{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":1,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:59:58Z","timestamp":1791104398542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,14]],"date-time":"2008-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7804,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Horvathiolus gibbicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                          (Costa), a ground\u2010living seed\u2010feeding bug of the mediterranean region, has two wing morphs. In macrop\u2010terous bugs both pairs of wings are fully developed. In brachypterous ones forewings are reduced to about two\u2010thirds and hindwings to less than a third of their length in macropters.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Each morph bred true with regard to wing length when reared under variable density, food and temperature conditions for several generations.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          All F\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          offspring between crosses of the two morphs were brachypterous. In F\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          approximately 25% were macropters and 75% brachypters implying monogenic control of wingform.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Flight muscles in macropters vary from fully developed to totally reduced. This variation is determined by environmental conditions during adult life. Most young adult bugs have flight muscles, and totally starved or unmated bugs retain their flight muscles. Fed and mated females histolyse flight muscles as they start laying eggs, while most males of the same group retain their muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Brachypterous bugs have a smaller thorax and larger abdomen than macropterous ones.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Brachypterous bugs reach adulthood slightly before macropterous ones, and they have a distinctly shorter adult preoviposition period.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Lifetime egg production does not differ significantly between the two wing morphs. However, the temporal pattern of egg laying is different in the two morphs. The m\n                          <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2010curve of macropters starts later, then attains a higher peak and finally decreases faster than that of brachypters.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Initially, macropters lay smaller eggs than brachypters, but egg volume increases with age in macropters and eventually approaches that of brachypters.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>The initial increase in reproductive effort (egg volumexegg number) of macropters is concomitant with wing muscle histolysis and the mobilization of thorax space for reproduction.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Adult survival rate does not differ between the morphs.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1986.tb00322.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,14]],"date-time":"2008-03-14T05:35:33Z","timestamp":1205472933000},"page":"435-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Wing and flight muscle polymorphism in a lygaeid bug,\n                    <i>Horvathiolus gibbicollis<\/i>\n                    : determinants and life history consequences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"CHRISTER","family":"SOLBRECK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-86666-1_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-209160-5.50016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6941-1_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Movement of Highly Mobile Insects: Concepts and Methodology in Research","author":"Dingle H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","author":"Dingle H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Horvathilus syriacus (Reuter), nuova per l'Italia, e osservazioni sulle specie italiane del genere","volume":"110","author":"Dioli P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bollettino della Soci\u00e9ta Entomologica Italiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Aphid Ecology.","author":"Dixon A.F.G.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.11.110180.000523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Temperature and wing polymorphism in natural populations of Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae)","volume":"108","author":"Hon\u011bk A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Zoologische J ahrb\u00fccher Systematik"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Lability of the flight system: a context for functional adaptation","volume":"7","author":"Johnson C.G.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Royal Entomological Society Symposia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Zur Systematik der Gattung Melanocoryphus St\u00e5l (Hem. Het. Lygaeidae)","volume":"36","author":"Josifov M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Prague"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109502","article-title":"Genetics of brachyptery in a lygaeid bug island population","volume":"72","author":"Klausner E.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Heredity"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"The functions of the wings in the Hemiptera and trends in their specialization","volume":"50","author":"Puchkova L.V.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Entomological Review, U.S.S.R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00379781"},{"issue":"56","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Psileula mimica n.gen. n.sp. und die mikropteren Lygaeinen","volume":"2","author":"Seidenst\u00fccker G.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Reichenbachia, Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2388139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6941-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"641","volume-title":"Migration: Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance","author":"Solbreck C.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346672"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1962.tb01609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Two new genera and species of pterygopolymorphic Lygaeinae from Ethiopia and W. 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