{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":319618,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T14:40:36Z","timestamp":1686494436428},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["fraz.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/fraz.2018.6818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T03:57:13Z","timestamp":1526270233000},"page":"831-882","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"container-title":["\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0642"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/fraz.journals.ekb.eg\/article_6818_c2afdddf128d16ceecd6d4b89698d947.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T14:20:58Z","timestamp":1686493258000},"score":130.65034,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fraz.journals.ekb.eg\/article_6818.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/fraz.2018.6818","ISSN":["2535-2008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2535-2008","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1782917446825,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Knowledge Bank","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["fisb.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/fisb.2026.512992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:04:53Z","timestamp":1782914693000},"page":"571-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/fisb.journals.ekb.eg\/article_512992_f7caaf919f2d7ecb3eafb6f2db195f95.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:06:32Z","timestamp":1782914792000},"score":59.576576,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fisb.journals.ekb.eg\/article_512992.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/fisb.2026.512992","ISSN":["2812-5274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2812-5274","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:58:51Z","timestamp":1658897931947},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["dram.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/dram.2022.249485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T13:46:13Z","timestamp":1658843173000},"page":"659-706","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0631\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dram.journals.ekb.eg\/article_249485_66c155fb75427af7a0a3b9d5ac3bc1b7.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T14:02:10Z","timestamp":1658844130000},"score":54.46066,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dram.journals.ekb.eg\/article_249485.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/dram.2022.249485","ISSN":["2785-9517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2785-9517","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:56:47Z","timestamp":1790528207430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Manar Elsharq for Studies and Research","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MEJLJS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a (\u062a 1413\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u00ab\u062b\u0642\u0629\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631.\r\n\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a (\u062a 1413\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u00ab\u062b\u0642\u0629\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631.\r\n\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.56961\/mejljs.v6i3.1711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:11:02Z","timestamp":1790525462000},"page":"554-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f"],"prefix":"10.56961","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631","family":"\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0644","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u062f. \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a","family":"\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36489","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/meijournals.com\/ara\/index.php\/mejljs\/article\/download\/2026-08-24\/1612","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meijournals.com\/ara\/index.php\/mejljs\/article\/download\/2026-08-24\/1612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:11:03Z","timestamp":1790525463000},"score":53.382328,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/meijournals.com\/ara\/index.php\/mejljs\/article\/view\/2026-08-24"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56961\/mejljs.v6i3.1711","ISSN":["2788-4694","2710-2211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2788-4694","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2710-2211","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T14:40:50Z","timestamp":1686494450576},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["jfar.journals.ekb.eg"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.21608\/jfar.2018.27029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T09:56:13Z","timestamp":1550483773000},"page":"2405-2510","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21608\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u0639\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644"],"prefix":"10.21608","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","family":"\u0639\u0644\u064a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"container-title":["\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637"],"language":"ar","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jfar.journals.ekb.eg\/article_27029_616b4bb63536c59ad23f00a2dbf30886.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T14:18:40Z","timestamp":1686493120000},"score":52.752098,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jfar.journals.ekb.eg\/article_27029.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jfar.2018.27029","ISSN":["2636-2791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2636-2791","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]}}],"items-per-page":5,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}