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With recent sampling extending the known range of Amphisopus and the recorded possibility of an undescribed species, this study aimed to examine genetic species boundaries and to detect additional species diversity. Isopods were sampled from across the range, and genetic structure was examined using mtDNA sequence data from a COI fragment and data from ten polymorphic allozyme loci. While allozyme data supported the clear separation of the known species, phylogenetic analyses presented three divergent monophyletic, geographically restricted clades occurring in the western, eastern and central parts of the Amphisopus distribution. These corresponded to A. annectans, A. lintoni and an undescribed species, respectively. The latter\u2019s status was supported by its phylogenetic position relative to the known species and by the extent of differentiation observed among other phreatoicidean taxa. As with other taxa from the region, divergence times among these three species supported aridity in the Miocene\u2013Pliocene as a driver of diversification, and suggested the existence of wetter refugial areas in south-western Australia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is12043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T00:47:45Z","timestamp":1369356465000},"page":"173-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular species boundaries in the phreatoicidean genus Amphisopus (Isopoda : Amphisopidae) and evidence for a new freshwater isopod species from Western Australia"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gavin","family":"Gouws","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASouth African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa."},{"name":"BSchool of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. 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