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Natural enemies of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and associated cereal aphid species in spring-planted wheat and barley in Colorado. Environmental Entomology 22(6):1383-1391","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/22.6.1383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_289_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yazdani M. Baker G. DeGraaf H. Henry K. Hill K. Kimber B. Malipatil M. Perry K. Valenzuela I. Nash M. A. 2018. First detection of Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Australia: a major threat to cereal production.Austral Entomology 57(4) 410-417. DOI: 10.1111\/aen.12292","DOI":"10.1111\/aen.12292"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_290_1","unstructured":"Yu GY Liang HB 1998. Coccinellidae collected in the wheat fields of Xinjiang China with description of a new species (Coleoptera). Entomotaxonomia 20(2):127-132."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_291_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zemetra RS Schotzko DJ Smith CM Lauver M 1993. In vitro selection for Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Cell Reports 12(6):312-315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237425"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_292_1","unstructured":"Zhang G 1991. Russian wheat aphid (RWA) in China. Stillwater USA: Misc Publ Agric Exp Stn Okla State Univ. 132:327-328."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_293_1","unstructured":"Zuniga SE 1990. Biological control of cereal aphids in the southern zone of South America. In: World Perspectives on Barley Yellow Dwarf. Mexico DF: CIMMYT 362-367."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_294_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwer PK Mosaad MG Elsidaig AA Rickman RW 1994. Effect of Russian wheat aphid on wheat root and shoot development in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Crop Science 34(3):650-655","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1994.0011183X003400030009x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_295_1","unstructured":"van der Westhuizen M de Jager J Manson M Deall M 1994. Cost benefit analysis of Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) control in South Africa using a seed treatment. Seed treatment: progress and prospects: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Kent 5 January 1994. Farnham UK: British Crop Protection Council Registered Office 109-116."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_296_1","unstructured":"von Wechmar M Rybicki EP 1981. Aphid transmission of three viruses causes Freestate Streak disease. S. African Journal of Science 77:488-92."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_297_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clement S. L. Lester D. G. Wilson A. D. Pike K. S. 1992. Behavior and performance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) on fungal endophyte-infected and uninfected perennial ryegrass.Journal of Economic Entomology 85(2) 583-588. DOI: 10.1093\/jee\/85.2.583","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/85.2.583"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_298_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bouabida N. Benoufella-Kitous K. Amar S. A. Medjdoub-Bensaad F. 2020. Aphid diversity in two food legume crops: fava bean and pea in Naciria region and first record of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner 1897) in Algeria.Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 52(3) 54-60. DOI: 10.4081\/jear.2020.9503","DOI":"10.4081\/jear.2020.9503"}],"container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T10:32:28Z","timestamp":1734690748000},"score":17.422482,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.9887"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,7]]},"references-count":297,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.9887","published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,7]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T05:13:21Z","timestamp":1698902001177},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Distribution Maps of Plant Pests"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A new distribution map is provided for\n            <jats:italic>Diuraphis noxia<\/jats:italic>\n            (Mordvilko) Hemiptera: Aphididae Russian wheat aphid, barley aphid. Attacks wheat, barley, triticale, oats, rye and sorghum. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, USSR, Kazakh SSR, Ukrainian SSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, Republic NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, USA, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington, Wyoming, CENTRAL AMERICA, Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Chile.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/dmpp\/20056600521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1628210010000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Diuraphis noxia<\/i>\n            . [Distribution map]."],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"family":"UK, CAB International","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAB International\r            Nosworthy Way\r            Wallingford\r            Oxfordshire\r            OX10 8DE\r            UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]]},"container-title":["Distribution Maps of Plant Pests"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1698829070000},"score":16.31403,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/DMPP\/20056600521"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1079\/DMPP\/20056600521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/dmpp\/20056600521","ISSN":["1369-104X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-104X","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T04:21:01Z","timestamp":1692246061666},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"group-title":"Crop Protection Compendium","reference-count":0,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p>\n          <italic>D. noxia<\/italic> has a great economic impact on cereal crops (Brooks et al., 1994). It is a phloem feeder like other aphids and the symptoms evident on plants are a result of this feeding mechanism. By feeding on the phloem, the aphid damages the plants through nutrient drainage (Dixon, 1985) which results in chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, stunting, and curling of the leaves, misshapen or nonappearance of new growth, and localised cell death at the site of aphid feeding. <italic>D. noxia<\/italic> further elicits an increase in essential amino acids in the phloem sap by triggering the breakdown of proteins in infested wheat leaves (Burd and Burton, 1992; du Toit, 1986; Ma et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2001). The damage to the foliar tissue is thought to play a role in the pest's ability to increase nutritional quality of the host plant (Botha et al., 2006).<\/p>","DOI":"10.1079\/cpc.9887.20210204893","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T22:53:11Z","timestamp":1622847191000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Diuraphis noxia<\/i> (Russian wheat aphid)."],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Nematollahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T20:39:46Z","timestamp":1692218386000},"score":15.776945,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cabi.org\/cpc\/datasheet\/9887"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cpc.9887.20210204893","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"subtype":"other"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:12:50Z","timestamp":1790781170611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781801461139","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) occurs on all the world\u2019s continents and has been extensively studied. This chapter aims to give an overview of this somewhat unusual grain aphid. The damage this aphid can cause is notorious, however focusing on commonalities associated with pestiferous outbreaks and collating research results from the past can generate helpful insights for future management of D. noxia. The advance of climate change will undoubtedly influence this pest and the crops it attacks. Vigilance, while considering the factors that lead to severe outbreaks, will be required to avoid severe losses in future. Upcoming studies should focus on identifying information and techniques that can shorten the response time for the development of resistant cultivars, accurately identify biotypes within and between countries and enable a more integrated and sustainable D. noxia control strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.19103\/as.2022.0114.01","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T06:03:08Z","timestamp":1684216988000},"page":"137-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia): an overview"],"prefix":"10.19103","author":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Council \u2013 Small Grain Institute, South Africa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Tolmay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8180","container-title":["Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science","Advances in understanding insect pests affecting wheat and other cereals"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T08:59:30Z","timestamp":1760518770000},"score":15.295777,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bdspublishing.com\/webshop\/chapters\/crops\/regenerative-techniques\/insect-disease-and-weed-management\/insects\/russian-wheat-aphid-diuraphis-noxia-an-overview\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"ISBN":["9781801461139"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19103\/as.2022.0114.01","ISSN":["2059-6936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-6936","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T06:16:24Z","timestamp":1725516984746},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781402062421"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781402063596"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6359-6_3466","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]],"date-time":"2008-08-20T23:26:31Z","timestamp":1219274791000},"page":"3217-3217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Russian Wheat Aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Norman C.","family":"Leppla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan M.","family":"Drees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan T.","family":"Showler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Capinera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharine M.","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"William Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie A.","family":"Hoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Al-Ajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Stocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Raina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Devorshak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Fishe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene J.","family":"Gerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman G.","family":"Gratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Nation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Nation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menachem J.","family":"Berlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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These salivary effectors modulate plant responses to favour aphid feeding and facilitate infestation. The identification of effectors from economically important pest species is central in understanding the molecular events during the aphid-plant interaction. The Russian wheat aphid (<jats:italic>Diuraphis noxia<\/jats:italic>, Kurdjumov) is one such pest that causes devastating losses to wheat and barley yields worldwide. Despite the severe threat to food security posed by <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic>, the non-model nature of this pest and its host has hindered progress towards understanding this interaction. In this study, in the absence of a salivary gland transcriptome, whole-body transcriptomics data was mined to generate a candidate effector catalogue for <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mining the transcriptome identified 725 transcripts encoding putatively secreted proteins amongst which were transcripts specific to <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic>. Six of the seven examined <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic> putative effectors, termed <jats:italic>DnE<\/jats:italic>\u2019s (<jats:italic>Diuraphis noxia<\/jats:italic> effectors) exhibited salivary gland-specific expression. A comparative analysis between whole-body <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic> transcriptome data versus the head and body transcriptomes from three other aphid species allowed us to define a catalogue of transcripts putatively upregulated in <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic> head tissue. Five of these were selected for RT-qPCR confirmation, and were found to corroborate the differential expression predictions, with a further three confirmed to be highly expressed in <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic> salivary gland tissue.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Determining a putative effector catalogue for <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic> from whole-transcriptome data, particularly the identification of salivary-specific sequences potentially unique to <jats:italic>D. noxia<\/jats:italic>, provide the basis for future functional characterisation studies to gain further insight into this aphid-plant interaction. Furthermore, due to a lack of publicly available aphid salivary gland transcriptome data, the capacity to use comparative transcriptomics to compile a list of putative effector candidates from whole-body transcriptomics data will further the study of effectors in various aphid species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08712-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T22:03:09Z","timestamp":1657231389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Vittorio F.","family":"Nicolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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Proporciona m\u00e1s del 20% de las calor\u00edas y es un alimento b\u00e1sico en el 35% de la poblaci\u00f3n global. La Argentina es uno de los mayores centros de producci\u00f3n de granos del mundo, donde el trigo juega un rol central. Por otro lado, la producci\u00f3n de cebada cervecera ha crecido notablemente en el pa\u00eds en los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os por exigencias de mercado. Dada la importancia de dichos cereales a nivel nacional y mundial, el conocimiento de los factores adversos que afectan su calidad y rendimiento, son prioritarios. Dentro de los factores bi\u00f3ticos que afectan la producci\u00f3n de trigo y cebada, se encuentran los \u00e1fidos, que producen da\u00f1os a los cultivos al extraer sus recursos, inyectar saliva t\u00f3xica y transmitir virus. Entre las especies de mayor importancia en ambos cereales se encuentra el \u201cPulg\u00f3n Ruso del Trigo\u201d Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (PRT). El PRT es uno de los \u00e1fidos que ha demostrado poseer una elevada capacidad de dispersi\u00f3n. Desde su centro de origen en las regiones pale\u00e1rticas de Europa Oriental y Asia Central se dispers\u00f3 a distintas regiones del mundo. En la Argentina el primer hallazgo fue realizado en 1991, en Malarg\u00fce, Provincia de Mendoza, proveniente de Chile. Est\u00e1 adaptado a regiones de climas secos, soleados y con lluvias espor\u00e1dicas, en esas condiciones las poblaciones tienen un r\u00e1pido crecimiento. El da\u00f1o que produce el PRT se caracteriza por la formaci\u00f3n de manchas paralelas a las nervaduras de color blanco-amarillento que pueden tornarse rojizas por la presencia de pigmentos antoci\u00e1nicos en climas fr\u00edos. Adem\u00e1s produce reducci\u00f3n de la superficie foliar, debido al enrollamiento que sufre la l\u00e1mina, dentro de las cuales crece protegida la colonia de pulgones. Cuando la infestaci\u00f3n ocurre en estados fenol\u00f3gicos m\u00e1s avanzados pueden atacar la hoja bandera, la cual al enrollarse, impide que emerja la espiga o lo haga deformada. Por tal motivo el control qu\u00edmico del \u00e1fido es dificultoso, dado que el enrollamiento foliar impide la llegada de los insecticidas y de los enemigos naturales. En consecuencia, la estrategia m\u00e1s efectiva y econ\u00f3mica para la protecci\u00f3n de los cultivos al PRT, es el uso de la resistencia gen\u00e9tica. Uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s destacados de los \u00e1fidos como plagas potenciales de los cultivos, es su comportamiento reproductivo. En D. noxia, se hallaron diferencias en el comportamiento reproductivo en distintos lugares del mundo. Es holoc\u00edclico en Hungr\u00eda y en la Uni\u00f3n Sovi\u00e9tica, mientras que se comporta como anholoc\u00edclico en Sud\u00e1frica y en los Estados Unidos. A partir del ingreso del PRT en EE.UU. en el a\u00f1o 1986, se desarrollaron en dicho pa\u00eds cultivares de trigo y cebada con distintos genes de resistencia al \u00e1fido, que permitieron controlar la plaga de forma exitosa, hasta la aparici\u00f3n de un biotipo con capacidad de producir da\u00f1o a los cultivares resistentes en el a\u00f1o 2003. A partir de ese momento, nuevos biotipos de D. noxia se identificaron en distintos lugares del mundo como Hungr\u00eda, Sud\u00e1frica, Europa central, Siria y Chile. Dado que el tipo de reproducci\u00f3n tiene marcada incidencia en el origen de biotipos, y que se desconoce en la Argentina su comportamiento reproductivo y la composici\u00f3n de biot\u00edpica, los objetivos de la presente Tesis Doctoral son: a) Comprobar el tipo de reproducci\u00f3n predominante de D. noxia en poblaciones de distintos or\u00edgenes de Argentina; b) estudiar la capacidad que posee el \u00e1fido para seleccionar, crecer y da\u00f1ar a cultivares de trigo y cebada, portadores de distintas fuentes de resistencia gen\u00e9tica y c) Determinar la composici\u00f3n biot\u00edpica del Pulg\u00f3n Ruso del Trigo. Para el desarrollo del trabajo, se colectaron seis poblaciones de diferentes localidades de Argentina como: Tres Arroyos, Bah\u00eda Blanca y La Plata (Provincia de Buenos Aires), Jun\u00edn de los Andes y Chos Malal (Neuqu\u00e9n) y Jun\u00edn (Mendoza), contrastantes por el uso de la tierra, condiciones clim\u00e1ticas y altitud. El PRT se obtuvo de cereales cultivados (trigo y cebada) y de gram\u00edneas silvestres (Bromus sp.) desde febrero a diciembre del a\u00f1o 2005. Para evaluar el comportamiento reproductivo del \u00e1fido, de cada poblaci\u00f3n se obtuvieron de 10 a 15 clones, a partir de una hembra adulta partenogen\u00e9tica, seleccionada de cada poblaci\u00f3n. En total 65 clones fueron dispuestos bajo condiciones ambientales naturales, en la localidad de La Plata, desde el 21 de diciembre de 2005 al 21 de diciembre del 2007. Sobre los mismos semanalmente se realizaron observaciones a los fines de registrar la presencia de formas sexuadas. En los dos a\u00f1os, en m\u00e1s de la mitad de los clones se determin\u00f3 la presencia de hembras ov\u00edparas y huevos, en condiciones de bajas temperaturas y con fotoper\u00edodos de d\u00eda corto o de d\u00eda largo. Consecuentemente, las hembras sexuadas y los huevos se registraron desde el oto\u00f1o temprano (Abril) hasta entrada la primavera (Octubre), con 11:33 y 13:44 horas de luz, respectivamente. En consecuencia, en el caso de D. noxia, los huevos no constituyen \u00fanicamente una forma de resistencia invernal, sino que es un mecanismo que les permite liberar variabilidad gen\u00e9tica posibilitando la adaptaci\u00f3n a diversos ambientes y posiblemente generar nuevos biotipos adecuados a los mismos. Para la evaluaci\u00f3n de comportamiento del PRT frente a diferentes fuentes de resistencia en trigo y cebada, se utilizaron l\u00edneas Doble Haploides Recombinantes (DHR), provenientes del cruzamiento de progenitores contrastantes por el grado de resistencia (tolerante o susceptible) a D. noxia. Para trigo se emplearon 93 DHR provenientes del cruzamiento de los padres Tirintella y Pico, y para cebada, 20 DHR como producto del cruzamiento de los progenitores Angola y SW624. Sobre las mismas se evalu\u00f3 la \u201cno preferencia o antixenosis\u201d al PRT, la modificaci\u00f3n de sus par\u00e1metros biol\u00f3gicos y poblacionales a trav\u00e9s del estudio de la \u201cantibiosis\u201d y la agresividad de D. noxia por ensayos de \u201ctolerancia\u201d. Dado que todos los clones provenientes de las distintas poblaciones Argentinas, presentaron el mismo comportamiento reproductivo, se utiliz\u00f3 una mezcla de todos ellos para la realizaci\u00f3n de estos estudios. Seg\u00fan los resultados obtenidos, el PRT mostr\u00f3 un comportamiento diferencial en la selecci\u00f3n de las DHR evaluadas en trigo, algunas l\u00edneas ejercieron un fuerte efecto antixen\u00f3tico sobre el insecto. En la cebada, en cambio, ninguno de los genotipos present\u00f3 un marcado efecto de antixenosis sobre el \u00e1fido. En el estudio de la antibiosis, en las l\u00edneas de trigo y cebada se comprob\u00f3 que existen genotipos que produjeron en D. noxia un efecto antibi\u00f3tico afectando sus par\u00e1metros biol\u00f3gicos y poblacionales. Las DHR de trigo y cebada, en las que el \u00e1fido alarg\u00f3 el per\u00edodo pre-reproductivo, condicionaron al mismo tiempo una menor longevidad y fecundidad. Estos dos \u00faltimos par\u00e1metros fueron menores inclusive que en los \u00e1fidos criados sobre el padre tolerante, evidenci\u00e1ndose herencia transgresiva. Se observ\u00f3 adem\u00e1s que los genotipos de trigo por otro lado, indujeron un aumento de la tasa reproductiva diaria (Md), condicionando una herencia transgresiva no ben\u00e9fica, dado que la mayor\u00eda registr\u00f3 una mayor producci\u00f3n de ninfas\/d\u00eda, superior al padre susceptible. De manera similar, la tasa de incremento poblacional rm, no se vio disminuida significativamente por lo que se infiere que el mayor aporte a la producci\u00f3n de ninfas ocurre en los primeros d\u00edas del per\u00edodo reproductivo. El mayor efecto antibi\u00f3tico de las l\u00edneas de trigo sobre el PRT, se tradujo en una menor longevidad y por ende en una menor producci\u00f3n de ninfas totales (fecundidad). Con respecto a los progenitores de trigo empleados, condicionaron un comportamiento diferencial en los distintos par\u00e1metros evaluados en los \u00e1fidos criados en \u00e9stos. As\u00ed para la tasa reproductiva diaria, la longevidad y fecundidad no se observaron diferencias entre Tirintella y Pico, mientras que para la tasa rm y el per\u00edodo pre-reproductivo, Pico se comport\u00f3 como el progenitor m\u00e1s antibi\u00f3tico. Las l\u00edneas DHR de cebada condicionaron un per\u00edodo pre-reproductivo similar al obtenido en los genotipos de trigo, entre 9 a 11 d\u00edas, con un leve efecto antibi\u00f3tico sobre el PRT. Entre un 20 a 25% de las DHR de cebada indujeron en el \u00e1fido un efecto antibi\u00f3tico a trav\u00e9s de una menor longevidad, fecundidad total, y de las tasas Md y rm. Por otro lado, no se evidenciaron diferencias entre los progenitores de cebada empleados en el estudio. Con relaci\u00f3n al estudio de la agresividad del PRT sobre las DHR de trigo y cebada, se identificaron distintos tipos de tolerancia de los genotipos frente a la injuria de D. noxia. En las DHR de trigo se observ\u00f3 una disminuci\u00f3n del \u00c1rea Foliar (AF), del Peso Fresco (PF) y del Contenido Total de Clorofila (CTC), sin embargo se increment\u00f3 el Peso Seco (PS) por lo que se infiere que fue el metabolismo del agua el m\u00e1s afectado en dichos genotipos. Al comparar los progenitores Tirintella y Pico, para el AF y el CTC se comportaron de manera similar, mientras que para los PF y PS, Pico fue m\u00e1s tolerante. Dada las diferencias entre los padres, las DHR segregaron mostrando respuestas similares a uno u otro progenitor o evidenciando herencia transgresiva, superando al padre tolerante o al susceptible. Las DHR de cebada resultaron m\u00e1s tolerantes al da\u00f1o del PRT que el trigo, observ\u00e1ndose en alguna de ellas un incremento del AF, del PF, el PS y el CTC luego de la infestaci\u00f3n, por lo tanto hay l\u00edneas m\u00e1s tolerantes al PRT que en trigo. Para el estudio de la composici\u00f3n biot\u00edpica de D. noxia en Argentina, se realizaron ensayos de campo y de laboratorio, utilizando 18 cultivares diferenciales de trigo portadores de genes de resistencia (Dn1, Dn2, dn3, Dn4, Dn5 y Dn7) y l\u00edneas Novel provenientes del CIMMYT (M\u00e9xico) de las cuales se desconoce la fuente de resistencia. Se utilizaron como testigos tolerantes los cultivares CItr2401 y Synthetic y como testigo susceptible el cultivar Seri. A los 21 y 51 d\u00edas de la infestaci\u00f3n con PRT, se determin\u00f3 el nivel de da\u00f1o por el grado de clorosis y de enrollamiento foliar. En laboratorio se evalu\u00f3 la no preferencia de los cultivares de trigo seleccionados frente al PRT, el nivel de da\u00f1o foliar y se midi\u00f3 la diferencia del Peso Fresco, Peso Seco y Contenido Total de Clorofila, entre los Testigos sin infestaci\u00f3n y los infestados con el PRT. A los 21 d\u00edas en condiciones de campo, las l\u00edneas 14 y 1 (Noveles) presentaron el mejor comportamiento, desconoci\u00e9ndose sus genes de resistencia. Los cultivares portadores de Dn2 y Dn7 resultaron con un alto nivel de tolerancia, mientras que Dn1 y dn3 fueron moderadamente tolerantes y las portadoras de Dn4 y Dn5 muy da\u00f1ados por las poblaciones Argentinas de PRT. A los 51 d\u00edas s\u00f3lo Dn7 y las l\u00edneas 14 y 1 mantuvieron un comportamiento de tolerancia al \u00e1fido. Se infiere que en el pa\u00eds se encontrar\u00edan los biotipos 1, 2* y 5*, estos dos \u00faltimos con caracter\u00edsticas diferentes a los identificados en EE.UU. Por lo cual los cultivares mejorados en otros pa\u00edses, pueden comportarse como susceptibles frente a las poblaciones locales del PRT que son caracter\u00edsticas de cada regi\u00f3n. Si bien dos de la l\u00edneas Novel desarrolladas por el CIMMYT, podr\u00edan ser incorporadas en planes de mejora del cultivo de trigo en Argentina, los cultivares deber\u00edan ser desarrollados en nuestras condiciones de cultivo y con las poblaciones nativas de D. noxia. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que en Argentina, el PRT presenta como estrategia reproductiva la partenog\u00e9nesis facultativa, a trav\u00e9s de la cual a partir de un clon proveniente de una \u00fanica hembra adulta, se originan en distintas proporciones, hembras partenogen\u00e9ticas y sexuadas. Dicha variabilidad intraclonal se observ\u00f3 en todas las poblaciones estudiadas y le permitir\u00eda a D. noxia liberar variabilidad gen\u00e9tica, que le otorga al \u00e1fido una gran capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n a distintos ambientes, y a generar biotipos capaces de da\u00f1ar cereales mejorados con diferentes genes de resistencia. La coexistencia de m\u00e1s de un biotipo en las poblaciones Argentinas del PRT, a pesar de no existir una presi\u00f3n de selecci\u00f3n por la siembra de grandes extensiones con un \u00fanico gen de resistencia, estar\u00eda indicando que D. noxia es un \u00e1fido que se encuentra en una permanente evoluci\u00f3n como producto de su variabilidad gen\u00e9tica.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.35537\/10915\/21585","type":"dissertation","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T15:36:46Z","timestamp":1566315406000},"approved":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comportamiento de poblaciones argentinas de Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (Hemiptera: Aphididae)"],"prefix":"10.35537","author":[{"sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10308","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T15:36:46Z","timestamp":1566315406000},"score":14.251652,"degree":["Doctor de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales"],"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/sedici.unlp.edu.ar\/handle\/10915\/21585"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35537\/10915\/21585"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T08:35:28Z","timestamp":1782635728156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]],"date-time":"1993-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":754704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crop Protection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0261-2194(93)90124-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T21:50:18Z","timestamp":1067032218000},"page":"605-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Incidence and population fluctuation of Diuraphis noxia in Hungary"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Basky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0261-2194(93)90124-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748530001213X","article-title":"Development rate, fecundity and lifespan of apterae of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under controlled conditions","volume":"77","author":"Aalbersberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull. 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