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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThis research aims to investigate the causes of fabricated hadiths (mawdu'at) and their detrimental impact on Islamic thought, with a particular focus on the importance of preserving the Prophet's Sunnah from distortion and forgery. The study delves into the proliferation of fabricated hadiths and their resulting negative consequences for understanding the Prophet's Sunnah, especially in light of contemporary attempts by some scholars to deny authentic hadiths on the grounds of alleged contradictions with reason, thereby posing a threat to the status of the Sunnah as a fundamental source of Islamic law. The research explores the science of hadith in terms of its origins and criteria, while analyzing the impact of fabricated hadiths on individuals and Islamic societies. It also reviews the efforts of past and contemporary scholars in confronting fabricated hadiths and exposing their dangers, while critiquing the modern phenomenon of denying authentic hadiths based on rational arguments unsupported by scholarly evidence. Employing an analytical and inductive methodology, the research gathers and analyzes information on the causes of fabricated hadiths, the motives of fabricators, and their impact on Islamic thought. The study concludes that fabricated hadiths pose a significant threat to Islamic thought by distorting the meanings of the Prophet's Sunnah. It also highlights the crucial role of hadith scholars in preserving the Sunnah and distinguishing authentic hadiths. The research recommends the need to strengthen the study of hadith sciences in academic institutions and to adhere to scientific methodologies when dealing with the Prophet's hadiths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46722\/hikmah.v8i1.567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T02:59:32Z","timestamp":1742957972000},"page":"67-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a"],"prefix":"10.46722","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Abdul Fatah","family":"Danishfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmanan","family":"Aboamro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed El-Mogtaba","family":"Bannga Ahmed Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26032","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"container-title":["AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/alhikmah.my\/index.php\/hikmah\/article\/download\/567\/680","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/alhikmah.my\/index.php\/hikmah\/article\/download\/567\/680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T02:59:33Z","timestamp":1742957973000},"score":111.609215,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/alhikmah.my\/index.php\/hikmah\/article\/view\/567"}},"subtitle":["The Reasons for the Emergence of Fabricated Hadiths and Their Danger to Islamic Thought"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46722\/hikmah.v8i1.567","ISSN":["2637-0581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2637-0581","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T18:10:13Z","timestamp":1756663813801,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IIUM Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["al-Burhan JQSS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.31436\/alburhn.v9i2.368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:52:22Z","timestamp":1756662742000},"page":"258-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a"],"prefix":"10.31436","volume":"9","author":[{"family":"Danishfar Abdulfatah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6180","unstructured":"Ab\u016b al-\u1e24asan\u0101t, Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAbd al-\u1e24ayy ibn Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAbd al-\u1e24al\u012bm al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b al-Lakhnaw\u012b al-Hind\u012b. al-\u0100th\u0101r al-Marfu\u0304\u02bfah f\u012b al-Akhb\u0101r al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bfah. Ed. Mu\u1e25ammad al-Sa\u02bf\u012bd Basy\u016bn\u012b Zaghl\u016bl. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Sharq al-Jad\u012bd, n.d."},{"key":"6181","unstructured":"Ab\u016b Zahw, Mu\u1e25ammad. al-\u1e24ad\u012bth wa-al-Mu\u1e25addith\u016bn. Cairo: D\u0101r al-Fikr al-\u02bfArab\u012b, 1378 AH."},{"key":"6182","unstructured":"Ab\u016b Shuhbah, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Suwaylim. Dif\u0101\u02bf \u02bfan al-Sunnah wa-Radd Shubah al-Mustashriq\u012bn. 3rd ed. Cairo: Majma\u02bf al-Bu\u1e25\u016bth al-Isl\u0101miyyah, 1406 AH\/1985 CE."},{"key":"6183","unstructured":"\u2014\u2014\u2014. al-Was\u012b\u1e6d f\u012b \u02bfUl\u016bm wa-Mu\u1e63\u1e6dala\u1e25 al-\u1e24ad\u012bth. Cairo: D\u0101r al-Fikr al-\u02bfArab\u012b, n.d."},{"key":"6184","unstructured":"al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h. \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b. Ed. and numbered by Mu\u1e25ammad Fu\u02be\u0101d \u02bfAbd al-B\u0101q\u012b. 1st ed. [n.p.]: D\u0101r \u1e6cawq al-Naj\u0101h, 1422 AH."},{"key":"6185","unstructured":"al-Baghd\u0101d\u012b, Ab\u016b Bakr A\u1e25mad ibn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Th\u0101bit al-Kha\u1e6d\u012bb. al-J\u0101mi\u02bf li-Akhl\u0101q al-R\u0101w\u012b wa-\u0100d\u0101b al-S\u0101mi\u02bf. Ed. Ma\u1e25m\u016bd al-\u1e6ca\u1e25\u1e25\u0101n. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ma\u02bf\u0101rif, 1403 AH."},{"key":"6186","unstructured":"\u2014\u2014\u2014. al-Kif\u0101yah f\u012b \u02bfIlm al-Riw\u0101yah. Ed. Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h al-S\u016brq\u012b and Ibr\u0101h\u012bm \u1e24amd\u012b al-Madan\u012b. Medina: al-Maktabah al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, n.d."},{"key":"6187","unstructured":"al-J\u0101mi\u02bfah al-Isl\u0101miyyah bi-al-Mad\u012bnah al-Munawwarah. Majallat al-J\u0101mi\u02bfah al-Isl\u0101miyyah bi-al-Mad\u012bnah al-Munawwarah. Medina: al-J\u0101mi\u02bfah al-Isl\u0101miyyah, n.d."},{"key":"6188","unstructured":"al-Jawz\u012b, Jam\u0101l al-D\u012bn \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n ibn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad. al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bf\u0101t. Ed. \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfUthm\u0101n. 1st ed. Saudi Arabia: Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAbd al-Mu\u1e25sin, \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah bi-al-Mad\u012bnah al-Munawwarah, 1386 AH\/1966 CE."},{"key":"6189","unstructured":"al-\u1e24\u0101kim al-N\u012bs\u0101b\u016br\u012b, Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAbd All\u0101h ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u1e24amdawayh ibn Nu\u02bfaym al-\u1e0cabb\u012b al-\u1e6cahm\u0101n\u012b, known as Ibn al-Bayyi\u02bf. Ma\u02bfrifat \u02bfUl\u016bm al-\u1e24ad\u012bth. Ed. al-Sayyid Mu\u02bfa\u1e93\u1e93am \u1e24usayn. 3rd ed. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 1397 AH\/1977 CE."},{"key":"6190","unstructured":"\u1e24ash\u012bsh, \u02bfAl\u012b. Silsilat al-A\u1e25\u0101d\u012bth al-W\u0101hiyah. Digitally numbered in al-Sh\u0101milah, n.d."},{"key":"6191","unstructured":"al-\u1e24anbal\u012b, Mar\u02bf\u012b ibn Y\u016bsuf ibn Ab\u012b Bakr ibn A\u1e25mad al-Karam\u012b al-Maqdis\u012b. al-Faw\u0101\u02beid al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bfah f\u012b al-A\u1e25\u0101d\u012bth al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bfah. Ed. Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Lu\u1e6df\u012b al-\u1e62abb\u0101gh. 3rd ed. Riyadh: D\u0101r al-Warr\u0101q, 1419 AH\/1998 CE."},{"key":"6192","unstructured":"al-Dhahab\u012b, Shams al-D\u012bn Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn A\u1e25mad ibn \u02bfUthm\u0101n ibn Q\u0101ym\u0101z. Talkh\u012b\u1e63 Kit\u0101b al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bf\u0101t. Ed. Ab\u016b Tam\u012bm Y\u0101sir ibn Ibr\u0101h\u012bm ibn Mu\u1e25ammad. 1st ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1419 AH\/1998 CE."},{"key":"6193","unstructured":"al-Sib\u0101\u02bf\u012b, Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 ibn \u1e24asan\u012b. al-Sunnah wa-Mak\u0101natuh\u0101 f\u012b al-Tashr\u012b\u02bf al-Isl\u0101m\u012b. 1st ed. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Isl\u0101m\u012b, D\u0101r al-Warr\u0101q li-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawz\u012b\u02bf, 2000 CE."},{"key":"6194","unstructured":"al-Suy\u016b\u1e6d\u012b, \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n ibn Ab\u012b Bakr Jal\u0101l al-D\u012bn. al-La\u02be\u0101l\u012b al-Ma\u1e63n\u016b\u02bfah f\u012b al-A\u1e25\u0101d\u012bth al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bfah. Ed. Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n \u1e62al\u0101\u1e25 ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfUw\u012b\u1e0dah. 1st ed. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Ma\u02bfrifah, 2010 CE."},{"key":"6195","unstructured":"\u2014\u2014\u2014. Tadr\u012bb al-R\u0101w\u012b f\u012b Shar\u1e25 Taqr\u012bb al-Nawaw\u012b. Ed. Ab\u016b Qutaybah Na\u1e93ar Mu\u1e25ammad al-F\u0101r\u0101b\u012b. Saudi Arabia: D\u0101r \u1e6cayyibah, n.d."},{"key":"6196","unstructured":"al-Shaqq\u0101r\u012b, \u02bfAbd All\u0101h. al-\u0100th\u0101r al-Sayyi\u02beah li-al-Wa\u1e0d\u02bf f\u012b al-\u1e24ad\u012bth. Medina: al-J\u0101mi\u02bfah al-Isl\u0101miyyah, 2003 CE."},{"key":"6197","unstructured":"\u02bfI\u1e6dr, N\u016br al-D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad al-\u1e24alab\u012b. al-Sunnah al-Mu\u1e6dahharah wa-al-Ta\u1e25addiy\u0101t. 3rd ed. Qatar: Majallat Markaz Bu\u1e25\u016bth al-Sunnah wa-al-S\u012brah, 1408 AH\/1988 CE."},{"key":"6198","unstructured":"al-Fayr\u016bz\u0101b\u0101d\u012b, Majd al-D\u012bn Ab\u016b \u1e6c\u0101hir Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ya\u02bfq\u016bb. al-Q\u0101m\u016bs al-Mu\u1e25\u012b\u1e6d. Ed. Maktab Ta\u1e25q\u012bq al-Tur\u0101th, Mu\u02beassasat al-Ris\u0101lah. 8th ed. Beirut: Mu\u02beassasat al-Ris\u0101lah li-al-\u1e6cib\u0101\u02bfah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawz\u012b\u02bf, 1426 AH\/2005 CE."},{"key":"6199","unstructured":"al-Katt\u0101n\u012b, N\u016br al-D\u012bn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n Ibn \u02bfIr\u0101q. Tanz\u012bh al-Shar\u012b\u02bfah al-Marfu\u0304\u02bfah. Ed. \u02bfAbd al-Wahh\u0101b \u02bfAbd al-La\u1e6d\u012bf and \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad al-\u1e62idd\u012bq al-Ghum\u0101r\u012b. 1st ed. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 1399 AH."},{"key":"6200","unstructured":"Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAjj\u0101j al-Kha\u1e6d\u012bb. al-Sunnah Qabla al-Tadw\u012bn. 3rd ed. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr li-al-\u1e6cib\u0101\u02bfah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawz\u012b\u02bf, 1400 AH\/1980 CE."},{"key":"6201","unstructured":"al-Mad\u0101\u02bein\u012b, Ab\u016b \u1e24\u0101mid \u02bfIzz al-D\u012bn ibn Hibat All\u0101h ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ab\u012b al-\u1e24ad\u012bd. Shar\u1e25 Nahj al-Bal\u0101ghah. Ed. Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAbd al-Kar\u012bm al-Nimr\u012b. 1st ed. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah, 1418 AH\/1998 CE."},{"key":"6202","unstructured":"al-Maghrib\u012b, Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ja\u02bffar al-Katt\u0101n\u012b al-Idr\u012bs\u012b. al-Ris\u0101lah al-Musta\u1e6drafah li-Bay\u0101n Kutub al-Sunnah al-Musharrafah. Ed. Ab\u016b Ya\u02bfl\u0101"},{"key":"6203","unstructured":"Mull\u0101 \u02bfAl\u012b al-Q\u0101r\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad Ab\u016b al-\u1e24asan N\u016br al-D\u012bn al-Haraw\u012b. al-Asr\u0101r al-Marfu\u0304\u02bfah f\u012b al-Akhb\u0101r al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bfah al-Ma\u02bfr\u016bf bi-al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bf\u0101t al-Kubr\u0101. Ed. Mu\u1e25ammad al-\u1e62abb\u0101gh. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Am\u0101nah, Mu\u02beassasat al-Ris\u0101lah, n.d."},{"key":"6204","unstructured":"\u2014\u2014\u2014. al-Ma\u1e63n\u016b\u02bf f\u012b Ma\u02bfrifat al-\u1e24ad\u012bth al-Maw\u1e0d\u016b\u02bf. Ed. \u02bfAbd al-Fatt\u0101\u1e25 Ab\u016b Ghuddah. 2nd ed. Beirut: Mu\u02beassasat al-Ris\u0101lah, 1398 AH."}],"container-title":["AL-BURH\u0100N: JOURNAL OF QUR\u02be\u0100N AND SUNNAH STUDIES"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iium.edu.my\/al-burhan\/index.php\/al-burhan\/article\/download\/368\/252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iium.edu.my\/al-burhan\/index.php\/al-burhan\/article\/download\/368\/252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:52:30Z","timestamp":1756662750000},"score":54.430534,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iium.edu.my\/al-burhan\/index.php\/al-burhan\/article\/view\/368"}},"subtitle":["\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31436\/alburhn.v9i2.368","ISSN":["2600-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2600-8386","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T06:17:43Z","timestamp":1674886663151},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 : \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 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