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Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102623"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:34:18Z","timestamp":1791488058926,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carl Tryggers stiftelse","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"Carl Tryggers stiftelse","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"Carl Tryggers stiftelse","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"L\u00e4ngmanska kulturfonden","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"L\u00e4ngmanska kulturfonden","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"L\u00e4ngmanska kulturfonden","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"The Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"The Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"The Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"ESGBOR (the European Study Group on Lyme Borrelioses)","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"ESGBOR (the European Study Group on Lyme Borrelioses)","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"ESGBOR (the European Study Group on Lyme Borrelioses)","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"VectorNet","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"VectorNet","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"VectorNet","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]},{"name":"European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC)","award":["BA 20-1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA 20-1831"]}]},{"name":"European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC)","award":["2022-425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-425"]}]},{"name":"European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC)","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Soprano pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, is a common species in large parts of Sweden. Many of its natural habitats are near human habitations. This creates opportunities for ticks infesting these bats to encounter humans and possibly transmit zoonotic pathogens by tick bites. The bats are often infested with Carios vespertilionis, a tick species that, in addition to bats, has been recorded to bite humans on occasion. This study aimed to investigate if C. vespertilionis acts as a reservoir for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, and species of Babesia and Rickettsia and to improve currently used conventional PCR protocols for molecular species determination of Rickettsia spp. Ninety-two C. vespertilionis ticks were collected from underneath a bat-box harbouring P. pygmaeus. Pathogen-specific PCR assays showed that 58.4% were positive for Rickettsia spp. and negative for the other pathogens analysed. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the species belong to R. parkeri, R. conorii, R. slovaca, R. sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae, R. rickettsii, and a hitherto uncultured Rickettsia sp. Several of these species are considered pathogenic to humans. Given the ecology and behaviour of C. vespertilionis, it may be a vector of these rickettsiae among bats and occasionally humans. To determine the Rickettsia species with certainty, and to determine if C. vespertilionis may be a reservoir and vector of the Rickettsia spp., further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T02:52:02Z","timestamp":1675219922000},"page":"357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["First Records of Possibly Human Pathogenic Rickettsia Species in Bat Ticks, Carios vespertilionis, in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Tompa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G. T.","family":"Jaenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilhelmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, 553 05 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.12.004","article-title":"Bats as \u2018special\u2019 reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens","volume":"23","author":"Brook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ahl\u00e9n, I. 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To further improve our knowledge on ticks parasitising bats, healthy and sick bats in central Germany were examined for ticks. In total 519 larvae and one nymph of <jats:italic>Carios vespertilionis<\/jats:italic> were collected from nine bat species: <jats:italic>Eptesicus nilssonii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eptesicus serotinus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Myotis daubentonii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Myotis myotis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nyctalus leisleri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pipistrellus nathusii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pipistrellus pygmaeus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pipistrellus pipistrellus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Vespertilio murinus<\/jats:italic>. Either the presence of <jats:italic>C. vespertilionis<\/jats:italic> was new for some areas or it was confirmed in some federal states in central Germany. The infestation rate was mostly low (n\u2009=\u20091\u20135 larvae\/bat). However, in two cases a high number of ticks was observed. The highest infestation of 97\u00a0<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vespertilionis<\/jats:italic> larvae was recorded on one Parti-coloured bat (<jats:italic>V. murinus<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-023-00822-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T17:02:21Z","timestamp":1690477341000},"page":"89-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distribution of the soft tick Carios vespertilionis in lowlands and low mountain regions of Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Fritzsche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zaenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannis","family":"Gottwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Zaenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Br\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Chitimia-Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"822_CR1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"British ticks","author":"DR Arthur","year":"1963","unstructured":"Arthur DR (1963) British ticks. 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All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101688"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:00:34Z","timestamp":1789909234095,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002805","name":"Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f\u00f6r Vetenskaplig Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003788","name":"Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008584","name":"Stiftelsen L\u00e4ngmanska Kulturfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006285","name":"Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010805","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det i Syd\u00f6stra Sverige","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["931010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["931010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009753","name":"Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6pings l\u00e4ns","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Division of Laboratory Medicine"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Division of Laboratory Medicine"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bat tick Cariosvespertilionis has been reported from Sweden to occasionally feed on humans resulting in disease symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate C. vespertilionis as a potential vector and reservoir of Borrelia species. In 2015 and 2018 in south-central Sweden, C. vespertilionis ticks were collected from a wooden bat box harboring Soprano pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus pygmaeus. In addition, one C. vespertilionis tick found inside a house in southern Sweden in 2019 was collected. Ticks were screened for Borrelia spp. using a genus-specific quantitative PCR assay. The Borrelia species of the positive specimens were determined by conventional PCR followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 24% (22 of 92) of the analyzed C. vespertilionis ticks were Borrelia-positive. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the bacteria belong to the relapsing fever group of borreliae; some of them appear to be identical with Borrelia sp. CPB1, a spirochete only found twice before\u2014in the United Kingdom and in France. Our results also indicate a temporal and spatial distribution of this Borrelia species. Since C. vespertilionis occasionally bites humans, and since it exhibits a high prevalence of Borrelia bacteria, it is possible that it presents a risk of human disease. Further studies are needed to characterize Borrelia sp. CPB1 to determine if it is human-pathogenic and to determine if C. vespertilionis is a vector and\/or reservoir of this agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["First Record of a Suspected Human-Pathogenic Borrelia Species in Populations of the Bat Tick Carios vespertilionis in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Thomas G. T.","family":"Jaenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilhelmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, 553 05 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.12.004","article-title":"Bats as \u2018special\u2019 reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens","volume":"23","author":"Brook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/438575a","article-title":"Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus","volume":"438","author":"Leroy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118391","article-title":"Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses","volume":"310","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120872","article-title":"Virology: What links bats to emerging infectious diseases?","volume":"310","author":"Dobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"E051110.4","article-title":"Bats as the reservoir for outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-018-0019-0","article-title":"Tick-Borne Viruses","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. 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