{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":358995,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:02:19Z","timestamp":1789642939883,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Kabul University","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JIS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.62810\/jis.v3i1.401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:11:01Z","timestamp":1789639861000},"page":"144-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a  \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647: \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629"],"prefix":"10.62810","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a","family":"\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49489","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"8246","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645."},{"key":"8247","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c 1981\u0645."},{"key":"8248","unstructured":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0637: 3\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1414\u0647."},{"key":"8249","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c(\u062f. \u062a)."},{"key":"8250","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c 1987\u0645."},{"key":"8251","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0648 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c 2009\u0645."},{"key":"8252","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 1410\u0647."},{"key":"8253","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. (\u062f. \u062a)."},{"key":"8254","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1984\u0645."},{"key":"8255","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c (\u062f. \u062a)."},{"key":"8256","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a - \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. 1998\u0645."},{"key":"8257","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 2006\u0645."},{"key":"8258","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1952\u0645."},{"key":"8259","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c 2020\u0645."},{"key":"8260","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0637: 4\u060c 1437\u0647."},{"key":"8261","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u062c\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627 (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. (\u062f. \u062a)."},{"key":"8262","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u2013 (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 1424\u0647\u0640."},{"key":"8263","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0637: 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c 1408\u0647."},{"key":"8264","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c 2010."},{"key":"8265","unstructured":"\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u060c (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c 1420\u0647."},{"key":"8266","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1997\u0645."},{"key":"8267","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c 1999\u0645."},{"key":"8268","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1415\u0647."},{"key":"8269","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642: \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062b\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 - \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998\u0645."},{"key":"8270","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 1984\u0645."},{"key":"8271","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0637: 3\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 1198\u0645."},{"key":"8272","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1326\u0647."},{"key":"8273","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0643\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1996\u0645."},{"key":"8274","unstructured":"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 - \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 ."},{"key":"8275","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0630\u064a\u060c (\u062f. \u0637)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f. \u062a)."},{"key":"8276","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0637: 1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1980\u0645."},{"key":"8277","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0637: 3\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1420\u0647."},{"key":"8278","unstructured":"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u060c 05\/\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/1440 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 12\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/2018\u060chttps:\/\/islamqa.info\/ar\/answers\/."},{"key":"8279","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0637: 2\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c 1406\u0647."},{"key":"8280","unstructured":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c (\u062f. \u062a)."}],"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jis.edu.af\/jis\/article\/download\/401\/136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jis.edu.af\/jis\/article\/download\/401\/136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:11:14Z","timestamp":1789639874000},"score":151.58463,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jis.edu.af\/jis\/article\/view\/401"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62810\/jis.v3i1.401","ISSN":["3078-6355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3078-6355","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:46:51Z","timestamp":1712710011487},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Knowledge Bank","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bfda.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/bfda.2024.348294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T06:21:41Z","timestamp":1712643701000},"page":"1513-1580","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 - \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 - .."],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646","family":"\u0622\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0646","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bfda.journals.ekb.eg\/article_348294_b66115b29dde9f9a2c8f729bc55cdf01.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T06:31:06Z","timestamp":1712644266000},"score":70.772766,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bfda.journals.ekb.eg\/article_348294.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bfda.2024.348294","ISSN":["2812-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2812-5681","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T04:04:59Z","timestamp":1746677099916,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Knowledge Bank","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bfda.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/bfda.2025.343888.1630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T05:20:16Z","timestamp":1746595216000},"page":"737-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0640\u0647: \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0638\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bfda.journals.ekb.eg\/article_425044_3eba7282701ac1d5c2927ff37f9aa5c5.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T05:22:38Z","timestamp":1746595358000},"score":64.88149,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bfda.journals.ekb.eg\/article_425044.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bfda.2025.343888.1630","ISSN":["2812-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2812-5681","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1650872558258},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bfa.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/bfa.2014.233057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T06:52:13Z","timestamp":1650869533000},"page":"37-84","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628","family":"\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0634\u06a9\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bfa.journals.ekb.eg\/article_233057_c333c7eedb85d0a7ef29e7e1f3828bae.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T07:14:55Z","timestamp":1650870895000},"score":63.88757,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bfa.journals.ekb.eg\/article_233057.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/bfa.2014.233057","ISSN":["2785-986X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2785-986X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:34:48Z","timestamp":1702946088160},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Fallujah","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RJIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629, \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a, \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647, \u0647\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a, \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629\u064b, \u0623\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b, \u0623\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641, \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0623, \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0647\u0645, \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f, \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f, \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647, \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.\n\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f, \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647, \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b, \u0641\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0629, \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:\" \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628, \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\".<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37940\/rjis.2023.2.1.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T15:28:56Z","timestamp":1702913336000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629"],"prefix":"10.37940","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24864","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"container-title":["Researcher Journal For Islamic Sciences"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/uofrjis.net\/index.php\/new\/article\/view\/351\/203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T16:50:13Z","timestamp":1702918213000},"score":62.558662,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/uofrjis.net\/index.php\/new\/article\/view\/351"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37940\/rjis.2023.2.1.4","ISSN":["2708-4000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2708-4000","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}],"items-per-page":5,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}