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However, no complete mitochondrial genome has been reported for this genus, leaving its mitogenomic characteristics and evolutionary patterns unclear. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the first complete mitogenome of\n                    <jats:italic>Acytolepis puspa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the type species of the genus. The circular double\u2010stranded mitogenome is 15,511\u2009bp in length and comprises 13 protein\u2010coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and one A\u2009+\u2009T\u2010rich control region, exhibiting a typical gene content and organization conserved in Lepidoptera. Comparative analyses of Polyommatinae mitogenomes revealed pronounced heterogeneity in evolutionary rates among PCGs, with\n                    <jats:italic>ND6<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ND3<\/jats:italic>\n                    showing relatively high nucleotide diversity, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most conserved gene. Selection pressure analyses indicated that all PCGs are evolving under purifying selection, with\n                    <jats:italic>ATP8<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ND6<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibiting relatively relaxed selective constraints compared to other genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated mitochondrial PCGs using both Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods produced identical and well\u2010supported topologies, recovering\n                    <jats:italic>A. puspa<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the sister taxon to\n                    <jats:italic>Celastrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    species within Polyommatinae. Overall, this study provides the first mitogenomic resource for\n                    <jats:italic>Acytolepis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , enriches mitochondrial molecular markers for lycaenid butterflies, and contributes new insights into mitogenome evolution and phylogenetic relationships within Polyommatinae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T23:19:54Z","timestamp":1774826394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Common Hedge Blue\n                    <i>Acytolepis puspa<\/i>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), and Comparative Genomic Analysis Within Polyommatinae"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Muyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Qufu Normal 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Threat. Taxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This is the first complete documentation of the early stages of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea, the subspecies from southern India, with the first record of the larval host plant Cycas circinalis, and a comparison with the early stages of Acytolepis puspa felderi Toxopeus, 1927, a sympatric and similar species, highlighting the notable differences.\u00a0 The significant differences noted in the early stages of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea with that of A. puspa are the difference in ornamentation of eggs, more fluffy, blue shaded and less hairy larvae and more elongated\u00a0 pupae.\u00a0 No previous record of the early stages of any of the subspecies of Acytolepis lilacea Hampson, 1889 is available.\u00a0 Preliminary observations regarding the flight period and seasonal varriations of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea, from Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India, are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11609\/jott.5425.12.13.16861-16867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T14:46:47Z","timestamp":1601131607000},"page":"16861-16867","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A first complete documentation of the early stages of  Hampson\u2019s Hedge Blue Acytolepis lilacea lilacea Hampson, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India"],"prefix":"10.11609","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3385-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"V.K. Chandrasekharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Muhamed Jafer Palot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4876","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"81867","unstructured":"Bingham, C.R. (1907). The Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Vol. 2. Taylor and Francis Ltd, London, 325pp."},{"key":"81868","unstructured":"Cantlie, K. (1963). The Lycaenidae portion (except Arhopala group) of Brigadier Evans\u2019 The identification of Indian Butterflies 1932: 42pp."},{"key":"81869","unstructured":"Evans, W.H. (1932). The identification of Indian Butterflies 2nd Edition, Bombay Natural History Society. Mumbai, 221pp."},{"key":"81870","unstructured":"Evans,W.H.(1953). A note on the Indian species of the Genus Lycaenopsis (Felder). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 51: 755."},{"key":"81871","unstructured":"Eliot, J.N. & A. Kawazoe (1983). Blue butterflies of the Lycaenopsis group. \u00a9 Trustees of the British Museum(Natural History), 309pp."},{"key":"81872","unstructured":"Gaonkar, H. (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats with notes on those of Sri Lanka. Report to Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen and Natural History Museum, London, 89pp."},{"key":"81873","unstructured":"Hampson, G.F. (1888). The butterflies of the Nilgiri District, south India. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 57: 346\u2013368."},{"key":"81874","unstructured":"Kunte, K., K.S. Sondhi & P. Roy (chief editors) (2019). Acytolepis lilacea (Hampson, 1889) \u2013 Lilac Hedge Blue. Butterflies of India, v.2.61. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. http:\/\/www.ifoundbutterflies.org\/sp\/890\/Acytolepis lilacea. Accessed on 03 July 2019."},{"key":"81875","unstructured":"Larsen, T.B. (1987). The butterflies of the Nilgiri mountains of southern India (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 84(1): 26\u201354; 84(2): 291\u2013316; 84(3): 560\u2013584."},{"key":"81876","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitin, R., V.C. Balakrishnan, P.V. Churi, S. Kalesh, S. Prakash & K. Kunte (2018). Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(4): 11495\u201311550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11609\/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550.","DOI":"10.11609\/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550"},{"key":"81877","unstructured":"Swinhoe, C. (1910). Lepidoptera Indica 7: Rhopalocera,Family Papilionidae and Family Lycaenidae, Lovell Reeve and Co.Limited.London (1905-1910), 210\u2013211pp."},{"key":"81878","unstructured":"Toxopeus, L.J. (1926). Lycaenidae Australasiae 1. New investigations on the Genus Lycaenopsis Felder. Treubia 8: 365\u2013375."}],"container-title":["Journal of Threatened Taxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/index.php\/JoTT\/article\/download\/5425\/6991","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/index.php\/JoTT\/article\/download\/5425\/6991","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T14:46:52Z","timestamp":1601131612000},"score":10.616369,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/threatenedtaxa.org\/index.php\/JoTT\/article\/view\/5425"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11609\/jott.5425.12.13.16861-16867","ISSN":["0974-7907","0974-7893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"0974-7907"},{"type":"print","value":"0974-7893"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]}}],"items-per-page":10,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}