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A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during\n2025-26. During the study period, the average duration of egg stage of I. scutellaris was 2.67\u00b10.48,\n2.87\u00b10.68 and 3.20\u00b10.66 days on A. gossypii, L. pseudobrassicae and B. brassicae, respectively. The\nmean duration of first, second and third instars was 2.40\u00b10.50, 3.23\u00b10.63 and 3.67\u00b10.61 days,\nrespectively on A. gossypii; 2.60\u00b10.50, 3.47\u00b10.50 and 3.93\u00b10.69 days, respectively on L.\npseudobrassicae; and 2.67\u00b10.48, 3.50\u00b10.57 and 4.30\u00b10.75 days, respectively on B. brassicae. The total\nlarval period was 9.30\u00b11.09, 10.00\u00b11.05 and 10.47\u00b11.07 days and average hatching percentage was\n76.00, 72.00 and 70.00 percent on A. gossypii, L. pseudobrassicae and B. brassicae, respectively. The\nmean body length and breadth of female were 8.22\u00b10.09 mm and 2.37\u00b10.10 mm on A. gossypii,\n8.18\u00b10.09 mm and 2.33\u00b10.08 mm on L. pseudobrassicae and 8.11\u00b10.23 mm and 2.31\u00b10.08 mm on B.\nbrassicae, respectively. In males, the body length and breadth were 9.00\u00b10.15 mm and 2.53\u00b10.20 mm on\nA. gossypii, 8.58\u00b10.11 mm and 2.51\u00b10.08 mm on L. pseudobrassicae and 8.26\u00b10.11 mm and 2.46\u00b10.06\nmm on B. brassicae, respectively. The fecundity was recorded as 46.50\u00b13.75, 36.50\u00b12.55 and\n30.70\u00b12.67 eggs per female, total life span of female was 34.10\u00b12.20, 36.53\u00b11.93 and 38.07\u00b11.86 days,\nwhile in male it was 32.10\u00b12.37, 34.73\u00b11.78 and 36.93\u00b11.74 days, the sex ratio was observed as 1:1.27,\n1:1.17 and 1:1.08 (male:female), on A. gossypii, L. pseudobrassicae and B. brassicae, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.51470\/plantarchives.2026.v26.supplement-2.133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:33:58Z","timestamp":1785839638000},"page":"1138-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COMPARATIVE BIONOMICS OF SYRPHID FLY, Ischiodon scutellaris FABRICIUS ON DIFFERENT APHID HOSTS"],"prefix":"10.51470","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Prince","family":"Aghera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bansilal Amrutlal College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.B.","family":"Zala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Tharad - 385 565, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34887","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"container-title":["Plant Archives"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:34:00Z","timestamp":1785839640000},"score":27.502968,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/plantarchives.org\/article\/133%20COMPARATIVE-BIONOMICS-OF-SYRPHID-FLY,-Ischiodon-scutellaris-FABRICIUS-ON-DIFFERENT-APHID-HOSTS.pdf"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51470\/plantarchives.2026.v26.supplement-2.133","ISSN":["0972-5210","2581-6063"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-5210","type":"print"},{"value":"2581-6063","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T09:12:55Z","timestamp":1766308375481,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Comprehensive Publications","issue":"12S","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Agric. Extension Social Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.33545\/26180723.2025.v8.i12sc.2803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T09:09:27Z","timestamp":1766308167000},"page":"152-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laboratory study on biology of syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach"],"prefix":"10.33545","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"NL","family":"Parmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VJ","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MK","family":"Chandaragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19162","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T09:09:42Z","timestamp":1766308182000},"score":24.01894,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.extensionjournal.com\/special-issue\/2025.v8.i12S.2803"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12S","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33545\/26180723.2025.v8.i12sc.2803","ISSN":["2618-0723","2618-0731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2618-0723","type":"print"},{"value":"2618-0731","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1734500102605,"version":"3.30.2"},"description":"This datasheet on Ischiodon covers Identity, Distribution, Further Information.","reference-count":1,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"DOI":"10.1079\/cabicompendium.28912","type":"dataset","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T11:43:22Z","timestamp":1669290202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ischiodon"],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"name":"CABI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greathead DJ Greathead AH 1992. Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: the BIOCAT database. Biocontrol News and Information 13(4):61N-68N.","DOI":"10.1079\/cabireviews\/19921166435"}],"container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T16:38:39Z","timestamp":1734453519000},"score":23.532602,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.28912"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"references-count":1,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.28912","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T02:55:26Z","timestamp":1777344926367,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"DST SERB","award":["CRG\/2021\/006479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/006479"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Egypt J Biol Pest Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aphidophagous syrphid, <jats:italic>Ischiodon scutellaris<\/jats:italic> (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is an effective predator of aphids that infest many agricultural and horticultural crops. Cowpea aphid, <jats:italic>Aphis craccivora<\/jats:italic> Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the natural host for culturing syrphid predator, <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic>. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding and development of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> on seven species of aphid hosts viz., <jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aphis fabae<\/jats:italic> Scopoli, <jats:italic>Aphis gossypii<\/jats:italic> Glover (from cotton), <jats:italic>Schoutedenia emblica<\/jats:italic> (Patel &amp; Kulkarni), <jats:italic>Brevicoryne brassicae<\/jats:italic> (L.), <jats:italic>Aphis gossypii<\/jats:italic> (from okra) and <jats:italic>Hyperomyzus carduellinus<\/jats:italic> (Theobald) and to identify an alternative aphid host to maintain the culture of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> during the situation of non-availability\/loss of the culture of <jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic>.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Aphis fabae<\/jats:italic> was not accepted for feeding by the larvae of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic>. The larvae of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> did not survive on <jats:italic>S. emblica<\/jats:italic>. The descending order of feeding potential of aphids by <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> was <jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic> &gt; <jats:italic>H. carduellinus<\/jats:italic> &gt; <jats:italic>B.brassicae<\/jats:italic> &gt; <jats:italic>A. gossypii<\/jats:italic> (from cotton) &gt; <jats:italic>A. gossypii<\/jats:italic> (from okra) &gt; <jats:italic>S. emblica<\/jats:italic>. The larva of <jats:italic>I. suctellaris<\/jats:italic> completed its development in combination of the aphid prey (<jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic> + <jats:italic>H. carduellinus<\/jats:italic>). The net reproductive rates (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> when fed on <jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H. carduellinus<\/jats:italic> were 308.28 and 302.33, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>) of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher when reared on <jats:italic>H. carduellinus<\/jats:italic> (0.155\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003) than on <jats:italic>A. craccivora<\/jats:italic> (0.143\u2009\u00b1\u20090.004).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results confirmed that <jats:italic>H. carduellinus<\/jats:italic> reared on <jats:italic>Lactuca virosa<\/jats:italic> could serve as an alternate host for the mass production of <jats:italic>I. scutellaris<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T13:14:48Z","timestamp":1681391688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Studies to identify an alternative aphid host for culturing the predatory syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amala","family":"Udayakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. G. R.","family":"Chandramanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timalapur M.","family":"Shivalingaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"687_CR1","first-page":"11","volume":"19","author":"A Amin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amin A, Desuky WMH, Nadia EM (2009) Studies on some parasitoids of the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Egypt. Egypt J Pest Cntrl 19(1):11\u201316","journal-title":"Egypt J Pest Cntrl"},{"issue":"2","key":"687_CR2","first-page":"178","volume":"5","author":"F Bashir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bashir F, Nayyar AM, Nafisa A, Gousia M (2013) Effect of texture\/morphology of host plants on the biology of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Int J Curr Res 5(2):178\u2013180","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res"},{"key":"687_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2307\/1605","volume":"17","author":"L Birch","year":"1948","unstructured":"Birch L (1948) The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. J Ani Ecol 17:15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1605","journal-title":"J Ani Ecol"},{"key":"687_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2307\/2403387","volume":"20","author":"RJ Chambers","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chambers RJ, Sunderland KD, Wyatt IJ, Vickerman GP (1983) The effects of predator exclusion and caging on cereal aphids in winter wheat. J Appl Ecol 20:209\u2013224","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"687_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/44.6.443","volume":"44","author":"G Davidowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davidowitz G, Nijhout HF (2004) The physiological basis of reaction norms: the interaction among growth rate, the duration of growth and body size. Int Comp Biol 44:443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icb\/44.6.443","journal-title":"Int Comp Biol"},{"key":"687_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1289-x","volume":"160","author":"N Desneux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desneux N, Barta RJ, Hoelmer KA, Hopper KR, Heimpel GE (2009) Multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid. Oecologia 160:387\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-009-1289-x","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"687_CR7","first-page":"121","volume":"3","author":"P Devjani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Devjani P, Singh TK (2006) Larval development and prey consumption of five aphidophagous predators in relation to two aphid species. Adv Indian Entomol Product Health Silver Jubil Ins Environ 3(2):121\u2013125","journal-title":"Adv Indian Entomol Product Health Silver Jubil Ins Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"687_CR8","first-page":"56","volume":"26","author":"S Joshi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Joshi S, Ballal CR, Rao NS (1998) An efficient and simple mass culturing technique for Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius), an aphidophagous syrphid. Indian J Plt Protec 26(1):56\u201361","journal-title":"Indian J Plt Protec"},{"key":"687_CR9","first-page":"9","volume":"13","author":"S Joshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Joshi S, Ballal CR, Rao NS (1999) Evaluation of biotic potential of syrphid predators Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) and Paragus serratus (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae). J Aphid 13:9\u201316","journal-title":"J Aphid"},{"key":"687_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/01448765.2014.945621","volume":"31","author":"SM Kanteh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanteh SM, Norman JE (2015) Diversity of plants with pesticidal and medicinal properties in southern Sierra Leone. Biol Agric Hortic 31:18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01448765.2014.945621","journal-title":"Biol Agric Hortic"},{"key":"687_CR11","unstructured":"Lewontin RC (1965) Selection for colonizing ability. In: The genetics of colonizing species: proceedings of the first international union of biological sciences symposia on general biol. Academic Press, New York, pp 77\u201394"},{"key":"687_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05041-5","volume":"7","author":"S Ning","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ning S, Zhang W, Sun Y, Feng J (2017) Development of insect life tables: comparison of two demographic methods of Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on different hosts. Sci Rep 7:4821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-05041-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"687_CR13","volume-title":"Insect ecology","author":"WP Price","year":"1997","unstructured":"Price WP (1997) Insect ecology, 3rd edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"687_CR14","first-page":"175","volume":"18","author":"B Radhakrishnan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan B, Muraleedharan N (1993) Bio-ecology of six species of syrphid predators of the tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) in southern India. Entomon 18:175\u2013180","journal-title":"Entomon"},{"issue":"4","key":"687_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-004-0080-3","volume":"78","author":"E Rakhshani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Kavallieratos NG, Rezwani A, Manzari S, Tomanovi\u0107 Z (2005) Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in Iran. J Pest Sci 78(4):193\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10340-004-0080-3","journal-title":"J Pest Sci"},{"key":"687_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387817-5.00035-2","author":"L Seeff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seeff L, Stickel F, Navarro VJ (2013) Hepatotoxicity of herbals and dietary supplements. Drug-Induc Liver Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-387817-5.00035-2","journal-title":"Drug-Induc Liver Dis"},{"key":"687_CR17","first-page":"652","volume":"58","author":"KC Sharma","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sharma KC, Bhalla OP (1988) Biology of six syrphid predators of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Indian J Agric Sci 58:652\u2013654","journal-title":"Indian J Agric Sci"},{"key":"687_CR18","unstructured":"Shylesha AN, Thakur NSA, Pathak KA, Rao KR, Saikia K, Surose S, Kodandaram NH, Kalaishekar A (2006) Integrated management of insect pest of crops in north eastern hill region. Tech Bull No. 19. ICAR RC for NEH Region, Umiam, p 50"},{"key":"687_CR19","first-page":"28","volume":"2","author":"R Singh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Singh R, Mishra S (1988) Development of a syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) on Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). J Aphid 2:28\u201334","journal-title":"J Aphid"},{"key":"687_CR20","unstructured":"Thakur NSA, Kalaishekhar A, Ngachan SV, Saikia K, Rahaman Z, Sharma S (2009) Insect pest of crops in North East India. In: ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Umiam, p 360"},{"key":"687_CR21","unstructured":"Villanueva RT (2019) Effects of rainfall or drought in the abundance of aphids in winter wheat. Wheat Sci Newsl 23(4). Available via https:\/\/www.kygrains.info\/blog\/2019\/8\/29\/effects-of-rainfall-or-drought-in-the-abundance-of-aphids-in-winter-wheat. Accessed 25 Oct 2022"}],"container-title":["Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T13:18:48Z","timestamp":1681391928000},"score":23.31137,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejbpc.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41938-023-00687-y","ISSN":["2536-9342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2536-9342","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:03:20Z","timestamp":1765825400149,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Kufa","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kufa Jour. Agri. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the present study, 300 adults along with 30 larvae of Episyrphus balteatus and 212 adults along with 25 larvae of Ischiodon scutellaris were collected from 15 and 13 host plants, respectively from Bahawalpur, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The adults of these two species were found mostly on all vegetables and crops together hovering for nectar and oviposition site. For studying the occurrence pattern and foraging behavior of hoverflies fields were studied systematically and adults were collected using hand nets along with photographs in the field. The data was analyzed using modern tools of data analysis SPSS23. These species were found to be frequent visitors of flowering plants and aphid-infested plants, which was later confirmed in our data that they have a strong relation to aphid colonies for oviposition to provide a healthy diet and enough nectar to develop their eggs. Owing to this, both flies possess a variety of host plants and hence were dominant and abundant in most of the vegetative fields. Moreover, it has also been brought into being that March is most preferred for both species in which the highest number of specimens were collected and observed in the field due to the availability of flowering crops and vegetables in the studied site. Exploring host-plant relation and their foraging ecology in deep molecular ecology is highly recommended, because feeding behavior and host plants preferences are highly corelated, plant traits effect on the feeding behavior of insect pests and their predator. In addition nutritional quality of plants, plant associated factors and sometimes availability of prey or other predator influence the feeding behavior of many insects. By learning the dynamics of these natural enemies and host plants, our study shows the possibility of improving biological control strategies. This insect-host plant relationship is a promising solution to sustainable pest management, highlighting the significance of ecosystem-based approaches in agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36077\/kjas\/2025\/v17i2.15507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T05:41:51Z","timestamp":1758606111000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feeding Behavior and Host Plant Preferences of Episyrphus balteatus\u200e (DeGeer) \u200e and Ischiodon scutellaris \u200e(Fabricius) \u200e in Southern Punjab, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.36077","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Roshan Ali","family":"Jamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samiullah","family":"Soomro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghulam Jaffar","family":"Kanhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"12030","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"container-title":["Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.uokufa.edu.iq\/index.php\/kjas\/article\/download\/15507\/14601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.uokufa.edu.iq\/index.php\/kjas\/article\/download\/15507\/14601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1765825208000},"score":23.129549,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.uokufa.edu.iq\/index.php\/kjas\/article\/view\/15507"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36077\/kjas\/2025\/v17i2.15507","ISSN":["2312-8186","2072-7798"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2312-8186"},{"type":"print","value":"2072-7798"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T18:10:02Z","timestamp":1734631802545,"version":"3.32.0"},"description":"This datasheet on Ischiodon aegyptius covers Identity, Distribution, Hosts\/Species Affected, Natural Enemies, Further Information.","reference-count":2,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"DOI":"10.1079\/cabicompendium.28919","type":"dataset","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T04:23:00Z","timestamp":1669350180000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ischiodon aegyptius"],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"name":"CABI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greathead DJ Greathead AH 1992. Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: the BIOCAT database. Biocontrol News and Information 13(4):61N-68N.","DOI":"10.1079\/cabireviews\/19921166435"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agboton C. Onzo A. Ouessou F. I. Goergen G. Vidal S. Tam\u00f2 M. 2014. Insect fauna associated with Anacardium occidentale (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in Benin West Africa.Journal of Insect Science (Annapolis) 14(229) 1-11. http:\/\/www.bioone.org\/doi\/full\/10.1093\/jisesa\/ieu091","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieu091"}],"container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T17:54:15Z","timestamp":1734630855000},"score":23.060242,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.28919"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"references-count":2,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.28919","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T05:19:39Z","timestamp":1734671979209,"version":"3.32.0"},"description":"This datasheet on Aedes scutellaris scutellaris covers Identity, Distribution, Hosts\/Species Affected.","reference-count":0,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"DOI":"10.1079\/cabicompendium.94872","type":"dataset","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T13:20:39Z","timestamp":1669296039000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aedes scutellaris scutellaris"],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"name":"CABI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T10:34:16Z","timestamp":1734604456000},"score":22.963099,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.94872"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.94872","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]]}}],"items-per-page":10,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":null}}}