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commen\u00e7ant par mentionner, comme leurs premiers repr\u00e9sentants, les quatre califes bien guid\u00e9s. Il a aussi cit\u00e9 F\u0101\u1e6dima, la fille de l\u2019Envoy\u00e9 d\u2019All\u0101h, et ses petits-fils al-\u1e24asan et al-\u1e24usayn, les princes des jeunes gens du paradis.Quant \u00e0 Ibn Nad\u012bm, dans son Fihrist, il a mentionn\u00e9 pour les soufis\u00a0: al-\u1e24asan al-Ba\u1e63r\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad b. S\u012br\u012bn, M\u0101lik b. D\u012bn\u0101r, M\u0101lik b. Anas, Sufy\u0101n al-\u1e6cawr\u012b, al-Awza\u2018\u012b et d\u2019autres encore. 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Al-Balathari, Ahmed Bin Yahya Bin Jaber, (D. 279 A.H,892A.D.)."},{"key":"51480","unstructured":"Fattouh Al-Baladin, Al-Hilal House and Books, Beirut, 1988 A.D."},{"key":"51481","unstructured":". The Nisaburi Judge, Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Muhammad known as Ibn Albaia, (D. 405 A.H,1017A.D.)."},{"key":"51482","unstructured":"Summarizing the history of Nisabur, Arabized by;, Bahman Karimi, KitabKhanna, Ibn Sina, Tehran, D. T."},{"key":"51483","unstructured":". Al-Hanbali, Taqi Al-Din Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al-Iraqi Al-Sarafini, (D. 641 A.H,1242A.D.)."},{"key":"51484","unstructured":"The election from the Book of Alsiyaq from the History of Nishabur. Investigated by; Khaled Haider, Dar Al-Fikr for printing, publishing and distribution, Beirut, 1414 A.H."},{"key":"51485","unstructured":". Al-Humairi, Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Abdul-Munim, (D. 900 A.H,1494A.D.)."},{"key":"51486","unstructured":"Al-Roudh Al-Muatar fi Khabar Alaktar, by: Ehsan Abbas, 2nd edition, Al-Nasser Foundation for Culture, Beirut, 1980 A.H."},{"key":"51487","unstructured":". Ibn Hawqal, Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad Al-Baghdadi, (D., 367 A.H,977A.D.)."},{"key":"51488","unstructured":"Land Image, Leiden, Dar Sader, Beirut, 1938 A.D."},{"key":"51489","unstructured":". Ibn Khordathiba, Ubayd Allah Bin Abdullah, (D. 280 A.H,894A.D.)."},{"key":"51490","unstructured":"The Tracts and Kingdoms, Dar Sader, Beirut, Leiden, 1889 A.D."},{"key":"51491","unstructured":". Al-Thahabi, Muhammad Bin Ahmed Bin Othman Bin Qaymaz (D. 748 A.H,1347A.D.)"},{"key":"51492","unstructured":"The history of Islam, and the death of famous people, Investigated by; Bashar Awad Maarouf, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, 2003A.D."},{"key":"51493","unstructured":"Sayr Aalam Alnublaa, Dar Al-Hadith, Cairo, 1427 A.H. - 2006 A.D."},{"key":"51494","unstructured":"- Al-Zarqani, Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Baqi Bin Yusuf Al-Maliki, (D. 1122 A.H,1122A.D.)"},{"key":"51495","unstructured":"Sharh Alzarqani Ala Almawahib Allidaniya Bilminah Almuhammadiya, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alalmiya, Beirut, 1417 A.H., 1996 A.D."},{"key":"51496","unstructured":"Al-Samani, Abdul Karim Bin Muhammad Bin Mansour (D. 562 A.H,1166A.D.).."},{"key":"51497","unstructured":"Alansab, Investigated by: Abd Al-Rahman Bin Yahya Al-Muallami Al-Yamani et al., 1st edition, Council of the Ottomani Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, 1382 A.H. - 1962 A.D."},{"key":"51498","unstructured":"- Al-Shizari, Abd al-Rahman bin Nasir Abdullah, (d. 590 AH \/ 1200 A.D)"},{"key":"51499","unstructured":"The end of the funny rank in the request for the honorable calculation, The Committee for Authorship, Translation and Publishing, D.T."},{"key":"51500","unstructured":"Ibn Al-Faqih Al-Hamdani, Ahmed Bin Muhammad Bin Ishaq (D. 365 A.H,.957A.D)."},{"key":"51501","unstructured":"Albuldan, Investigated by; Youssef El-Hadi, Aalam Alkitab, Beirut, 1996A.D."},{"key":"51502","unstructured":"- Al-Qurashi, Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmed Bin Abi Zaid Bin Alokhwa, (D. 729 A.H,1328A.D.)."},{"key":"51503","unstructured":"Maalim Alqurba Fi Talab Alhisba, Dar Al Funoon, Cambridge, D.T."},{"key":"51504","unstructured":"Al-Qazwini, Zakaria Mohammed Mahmoud, (D. 681 A.H,1282A.D.).."},{"key":"51505","unstructured":"Country Monuments and Abad News, Dar Sader, Beirut, D.T."},{"key":"51506","unstructured":"Ibn Katheer, Abu Al-Fida 'Isma`il Bin Umar, (D. 774 A.H, ,1372A.D.)."},{"key":"51507","unstructured":"Albidaya Wal Nihaya, Investigated by: Abdullah Abdel Mohsen, Dar Al-Hijrah for Printing and Publishing, 2003 A.D."},{"key":"51508","unstructured":"Alfusool Fi Alseerah, Investigated by: Muhammad Al-Eid Al-Khatrawi and Muhi Al-Din Misto, 3rd edition, The Institute of Quranic Sciences, 1403 A.H."},{"key":"51509","unstructured":"Ibn Maja, Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Qazwini, (D. 273 A.H,888A.D)"},{"key":"51510","unstructured":"Sinan Ibn Maja, T. Mohammed Fouad Abdel Baki, Arab Heritage Revival House, Faisal Issa Al-Babi al-Halabi, Beirut, D.T."},{"key":"51511","unstructured":"Anonymous, authored, (D.After 372 A.H,983A.D.)"},{"key":"51512","unstructured":"The borders of the world from the East to Morocco, under: Youssef Al-Hadi, Dar Al-Thaqafia for publication, Cairo, 1423 A.H"},{"key":"51513","unstructured":"Al-Masry, Abdul-Aziz Bin Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Juma Al-Hamwi Al-Dimashqi (D. 767 A.H,1366A.D.)."},{"key":"51514","unstructured":"Almukhtasar Alkabeer Fi serat Alrasool, may God bless him and grant him peace, Investigated by: Sami Makki Al-Ani, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Bashir, Amman, 1993 A.D."},{"key":"51515","unstructured":"Al-Maqdisi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Bashari, (D, 375 A.H,985A.D)."},{"key":"51516","unstructured":"Best Shares in Knowledge of Regions, Leiden, Sader House, Beirut, Madbouly Library, Cairo, 1991 AD \/ 1411 A.H."},{"key":"51517","unstructured":"Ibn Manzur, Muhammad Bin Makram Bin Ali (D. 711 A.H,1311A.D.)."},{"key":"51518","unstructured":"- Arabes tongs, 3rd edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 1414 A.H."},{"key":"51519","unstructured":". Ibn Naqta, Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Ghani Bin Abi Bakr Bin Shujaa Al-Hanbali Al-Baghdadi (D. 629 A.H,1231A.D.),"},{"key":"51520","unstructured":"Ekmal Alekmal, Investigated by: Abd Al-Qayyum, 1st Edition, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, 1410 A.H."},{"key":"51521","unstructured":"- Yaqout Al-Hamwi, Shihab Al-Din Abu Abdullah Yaqut Bin Abdullah Al-Roumi, (D. 626 A.H,1228A.D.)"},{"key":"51522","unstructured":"The Glossary of Countries, 2nd edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 1995 A.D."},{"key":"51523","unstructured":"- Al-Yamani, Nashwan Bin Saeed Al-Hamiri, (D. 573 A.H,1171A.D.)"},{"key":"51524","unstructured":"Shams Al-Uloom Wa Dawaa Kalam Alarab Min Al-Kloom, Investigated by: Hussain Bin Abdullah Al-Omari, Mutahar Bin Ali Al-Iryani and Youssef Muhammad Abdullah, 1st edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Muasir, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, 1420 A.H., 1999 A.D."},{"key":"51525","unstructured":"- Al-Yaqoubi, Ahmed Bin Ishaq Bin Jaafar, (died after 292 A.H,904A.D.)"},{"key":"51526","unstructured":"Albuldan, Scientific Books House, Beirut, 1422 A.H"},{"key":"51527","unstructured":"Secondly: References:"},{"key":"51528","unstructured":"-Al-Talisi, Bashir Ramadan and Jamal Hashem Al-Thuaib"},{"key":"51529","unstructured":"History of the Arab-Islamic Civilization, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Madar, Beirut, 2006 A.D."},{"key":"51530","unstructured":"Al-Hadithi, Qahtan Abdul Sattar"},{"key":"51531","unstructured":"The famous quarters of Khorasan, a study of its geographical, administrative and economic conditions until the end of the fourth century AH, Dar Al-Hikma Press, Basra, 1990 AD."},{"key":"51532","unstructured":"- Hassan, Hassan Ibrahim."},{"key":"51533","unstructured":"The Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islamic History, 4th edition, The Egyptian Renaissance Library, Cairo; Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut, 1416 A.H. - 1996 A.D."},{"key":"51534","unstructured":"- Dozy, Reinhart"},{"key":"51535","unstructured":"Completion of Arabic Dictionaries, Translated by; Muhammad Salim Al-Nuaimi and Jamal Al-Khayyat, 1st edition, Iraqi Ministry of Culture and Information, Baghdad, 1979 A.D., 2000 A.D."},{"key":"51536","unstructured":"Al-Sayeh, Ahmed Abdel-Rahim"},{"key":"51537","unstructured":"Confronting the intellectual invasion is a Islamic necessity, Al-Kitab Center for Publishing, Cairo, D.T"},{"key":"51538","unstructured":"Omar, Ahmed Mukhtar Abdel Hamid"},{"key":"51539","unstructured":"The Linguistic Dictionary of Righteousness, The World of the Book, Cairo, 1429 A.H, 2008 A.D"},{"key":"51540","unstructured":"The Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic Language, Dar Al-Kitab, Beirut, 1429 A.H, 2008 A.D"},{"key":"51541","unstructured":". Al-Qahtani, Saeed Bin Ali Bin Wahf,"},{"key":"51542","unstructured":"Adhan and Residence in the Light of the hole Qur\u2019an and Sunnah , Safir Press, Riyadh, 1420 A. H."},{"key":"51543","unstructured":"Zakat in Islam in the light of the Qur\u2019an and Sunnah, 3rd Edition, Daawa and Guidance Center, Al-Qasab, 1431 A.H., 2010 A.D."},{"key":"51544","unstructured":". Mahasna, Muhammad Hussein,"},{"key":"51545","unstructured":"Light on the History of the Sciences of Muslims, 1st edition, Dar Alkitab Aljamei, Al-Ain, 2000 A.D."},{"key":"51546","unstructured":"Thirdly: Theses and University Dissertation:"},{"key":"51547","unstructured":"Al Hayani, Saad Abdel Halim Thu Al-Noon"},{"key":"51548","unstructured":"The effect of Islam on the social life in Khrasan until the end of the fourth century A.H., Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, College of Arts, Anbar University, 2018."},{"key":"51549","unstructured":"Al-Dulaimi, Alaa Matar Tayeh Shihab."},{"key":"51550","unstructured":"Scientific Families in Khrasan and its Political and Civilizational Role in the Fourth and Fifth Hijri Centuries, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation submitted to the Council of the College of Arts, Anbar University, 2016 A.D."},{"key":"51551","unstructured":"Al-Sunaidi, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah"},{"key":"51552","unstructured":"Dialogue of Civilizations - A Nodal Study in the Light of the hole Qur\u2019an and Sunnah, Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Islamic Culture, College of Education, King Saud University, 1430A.H."},{"key":"51553","unstructured":"Damrah, Maen Mahmoud Othman"},{"key":"51554","unstructured":"Dialogue in the hole Qur\u2019an, Unpublished Master Thesis, College of Graduate studies ,at An Nagah National University, 1426 A.H - 2005 A.D."},{"key":"51555","unstructured":"Al-Ani, Wafa Muhammad Sahab."},{"key":"51556","unstructured":"Universal Cortoba Mosque and its civilization role 92 A.H. - 633 A.D. \/ 711 A.H. - 1236, Unpublished Master Thesis, College of Arts, Anbar University, 1428 A.H. - 2007 A.D."},{"key":"51557","unstructured":"-Al-Omar, Nawal Nazim Mahmoud"},{"key":"51558","unstructured":"The scientific movement in Khrasan in the fourth and fifth Hijri centuries, Unpublished Doctoral thesis, College of Education - Ibn Rushd, University of Baghdad, 1416 A.H 1996 A.D."},{"key":"51559","unstructured":"Fourthly:Journals and periodicals:"},{"key":"51560","unstructured":"Al-Riyami, Taher Ahmed Mohammed"},{"key":"51561","unstructured":"Dialogue of Civilizations, Andalus Journal of Human and Social Sciences, Issue 12, Volume 15, October, 2016 A.D."},{"key":"51562","unstructured":"The Egyptian, Jamil Abdullah Mohammed"},{"key":"51563","unstructured":"Tartous, a page from the jihad of Muslims in Al-Thaghur, Journal of the Islamic University, Seventy-seventh and Seventy-eighth, Medina, Muharram, Jumadi al-Akher, 1408 AH \/ 1988AD."},{"key":"51564","unstructured":"Mustfa ,Husain Ibrahim Mohammed and Hatam Fahad Hana"},{"key":"51565","unstructured":"Nisapur city plans in the the third and fourth centuries of Migration"},{"key":"51566","unstructured":"th the and 10th of the brith in the light of geographical sourcesand the baldans , Journal of Al Frahedis Arts \u2013Number 29 (2017).."}],"container-title":["Journal of Tikrit University for 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