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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0637\u0631\u064e \u062e\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u064e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 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\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0650\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1878\u0645\u061b \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064f\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064c \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.29117\/ansaq.2022.0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T06:12:05Z","timestamp":1673417525000},"page":"123-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1866-1878\u0645"],"prefix":"10.29117","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f","family":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11655","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1. \u0100l Th\u0101n\u012b, Kh\u0101lid b. Mu\u1e25ammad b. Gh\u0101nim b. 'Al\u012b. Al\u1e25il\u012b al-D\u0101n\u012b f\u012b S\u012brat al-Shaykh 'Al\u012b \u1fb9l Th\u0101n\u012b. (in Arabic), Doha, 2009 AD."},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"2. ---. Mudawwan\u0101t al-Usrah al-\u1e24\u0101kimah f\u012b Qa\u1e6dar. (in Arabic), Doha, 2016 AD."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"3. \u0100l Th\u0101n\u012b, N\u0101\u1e63ir b. 'Al\u012b b. A\u1e25mad. Lama\u1e25\u0101t min T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar: Riw\u0101yat al-Shaykh Mu\u1e25ammad b. A\u1e25mad b. Mu\u1e25ammad \u0100l Th\u0101n\u012b. (in Arabic), Dubai, 2006 AD."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"4. \u0100l Th\u0101n\u012b, Sa'\u016bd b. Mu\u1e25ammad b. \u1e24asan al-'Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n. I'l\u0101m min Qa\u1e6dar. (in Arabic), Oman, 2010 AD."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"5. Al-'Ann\u0101n\u012b, A\u1e25mad. al-Ma'\u0101lim al-As\u0101s\u012byyah li T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar al-\u1e24ad\u012bth. (in Arabic), Lajnat Tadw\u012bn T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar, Doha: Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' D\u0101r al-'Ul\u016bm, 1976 AD."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"6. ---. Judh\u016br al-\u1e24\u0101\u1e0dir al-Khal\u012bj\u012b. (in Arabic), D\u0101r al-Mutanabb\u012b, Doha, 1982 AD."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"7. Al-'Aqq\u0101d, \u1e62al\u0101\u1e25. al-Tayy\u0101r\u0101t al-Siy\u0101s\u012byyah f\u012b Khal\u012bj al-'Arab\u012b. (in Arabic), al-Ma\u1e6dba'at al-Fann\u012byyah, Cairo, 1974 AD."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"8. Al-'Uthm\u0101n, N\u0101\u1e63ir Mu\u1e25ammad. al-Saw\u0101'id al-Sumur: Qi\u1e63\u1e63at al-Nif\u1e6d f\u012b Qa\u1e6dar. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' al-Sharq, Doha, 1983 AD."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"9. Al-'\u1fb9bid, F\u016b'\u0101d Sa'\u012bd. Siy\u0101sat Bir\u012b\u1e6d\u0101n\u012by\u0101 f\u012b al-Khal\u012bj al-'Arab\u012b 1853-1914. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' Dh\u0101t al-Sal\u0101sil, kuwayt, 1984 AD."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"10. Al-Bu\u1e25ayr\u012b, \u1e62al\u0101\u1e25. Jaw\u0101nib min Jughr\u0101f\u012byyat Qa\u1e6dar. (in Arabic), Jordan, 1976 AD."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"11. Al-Dabb\u0101gh, Mu\u1e63taf\u0101 Mur\u0101d. Qa\u1e6dar M\u0101\u1e0d\u012bh\u0101 wa \u1e24\u0101\u1e0diruh\u0101. (in Arabic), D\u0101r al-\u1e6culay'ah, Beirut, 1961 AD."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"12. Al-Dar\u016bb\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad Ma\u1e25m\u016bd. al-Shaykh 'Abd All\u0101h b. Q\u0101sim \u1fb9l Th\u0101n\u012b. (in Arabic), Ar\u016bqah, Jordan, 2014 AD."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"13. Al-\u1e24usayn\u012b, 'Abd All\u0101h. Qa\u1e6dar Wa Tharwatuh\u0101 al-Nif\u1e6d\u012byyah. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' Majallat al-'Ahd, Doha,1984 AD."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"14. Al-J\u0101bir, Mawzah Sul\u1e6d\u0101n. al-Ta\u1e6dawwur al-Iqti\u1e63\u0101d\u012b wa al-Ijtim\u0101'\u012b f\u012b Qa\u1e6dar 1930-1973. (in Arabic), D\u0101r al-Sharq lil \u1e6cib\u0101'ah, Doha, 2002 AD."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"15. Al-Khulayf\u012b, Y\u016bsuf 'Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n. \"T\u0101r\u012bkh Sharq al-Jaz\u012brah al-'Arab\u012byyah\". (in Arabic), Mu'tamar Dir\u0101s\u0101t T\u0101r\u012bkh Sharq al-Jaz\u012brah al-'Arab\u012byyah, Itti\u1e25\u0101d al-Mu'arrikh\u012bn al-'Arab, Doha, Lajnat Tadw\u012bn T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar, 1976 AD."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"16. Al-Khu\u1e63\u016b\u1e63\u012b, Badr al-D\u012bn 'Abb\u0101s. Dir\u0101s\u0101t f\u012b T\u0101r\u012bkh al-Khal\u012bj al-'Arab\u012b. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6dba'at Dh\u0101t al-Sal\u0101sil, kuwayt, 1988 AD."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"17. Al-Man\u1e63\u016br, 'Abd al-Az\u012bz Mu\u1e25ammad. al-Ta\u1e6dawwur al-S\u012by\u0101s\u012b li Qa\u1e6dar 1868-1916. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' Dh\u0101t al-Sal\u0101sil, kuwayt, 1980 AD."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"18. Al-Nabah\u0101n\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad b. Khal\u012bfah. al-Tu\u1e25fah al-Naba\u1e25\u0101n\u012byyah f\u012b T\u0101r\u012bkh al-Jaz\u012brah al-'Arab\u012byyah. (in Arabic), D\u0101r I\u1e25y\u0101' al-'Ul\u016bm, Beirut,1999 AD."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"19. Al-Qa\u1e25\u1e6d\u0101n\u012b, 'Abd al-Q\u0101dir b. \u1e24amm\u016bd. Dir\u0101s\u0101t f\u012b T\u0101r\u012bkh al-Khal\u012bj al-'Arab\u012b al-\u1e24ad\u012bth wa al-Mu'\u0101\u1e63ir. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' R\u012bn\u016bd al-\u1e24ad\u012bthah, Doha, 2008 AD."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"20. Al-\u1e62arr\u0101f, Ma\u1e25m\u016bd \u1e24asan. Ta\u1e6dawwur Qa\u1e6dar al-Siy\u0101s\u012b wa al-Ijtim\u0101'\u012b f\u012b 'Ahd al-Shaykh Q\u0101sim b. Mu\u1e25ammad \u0100l Th\u0101n\u012b. (in Arabic), Cairo, 1980 AD."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"21. Al-Shalaq, A\u1e25mad Zakariyy\u0101, wa 'Aq\u012bl, Mu\u1e63taf\u0101, wa al-'Abd All\u0101h, Y\u016bsuf Ibr\u0101h\u012bm. Ta\u1e6dawwur Qa\u1e6dar al-S\u012by\u0101s\u012b-min Nash'at al-Im\u0101rah \u1e24att\u0101 Istiql\u0101l al-Dawlah. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' R\u012bn\u016bd al-\u1e24ad\u012bthah, Doha, 2006 AD."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"22. Al-Shaml\u0101n, Sayf Marz\u016bq. \"al-Ghaw\u1e63 'An al-L\u016b'l\u016b' f\u012b Qa\u1e6dar\". (in Arabic), Mu'tamar Dir\u0101s\u0101t T\u0101r\u012bkh Sharq al-Jazirah al-'Arab\u012byyah, Mujallad 2, Itti\u1e25\u0101d al-Mu'rrikh\u012bn al-'Arab, Doha, Lajnat Tadw\u012bn T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar, 1976 AD."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"23. Al-Shayb\u0101n\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad Shar\u012bf. Im\u0101rat Qa\u1e6dar al-'Arab\u012byyah Bayn al-M\u0101\u1e0d\u012b wa al-\u1e24\u0101\u1e0dir. (in Arabic), D\u0101r al-Thaq\u0101fah, Beirut, 1962 AD."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"24. Al-T\u0101jir, Mu\u1e25ammad 'Al\u012b. 'Aqd al-L\u0101l f\u012b T\u0101r\u012bkh Aw\u0101l. (in Arabic), Mu'assasat al-Ayy\u0101m lil Tib\u0101'ah wa al-\u1e62i\u1e25\u0101fah wa al-Nashr, Bahrain, 1994 AD."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"25. Al-Tam\u012bm\u012b, 'Al\u012b 'Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n Ab\u0101 \u1e24usayn. \"Mak\u0101nat al-Ba\u1e25rayn, f\u012b al-T\u0101r\u012bkh al-Isl\u0101m\u012b\". (in Arabic), Majallat al-Wath\u012bqah. (1993 AD): Vol. 44-74."},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"26. Al-Tam\u012bm\u012b, Ab\u012b Mu\u1e25ammad Ibr\u0101h\u012bm J\u0101r All\u0101h b. Dukhnah. al-Ma'\u0101\u1e0d\u012bd wa Qa\u1e6dar: T\u0101r\u012bkh wa Nasab wa \u1e24a\u1e0d\u0101rah. (in Arabic), Kuwait, 1999 AD."},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"27. Dhiy\u0101b, Mu\u1e25ammad 'Abd All\u0101h. Dawlat Qa\u1e6dar: Dir\u0101sat li \u1e92ur\u016bf al-B\u012b'ah al-\u1e6cab\u012b'\u012byyah wa 'Al\u0101q\u0101tuh\u0101. (in Arabic), D\u0101r al-Fikr al-'Arab\u012b, Cairo, 2001 AD."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"28. Ibr\u0101h\u012bm 'Abd al-'Az\u012bz 'Abd al-Ghan\u012b. Qa\u1e6dar al-\u1e24a\u012bthah: Qir\u0101'ah f\u012b Wath\u0101'iq Sanaw\u0101t Nash'at Im\u0101rat \u0101l-Th\u0101n\u012b. (in Arabic), al-S\u0101q\u012b lil Nashr wa al-Tawz\u012b', London, 2003 AD."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"29. L\u016br\u012bmar, J. J. Dal\u012bl al-Khal\u012bj al-Qism al-T\u0101r\u012bkh\u012b. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6d\u0101bi' 'Ali b. 'Al\u012b, Doha, 1975 AD."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"30. Riy\u0101\u1e0d, Mu\u1e25ammad. \"Mudun al-Khal\u012bj wa Ta\u1e6dawwuruh\u0101 wa Mushkil\u0101tuh\u0101 al-Mu'\u0101\u1e63irah\". (in Arabic), \u1e24awl\u012byyat Kull\u012byyat al-Ins\u0101n\u012by\u0101h wa al-'Ul\u016bm al-Ijtim\u0101'\u012byyah, J\u0101mi'at Qa\u1e6dar, 1980 AD, pp. 77-115."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"31. Sin\u0101n, Ma\u1e25m\u016bd Bahjat. T\u0101r\u012bkh Qa\u1e6dar al-'\u1fb9m. (in Arabic), Ma\u1e6dba'at al-Ma'\u0101rif, Baghdad, 1966 AD."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"32. I.O.R.\/15\/1\/12. \"Qatar-Bahrain War (1867-1868 AD)\"."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"33. I.O.R.\/15\/2\/26. 12 September 1868 AD."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"34. I.O.R\/15\/1\/18. 11 June 1873 AD."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"35. I.O.R\/15\/1\/74. 27 October 1873 AD."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36. I.O.R\/15\/1\/74. 16 September 1876 AD.","DOI":"10.25291\/VR\/15-VLR-74"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"37. I.O.R\/15\/1\/77\/very series. 3 February 1877 AD."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"38. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 2013\u0645."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"39. \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 2009\u0645."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"40. ---. \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 2016\u0645."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"41. \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010\u0645."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"42. \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c 2006\u0645."},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"43. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 1976\u0645."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"44. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 1994\u0645."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"45. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0636\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1999\u0645."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"46. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u00ab\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c 1993\u0645\u060c 44-77."},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"47. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 1930-1973\u0645. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 2002\u0645."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"48. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 1984\u0645."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"49. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1988\u0645."},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"50. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 1976\u0645."},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"51. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1961\u0645."},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"52. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2014\u0645."},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"53. \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001\u0645."},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"54. \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u00ab\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u00bb. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 1980\u0645\u060c 77-115."},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"55. \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1966\u0645."},{"key":"ref55","unstructured":"56. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 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