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Sperm secretion is only brushed over the openings of the receptacula by cuticular projections of the anterior gonopods (\u2018brush\u2019). Other parts of the gonopods (projections of the cheirites, podosternite) bring the brush and the openings of the receptacula in the proper position.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Examination of the gonopods from series of <jats:italic>Craspedosoma<\/jats:italic> from locations near Vienna showed that there are intermediary specimens between the nominal species <jats:italic>C. transsilvanicum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. alemannicum<\/jats:italic> Verhoeff, 1910. Obviously, a mechanical isolation mechanism, as supposed by Verhoeff, does not exist between these nominal species.<\/jats:p><jats:p>At the beginning of a copulation, the male forces the female into the mating position. When touched by males, the females try to evade them by rolling up. The possibilities are discussed that females thereby test the actual fitness of males, and that males use their clasper\u2010like copulatory organs to prevent females from escaping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]],"date-time":"2010-04-22T10:23:20Z","timestamp":1271931800000},"page":"215-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genitalia Fitting, Mating Behaviour and Possible Hybridization in Millipedes of the Genus <i>Craspedosoma<\/i> (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Craspedosomatidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Tadler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Die Myriapodenfauna der Ostalpen","volume":"158","author":"Attems C.","year":"1949","journal-title":"Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, mathemalisch-naturwissen-schaftliche Klasse"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.16.110185.000553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004627604","volume-title":"Millipedes, keys and notes for the identification of species.","author":"Blower J. 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W.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Nova Acta Leopoldina"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis s\u00fcddeutscher Craspedosomen","volume":"44","author":"Verhoeff K. W.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Zoologischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Macheiriophoron und Craspedosoma","volume":"39","author":"Verhoeff K. W.","year":"1916","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher, Systematik"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches 5\/2","author":"Verhoeff K. W.","year":"1926"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Unsere Kenntnisse von den Diplopoden des alemannischen Gaues","volume":"1","author":"Verhoeff K.W.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung S\u00fcdwestdeutschlands"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur Bionomie von Enantiulus nanus (Latzel, 1884) und Allaiulus occultus C. L. Koch, 1847 (Diplopoda, Julidae)","volume":"60","author":"Voigtl\u00e4nder K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums G\u00f6rlitz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis von Craspedosoma simile und das Tracheensystem der Diplopoden","volume":"46","author":"Wernitzsch W.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Jenaische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturwissenschaften"}],"container-title":["Acta Zoologica"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T23:59:07Z","timestamp":1698191947000},"score":12.485935,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01236.x","archive":["Portico"],"ISSN":["0001-7272","1463-6395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-7272","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-6395","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T20:20:33Z","timestamp":1708201233638},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii (Craspedosomatidae) is widespread in Central Europe from Belarus and southern Scandinavia west to Britain and Ireland. Although the species is often not common and rarely encountered (Blower 1985, Hoffman 1999, Lee 2006), Kime (2004) reports C. raulinsii as the third most widespread millipede in Belgium. Shelley (1990) reported C. raulinsii (as C. rawlinsii) for the first time from North America (from Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada) and noted the occurrence is the first introduction of a representative of the order Chordeumatida in the New World. Here we report new records that suggest widespread occurrence of this introduced millipede in eastern Canada and comment on the commonly-applied spelling of the specific epithet of the species. Vouchers have been deposited in the collections of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4455.2.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T01:25:32Z","timestamp":1533173132000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii Leach, 1814 (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae) in North America with comments on the derivation of its binomial name"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4455","author":[{"given":"DONALD F.","family":"McALPINE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM A.","family":"SHEAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-43290.1","unstructured":"<p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Br\u00f6lemann, H.W. (1935) Myriapodes Diplopodes (Chilognathes I). <em>Faune de France<\/em>, 29, 1- 369.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Blower, J.C. (1985) <em>Millipedes. Keys and notes for the identification of the species<\/em>. E.J. Brill, London, 242 pp.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cook, O.F. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43290.2","unstructured":"Collins, G.N. (1895) The Craspedosomatidae of North America. <em>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences<\/em>,<em> <\/em>9, 1-100, 12 pls.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Damkaer, D.M. (2002) Adding Pages. <em>In<\/em>: The Copedologist's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. Vol. 1. <em>Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society<\/em>, 240, 131-155.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Harrison, K. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-43290.3","unstructured":"Smith, E. (2008) Rife-Green by Nature: the regency naturalist and his family. William Elford Leach<em>.<\/em> <em>The Ray Society Publications<\/em>, 171, 1-621.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Hoffman, R.L. (1999) <em>Checklist of the millipedes of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8<\/em>. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, 584 pp.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">ICZN (1999) <em>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition.<\/em> The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. Available from: http:\/\/www.ICZN.org\/iczn\/index.jsp (accessed 23 March 2017)<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Jeekel, C.A.W. (1970) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10<sup>th<\/sup> edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 1957. <em>Monografie\u00ebn van Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, Amsterdam<\/em>, No 5, 1-412.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Kime, R.D. (2004) The Belgian millipede fauna (Diplopoda).<em> Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique<\/em>, <em>Entomolgie<\/em>, 74, 35-68.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Leach, W.E. (1814) Crustaceology, <em>In<\/em>: Brewster, D. (Ed.), <em>The Edinburgh Encyclopedia<\/em>. <em>Vol. 7<\/em>. Blackwood, Edinburgh, pp. 383 \u0336 437.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Leach, W.E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals which Linn\u00e9 arranged under Insects. <em>Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London<\/em>, 11, 306-400.<br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Lee, P. (2006) <em>Atlas of the Millipedes (Diplopoda) of Britain and Ireland<\/em>. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 216 pp.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Shelley, R.M. (1988) The millipedes of eastern Canada (Arthropoda (Diplopoda). Canadian <em>Journal of Zoology<\/em>, 66, 1638-1663.<br \/> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z88-239<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Shelley, R.M. (1990) Discovery of the millipede <em>Craspedosoma rawlinsii<\/em> Leach in the New World (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae). <em>Entomologist's Monthly Magazine<\/em>, 126, 117.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Wheelock, F.M. (2005) <em>Wheelock's Latin. 6<\/em><sup>th<\/sup> Edition, Revised by R.A. LaFleur. Harper Collins, New York, 511 pp.<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4455.2.8\/15576","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4455.2.8\/15576","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T22:34:14Z","timestamp":1684103654000},"score":11.823563,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4455.2.8"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4455.2.8","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:48:48Z","timestamp":1791287328433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Biodiversity Heritage Library","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978]]},"DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.82256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,6]],"date-time":"2015-09-06T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1441519525000},"page":"673-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Contribution \u00e0 la connaissance du d\u00e9veloppement postembryonnaire de Craspedosoma alemannicum Verhoeff et de Xylophageuma zschokkei Bigler (Diplopoda, Nematophora) dans une tourbi\u00e8re du HautJura suisse"],"prefix":"10.5962","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Pedroli-Christen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33859","container-title":["Revue suisse de zoologie."],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T01:22:29Z","timestamp":1656465749000},"score":10.322573,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/part\/82256"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.part.82256","ISSN":["0035-418X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-418X","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978]]}}],"items-per-page":5,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}