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Cocoa Producers' Alliance.\" , \"Early work in the control of the cocoa pod borer Acrocercops cramerella in the Philippines\" 345 (1981)"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"JGM Vos, BJ Ritchie, J Flood, \"Discovery learning about cacao: an inspirational guide for training facilitators.\" , (2003)"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"S Wardojo, \"Indonesian Agricultural Research & Development Journal.\" 2, \"The cocoa pod borer \u2013 a major hindrance to cocoa development.\" 1 (1980)"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"PC Wessel-Riemens, \"IOCC Cocoa Research Policy Committee: 1900\u20131918.\" , \"The cocoa moth pod borer (Acrocercops cramerella Sn.). Review and Translation of Research in Indonesia.\" (1981)"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"WH Whitcomb, \"Arkansas Farmer Research.\" 9, \"Sweet com as a trap crop to protect early tomatoes from the tomato fruitworm.\" 10 (1960)"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BJ Wood, CG Fee, SS Cheong, et al. \"Tropical Pest Management.\" 38, \"Trials on control of the cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) in Sabah by regular complete harvesting.\" 271 (1992)","DOI":"10.1080\/09670879209371708"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"A Youdeowei, \"Review of cocoa pests in Indonesia and the Philippines and the development of research strategies for cocoa pest management. Developing bulk cocoa in Indonesia. Report on a visit 7 Feb\u201314 Mar 1980.\" , (1980)"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Zhang, H Fu, S Zhu, et al. \"Florida Entomologist.\" 99, \"Influence of gamma-irradiation on flight ability and dispersal of Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).\" 79 (2016)","DOI":"10.1653\/024.099.sp111"}],"container-title":["Florida Entomologist"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T17:21:28Z","timestamp":1706721688000},"score":29.241661,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/florida-entomologist\/volume-102\/issue-2\/024.102.0214\/Development-and-Behavioral-Ecology-of-Conopomorpha-cramerella-Lepidoptera-Gracillariidae\/10.1653\/024.102.0214.full"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1653\/024.102.0214","ISSN":["0015-4040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-4040","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T09:09:00Z","timestamp":1723453740582},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Riset Perkebunan Nusantara","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,31]],"date-time":"2005-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1135987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effectiveness and effiency of CPB control were influenced by the right time of control. To decided this methods, information about CPB infestation was needed. An experiment had been conducted to get a simple and accurate technique for CPB monitoring. The experiment was located in Tirawuta, a smallholder cocoa plantation in Kolaka district, South-East Sulawesi. The evaluated monitoring pods techniques using observing all ripe cocoa pod as standard method, i.e. pod colour changes as an indicator of CPB attack, observation on 100 pods during harvesting, moth trapping and observation on the presence of the holes caused by CPB. The collected data expressed as the percentage of CPB attack and compared with each other. Based on the Chi 2 value and time consumed for monitoring, it could be concluded that the observation of 100 attacked pods during harvesting was the most accurate technique closest to the standard method, with a lowest 2 value and not significantly different to standard method. On the contrary the visual observation on the pod colour showed the less accurate technique with \uf063 2 value of 242,25\u2013335,33 followed by the bservation on the present of holes on the pod with \uf063 2 value of 243,45\u2013282,87. Furthermore, monitoring technique by moth trapping could not be compared with the other techniques since their unit was unequal. However, no insect could be trapped during a night trapping using either chemical trapping or sticky trap. Development of sticky trap by variation in trap colour could be trapped of CPB moth during more than one week. Red trap was the most interesting (preferred) for the CPB followed by the yellow, white and blue ones. There was significant correlation between number of tree sample and the time needed for observation. Larger size of tree sample consumed a longer time for the observation, but in visual symptom and entry\/exit hole observation methods, larger sample size did not significantly influence its accuracy. It\u2019s concluded that both of monitoring technique were not a converge estimation. Key words : Cocoa, cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, Integrated Pest Management, monitoring technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22302\/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v21i3.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T08:14:50Z","timestamp":1537258490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of Monitoring Technique for Cocoa Pod Borer(Conopomorpha cramerella  Snell.)"],"prefix":"10.22302","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Endang","family":"Sulistyowati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suryo","family":"Wardani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endang","family":"Mufrihati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9564","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,31]]},"container-title":["Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/download\/24\/31","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/download\/24\/31","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T08:45:56Z","timestamp":1665564356000},"score":28.291431,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/view\/24"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22302\/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v21i3.24","ISSN":["2406-9574","0215-0212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2406-9574","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0215-0212","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:28:22Z","timestamp":1779888502533,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Agri and Forest Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The cocoa pod borer (CPB) moth,\n                          <jats:italic>Conopomorpha cramerella<\/jats:italic>\n                          (Snellen) is one of the most injurious pests of cocoa in South\u2010East Asia. Identification relies upon tedious morphological procedures such as genitalia dissection for adults, and there are no keys for larvae or pupae.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We used the COI barcode region as an alternative diagnostic method to confirm species identification of all three stages, that is, larvae, pupae and adults.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Specimens were collected using various methods, including pheromone traps and direct removal of larvae from a range of fruits such as taun, cocoa and rambutan. The surveys took place in 2008\u20132009 in Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Three Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units were detected: two\n                          <jats:italic>Conopomorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                          (Gracillaridae) species (one being CPB) and one undetermined Stathmopodidae. DNA analysis confirmed the presence of CPB at all sites, regardless of the collection method. Seven distinct haplotypes of CPB were found in total with haplotype CPB_COI_A representing 95% of the CPB samples.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The remaining haplotypes diverged from CPB_COI_A by less than 0.3% and were found in cocoa and rambutan. The undetermined\n                          <jats:italic>Conopomorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                          species could not be identified using this approach due to this species not having reference DNA sequences represented in public DNA databases.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We recommend using this molecular method for monitoring purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/afe.12519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T13:47:26Z","timestamp":1655214446000},"page":"540-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular diagnostics of\n                    <i>Conopomorpha cramerella<\/i>\n                    (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8582-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AgriBio Centre  Bundoora Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smilja","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mars Inc. Australia  Ballarat Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, Classics, and History University of New England (Australia)  Armidale New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick T.","family":"Roush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77928-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.2600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01045587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65715-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748530001525X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbe.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19401736.2013.779260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8050139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Socioeconomic 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Prevention of CPB attack can be done by pod sleeving to prevent\u00a0CPBs lay eggs on pod, or reduction of source of CPB infestation by using pheromone\u00a0or kairomone as attractant in an insect trap. A preliminary research using sex\u00a0pheromone has been conducted at endemic cocoa area infested by CPB in East\u00a0Java. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sex pheromonesin controlling CPB. Trial was arranged by randomized completely block\u00a0design in four treatments and four blocks as replication. Four densities trap\/ha\u00a0(0, 4, 8, and 12 traps\/ha) were used as a treatments. Sex pheromone trap consisted\u00a0of synthetic pheromone (lure) and sticky liner was hanged on 0.5 m above the\u00a0cocoa canopy. The results showed that the number of CPB captured during four\u00a0months was significantly decreased. The number of CPB captured per trap during\u00a0the first two months in the treatment of 0, 4, 8 and 12 traps\/ha were 0, 6.5,\u00a04.72, and 5.58 CPBs, respectively. Four months after treatment, the number of\u00a0CPB captured in the respective treatments was reduced to 0, 0.25, 0.6, and 0.96\u00a0CPBs. Estimate calculation on yield loss due to CPB attack showed that before\u00a0treatment the yield loss ranged 37.4\u201445.6%, however six months after treatment,\u00a0the yield loss in treatment plots decreased to 9.4\u201421%, whereas on control\u00a038.47%. Use of sex pheromones to attract CPB at a density of 4 traps\/ha reduced\u00a0yield losses due to CPB damage by 67.7%. The significant correlation betweenthe number of CPB captured with the damage intensity followed regression equation\u00a0of Y = - 0,00044X + 0,32059. Use of sex pheromone for monitoring or masstrapping of CPB, as a component in IPM of CPB is promising, due to its nature\u00a0for specific target, environmentally friendly, effectiveness, and economic values.Key words: cocoa, cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, integrated pest management,\u00a0biological control, sex pheromone<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22302\/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v30i2.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T08:09:51Z","timestamp":1537258191000},"page":"115-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of Sex Pheromone in Controlling Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.)"],"prefix":"10.22302","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Endang","family":"Sulistyowati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9564","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,31]]},"container-title":["Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal)"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/download\/8\/4","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/download\/8\/4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T08:43:23Z","timestamp":1665564203000},"score":27.99882,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ccrjournal.com\/index.php\/ccrj\/article\/view\/8"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22302\/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v30i2.8","ISSN":["2406-9574","0215-0212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2406-9574","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0215-0212","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,31]]}}],"items-per-page":8,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}