi, Ali ibn Muhammad. (n.d.). Tafsir al-Mawardi = Al-Nukat wa-al-\u2018Uyun (Al-Sayyid ibn Abd al-Maqsud ibn Abd al-Rahim, Ed.). (n.ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah."},{"key":"26466","unstructured":"Al-Muhaymid, Umar. (2022). Al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i wa-Atharuhu fi Sina\u2018at al-Fatwa. Majallat al-Jam\u2018iyyah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Sa\u2018udiyyah, (57), 115\u2013140."},{"key":"26467","unstructured":"Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. (1955). Sahih Muslim (Muhammad Fu\u2019ad Abd al-Baqi, Ed.). (n.ed.). Cairo: Matba\u2018at Isa al-Babi al-Halabi wa-Shurakah."},{"key":"26468","unstructured":"Musa, Abd Allah, & Habib, Ahmad. (2019). Al-Dhaka\u2019 al-Istina\u2018i: Thawrah fi Taqniyyat al-\u2018Asr. (n.ed.). Cairo: Al-Majmu\u2018ah al-\u2018Arabiyyah lil-Tadrib wa-al-Nashr."},{"key":"26469","unstructured":"Najm, Abd al-Mun\u2018im al-Sayyid. (1980). \u2018Ilm al-Jarh wa-al-Ta\u2018dil. (n.ed.). 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