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This hygroscopic behavior is predicted with a numerical model of the the organic\u2010water, electrolyte\u2010water, and organicelectrolyte interactions in complex mixtures of organic species and inorganic ions. The results show a 15% decrease in hygroscopic growth above 75% relative humidity for particles that include as little as 30% organic mass. Organic compositions of 50% organic mass reduce hygroscopic growth by 25%. This prediction relies on particle chemical composition estimated from measurements of insoluble organic species in marine\u2010derived particles and of soluble organic species measured in seawater. Twenty insoluble and four soluble organic species are used to represent the behavior of sea salt organic composition. The hygroscopic growth is strongly sensitive to the organic fraction that is soluble or slightly soluble, although variations among different soluble or insoluble species are small above the sodium chloride deliquescence point. Interactions between organic and electrolyte species depend primarily on the \u201csalting out\u201d behavior of NaCl with alkanes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols, although interactions with other inorganic ions in sea salt were estimated to cause small changes in the hygroscopic growth. The predicted growth factors for sea salt with &lt; 30% organic species are consistent with growth factors measured for ambient marine\u2010derived particles by another group [<jats:italic>Berg et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1998; <jats:italic>Swietlicki et al<\/jats:italic>, 2000; <jats:italic>Zhou et al<\/jats:italic>, 2001]. This coincidence suggests that the less\u2010hygroscopic particles could indicate the presence of marine organic compounds, although multiple combinations of inorganic and anthropogenic organic species would also satisfy the measured behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2001jd000454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,4]],"date-time":"2004-02-04T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1075857241000},"page":"28259-28274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Predicted hygroscopic growth of sea salt aerosol"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690210115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Physical Chemistry of Surfaces","author":"Adamson A. 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Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Organosulfur (OS) compounds are important sulfur species in atmospheric aerosol particles, due to the reduction of global inorganic sulfur emissions. Understanding the physicochemical properties, such as hygroscopicity, of OS compounds is important for predicting future aerosol\u2013cloud\u2013climate interactions. However, their hygroscopicity is not yet well understood due to the scarcity of authentic standards. In this work, we investigated a group of OS compounds with short carbon chains (C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013C\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and oxygen-containing functional groups in the form of sodium, potassium, or ammonium salts and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate. The hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of these OS compounds have been experimentally studied. Here, the HGFs were calculated from mass fraction of water that was computed using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). A good agreement was found between the model-estimated and experimental HGFs for the studied OS compounds. This quantum-chemistry-based approach for HGF estimation will open up the possibility of investigating the hygroscopicity of other OS compounds present in the atmosphere.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-11717-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T04:39:40Z","timestamp":1729485580000},"page":"11717-11725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predicting hygroscopic growth of organosulfur aerosol particles using COSMOtherm"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pnv4752","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Queensland University of Technology (Brisbane, Australia)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"Hyttinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05n3dz165","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 (Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bain, A., Chan, M.\u00a0N., and Bzdek, B.\u00a0R.: Physical properties of short chain aqueous organosulfate aerosol, Environ. 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Organosulfur (OS) compounds are important sulfur species in atmospheric aerosol particles, due to the reduction of global inorganic sulfur emissions. Understanding the physicochemical properties, such as hygroscopicity, of OS compounds is important for predicting future aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. However, their hygroscopicity is not yet well understood due to the scarcity of authentic standards. In this work, we investigated a group of OS compounds and their mixtures with ammonium sulfate, for which the hygroscopic growth factors (HGF) have been experimentally studied. Here, the HGFs were calculated from water activities computed using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). A good agreement was found between the model-estimated and experimental HGFs for the studied OS compounds. This quantum chemistry-based approach for HGF estimation will open up the possibility of investigating the hygroscopicity of other OS compounds present in the atmosphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1715052016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting Hygroscopic Growth of Organosulfur Aerosol Particles Using COSMOtherm"],"prefix":"10.5194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"Hyttinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T04:39:41Z","timestamp":1729485581000},"score":25.691519,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/egusphere.copernicus.org\/preprints\/2024\/egusphere-2024-1182\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182","relation":{"has-comment":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182-supplement","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-1182-supplement","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-24-11717-2024","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-24-11717-2024","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:21:33Z","timestamp":1725495693566},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781402064746"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781402064753"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6475-3_235","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]],"date-time":"2007-11-15T00:08:43Z","timestamp":1195085323000},"page":"1185-1189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical Particle Counter Measurement of Marine Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jefferson R.","family":"Snider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus D.","family":"Petters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"235_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1029\/91JD02728","volume":"97","author":"D. 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Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. A technique is developed for the determination of the hygroscopic growth factor of dry particles with diameter between 0.3 and 0.6 \u03bcm and is applied to measurements made during the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus experiment (DYCOMS-II). Two optical particle counters are utilized, one measures the aerosol size spectrum at ambient relative humidity and the other simultaneously dries the aerosol prior to light scattering detection. Growth factors are based on measurements made in the region of the Mie scattering curve where scattered light intensity increases monotonically with dry and wet particle diameter, i.e. D&lt;0.9 \u03bcm. Factors influencing the accuracy of the measurement are evaluated, including particle drying, refractive index and shape. Growth factors at 90\u00b13% ambient relative humidity in marine airmasses 400 km west of San Diego, California range between 1.5 and 1.8. This suggests that a significant fraction of the particle mass, between 40 and 70%, is either non-hygroscopic or weakly hygroscopic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-1949-2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]],"date-time":"2010-04-29T10:00:51Z","timestamp":1272535251000},"page":"1949-1962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Optical particle counter measurement of marine aerosol hygroscopic growth"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Snider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Petters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgardner, D., Dye, J. E., Gandrud, G. B., and Knollenberg, R. 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A technique is developed for the determination of the hygroscopic growth factor of dry particles with diameter between 0.3 and 0.6 \u00b5m and is applied to measurements made during the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus experiment. Two optical particle counters are utilized, one measures the aerosol size spectrum at ambient relative humidity and the other simultaneously dries the aerosol prior to light scattering detection. Growth factors are based on measurements made in the region of the Mie scattering curve where scattered light intensity increases monotonically with dry and wet particle diameter, i.e. D&lt;0.9 \u00b5m. Factors influencing the accuracy of the measurement are evaluated, including particle drying, refractive index and shape. Growth factors at 90\u00b13% ambient relative humidity in marine airmasses 400 km west of San Diego, California range between 1.5 and 1.8. This suggests that a significant fraction of the particle mass, between 40 and 70%, is either non-hygroscopic or weakly hygroscopic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-7-12381-2007","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]],"date-time":"2010-04-29T08:27:27Z","timestamp":1272529647000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optical particle counter measurement of marine aerosol hygroscopic growth"],"prefix":"10.5194","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Snider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Petters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgardner, D., Dye, J. E., Gandrud, G. B., and Knollenberg, R. 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Measurements revealed less growth for anthropogenically influenced aerosols than for marine, f<jats:sub>RH<\/jats:sub>(\u03c3<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>) of 1.7 \u00b10.1 vs. 2.7 \u00b1 0.4, where f<jats:sub>RH<\/jats:sub>(\u03c3<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>) = \u03c3<jats:sub>sp(85%)<\/jats:sub>\/ \u03c3<jats:sub>sp(40%)<\/jats:sub>. A combined measurement\u2010modeling approach was used to estimate \u03c3<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>; and its RH\u2010dependence, based on the measured particle size distribution and composition. The model suggested that differences in the particle size distribution, assuming the same aerosol composition, could not explain the observed differences in f<jats:sub>RH<\/jats:sub>(\u03c3<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>). We have confirmed with individual particle analysis, that aerosol composition was indeed responsible for the difference in f<jats:sub>RH<\/jats:sub>(\u03c3<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>). 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Water is a main component of atmospheric aerosols and its amount depends on the particle chemical composition. We introduce a new parameterization for the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor (HGF), based on an empirical relation between water activity (aw) and solute molality (\u03bcs) through a single solute specific coefficient \u03bdi. Three main advantages are: (1) wide applicability, (2) simplicity and (3) analytical nature. (1) Our approach considers the Kelvin effect and covers ideal solutions at large relative humidity (RH), including CCN activation, as well as concentrated solutions with high ionic strength at low RH such as the relative humidity of deliquescence (RHD). (2) A single \u03bdi coefficient suffices to parameterize the HGF for a wide range of particle sizes, from nanometer nucleation mode to micrometer coarse mode particles. (3) In contrast to previous methods, our analytical aw parameterization depends not only on a linear correction factor for the solute molality, instead \u03bdi also appears in the exponent in form x \u00b7 ax. According to our findings, \u03bdi can be assumed constant for the entire aw range (0\u20131). Thus, the \u03bdi based method is computationally efficient. In this work we focus on single solute solutions, where \u03bdi is pre-determined with the bisection method from our analytical equations using RHD measurements and the saturation molality \u03bcssat. The computed aerosol HGF and supersaturation (K\u00f6hler-theory) compare well with the results of the thermodynamic reference model E-AIM for the key compounds NaCl and (NH4)2SO4 relevant for CCN modeling and calibration studies. The equations introduced here provide the basis of our revised gas-liquid-solid partitioning model, i.e. version 4 of the EQuilibrium Simplified Aerosol Model (EQSAM4), described in a companion paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-11-24813-2011","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,5]],"date-time":"2011-09-05T05:53:38Z","timestamp":1315202018000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Aerosol hygroscopic growth parameterization based on a solute specific coefficient"],"prefix":"10.5194","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Metzger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Steil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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Measurements of the hygroscopic properties of aerosols are crucial for accurately representing their relationship with clouds, which can be a significant source of uncertainty in assessing direct and indirect radiative effects. The ability for lidar to retrieve measurements of the vertically resolved\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RH), that is, the aerosol extinction at some wet RH normalized by the aerosol extinction at a dry reference RH, is investigated here and compared with nephelometer\u2010measured\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RH) at the surface. We introduce a modified approach to fitting the lidar measurements of aerosol extinction and our comparisons reveal that lidar and nephelometer measurements of\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RH) are consistent, both with each other and with reported values in the literature. The implications for this work present a path forward for global\u2010scale retrievals of remotely sensed aerosol hygroscopic properties. Most importantly, the efforts in this study could lead to closing the gap on uncertainties associated with the aerosol indirect radiative effect when combined with inversion retrievals of aerosol microphysical properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2019jd031708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T02:31:03Z","timestamp":1586226663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ambient Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth From Combined Raman Lidar and HSRL"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3175-0456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.\u00a0W.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universities Space Research Association  Columbia MD USA"},{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center  Hampton VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1005-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.\u00a0A.","family":"Ferrare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center  Hampton VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2911-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.\u00a0H.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center  Hampton VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u00a0B.","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center  Hampton VA USA"},{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc.  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The compositional changes also result in a daily cycle in crystallization RH that is in phase with that of the ambient RH, which reduces the probability that hygroscopic particles will crystallize in the afternoon when the ambient RH is a minimum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2004jd005279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,11]],"date-time":"2005-02-11T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1108114626000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Diurnal variations in the hygroscopic growth cycles of ambient aerosol populations"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Joshua L.","family":"Santarpia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas 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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hygroscopic growth of aerosols directly affects their particle size and optical properties, and plays a crucial role in the atmospheric transport and transformation processes, thus serving as an important basis for evaluating environmental and climatic impacts. However, experimental observations on the aerosol hygroscopicity growth characteristics have always been challenging. In this study, the parameter, aerosol fluorescence capacity, is introduced to explore its performance and characteristics in the aerosol hygroscopic growth. Based on a ground-based fluorescence-Raman-Mie lidar system developed by Xi'an University of Technology, the hygroscopic growth properties of aerosol fluorescence capacity are investigated by utilizing synchronous profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity, backscattering coefficient, and fluorescence capacity. We are focused on the variation trend of the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor with relative humidity, and discussed its parameterized equation using the H\u00e4nel and Brock models, and the results are further compared with the traditional scattering hygroscopic growth factor. Two cloudy cases by lidar are involved in the study, and the results showed that, the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor can reach 1.82 and 1.60, while, the scattering hygroscopic growth factors were 1.13 and 1.46, respectively; The parameterized fitting results showed that, the Brock model achieved a fitting goodness of 0.94 and 0.98 for the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor, which were superior to the H\u00e4nel model's 0.83 and 0.86; The characteristic parameter \u03ba for the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor by the Brock model were valued 0.25 and 0.21, significantly higher than those for the scattering hygroscopic growth factor, 0.11 and 0.14. In addition, a continuous lidar detection further indicated, the characteristic parameter \u03ba for the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor of 0.41 was obtained, which was significantly higher than the \u03ba of 0.19 for the scattered hygroscopic growth factor. The results demonstrated that, compared to the traditional scattering hygroscopic growth factor, the fluorescence capacity hygroscopic growth factor exhibits stronger sensitivity and characterization ability, and can be used as an important optical parameter for evaluating aerosol hygroscopic growth characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.578064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:00:07Z","timestamp":1761717607000},"page":"48560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lidar-based investigation of aerosol hygroscopic growth characteristics using fluorescence capacity"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Wang","family":"Yufeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Xueqiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Huige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Jingjing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Dengxin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi \u2018an University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-33-23-48560-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6773","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-6773-2022","type":"journal-article","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. 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Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phase state of atmospheric particulate is important to atmospheric\nprocesses, and aerosol radiative forcing remains a large uncertainty in\nclimate predictions. That said, precise atmospheric phase behavior is\ndifficult to quantify and observations have shown that \u201cprecondensation\u201d of\nwater below predicted saturation values can occur. We propose a revised\napproach to understanding the transition from solid soluble particles to\nliquid droplets, typically described as cloud condensation nucleation \u2013 a\nprocess that is traditionally captured by K\u00f6hler theory, which describes\na modified equilibrium saturation vapor pressure due to (i)\u00a0mixing entropy\n(Raoult's law) and (ii)\u00a0droplet geometry (Kelvin effect). Given that\nobservations of precondensation are not predicted by K\u00f6hler theory, we\ndevise a more complete model that includes interfacial forces giving rise to\npredeliquescence, i.e., the formation of a brine layer wetting a salt\nparticle at relative humidities well below the deliquescence point.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-14939-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T06:10:42Z","timestamp":1539756642000},"page":"14939-14948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A thermodynamic description for the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosol particles"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Castar\u00e8de","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik S.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ackerman, T.\u00a0P. and Toon, O.\u00a0B.: Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles, Appl. 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Sinica"],"original-title":["\u53cc\u9897\u7c92\u51dd\u805a\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u7684\u5438\u6e7f\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u6563\u5c04\u7279\u6027"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.opticsjournal.net\/ViewFull0.htm?aid=OJ5d488bff4056c4d1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T03:26:49Z","timestamp":1619494009000},"score":23.723328,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.opticsjournal.net\/Articles\/Abstract?aid=OJ5d488bff4056c4d1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["OJ5d488bff4056c4d1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3788\/aos202141.0301001","ISSN":["0253-2239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0253-2239","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T17:40:06Z","timestamp":1750700406534,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SPIE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"DOI":"10.1117\/12.3071363","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T18:02:38Z","timestamp":1747418558000},"page":"72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical hygroscopic growth characterization of pollen aerosol particles based on FDTD"],"prefix":"10.1117","author":[{"given":"jiachao","family":"zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"heng","family":"zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"sipu","family":"zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"fangfang","family":"qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"yujie","family":"wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"189","reference":[{"key":"c1","article-title":"Interaction between air pollutants and pollen grains: Effects on public and occupational 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AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center","award":["UMO-2017\/27\/B\/ST10\/00549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2017\/27\/B\/ST10\/00549"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmosphere"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the first estimations of single hygroscopic parameter \u03ba for Polish urban area. The results were obtained using an inexpensive OPC-N3 optical particulate matter counter and the ASC 1000 Acoem Aerosol Conditioning System. Our studies were carried out during the winter and spring seasons, between 2020 and 2022 in Warsaw, Poland. We study the difference of \u03ba between these two seasons, as the aerosol has different origins. The mean value of the hygroscopicity parameter for spring (April\u2013June) was 0.13\u00b10.13 and for winter (December-March) it was 0.04\u00b10.04 (obtained using PM1). The mean value of the growth factor for spring (April\u2013June) was 1.52\u00b10.23 and for winter (December\u2013March) it was 1.16\u00b10.13 (obtained using PM1). The values for winter period suggest that during the cold season the aerosol mixture in the atmosphere is dominated by non-hygroscopic particles. However events of higher \u03ba &gt; 0.5 where occurring (mostly for big aerosol particles 1\u201310 \u03bcm in size), when the air mass was coming from North Atlantic carrying sea salt particles. Furthermore, based on \u03ba we propose a method to remove the dependence of PM values on relative humidity on the OPC-N3 optical particulate counter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos15010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1704114178000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determination of Hygroscopic Aerosol Growth Based on the OPC-N3 Counter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7114-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Nurowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof M.","family":"Markowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stocker, T., Qin, D., Plattner, G.K., Tignor, M., Allen, S., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. 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by"},{"value":"17.P.14 The growth of hygroscopic aerosol in humid atmosphere","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Aerosol Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-8502(94)90367-0","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1994 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:39:53Z","timestamp":1772257193492,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"group-title":"Aerosols\/Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis\/Troposphere\/Physics (physical properties and processes)","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-5153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-5153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-00564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-00564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The phase state of atmospheric particulate is important to atmospheric processes and aerosol radiative forcing remains a large uncertainty in climate predictions. That said, precise atmospheric phase behavior is difficult to quantify and observations have shown that precondensation of water below predicted saturation values can occur. We propose a revised approach to understanding the transition from solid soluble particles to liquid droplets, typically described as cloud condensation nucleation \u2013 a process that is traditionally captured by K\u00f6hler theory, which describes a modified equilibrium saturation vapor pressure due to I. mixing entropy (Raoult's law) and II. droplet geometry (Kelvin effect). Given that observations of precondensation are not predicted by K\u00f6hler theory, we devise a more complete model which includes interfacial forces giving rise to predeliquescence, i.e., the formation of a brine layer wetting a salt particle at relative humidities well below the deliquescence point.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T02:17:36Z","timestamp":1530065856000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A thermodynamic description for the hygroscopic growth of\natmospheric aerosol particles"],"prefix":"10.5194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Castar\u00e8de","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik S.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net\/acp-2018-460\/acp-2018-460.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T09:49:48Z","timestamp":1738403388000},"score":23.674232,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/18\/14939\/2018\/acp-18-14939-2018-discussion.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-2018-460","relation":{"has-comment":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460-supplement","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2018-460-supplement","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-18-14939-2018","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-18-14939-2018","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T15:26:27Z","timestamp":1775402787285,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.5\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Modeling atmospheric aerosol and cloud microphysics is rather complex, even if chemical and thermodynamical equilibrium is assumed. We show, however, that the thermodynamics can be considerably simplified by reformulating equilibrium to include water, and transform laboratory-based concepts to atmospheric conditions. We generalize the thermodynamic principles that explain hydration and osmosis \u2013 merely based on solute solubilities. In chemical and thermodynamical equilibrium the relative humidity (RH) determines the saturation molality, including solute and solvent activities (and activity coefficients), since the water content is fixed by RH for a given aerosol concentration and type. As a consequence, gas\/liquid\/solid aerosol equilibrium partitioning can be solved analytically and non-iteratively. Our new concept enables an efficient and accurate calculation of the aerosol water mass and to directly link the aerosol hygroscopic growth to haze and cloud formation.  We apply our new concept in the 3rd Equilibrium Simplified Aerosol Model (EQSAM3). Its input is limited to the species' solubilities from which a newly introduced stoichiometric coefficient for water is derived. Analogously, we introduce effective stochiometric coefficients for the solutes to account for complete or incomplete dissociation. We show that these coefficients can be assumed constant over the entire activity range and calculated for various inorganic, organic and non-electrolyte compounds, including alcohols, sugars and dissolved gases. EQSAM3 calculates the aerosol composition and gas\/liquid\/solid partitioning of mixed inorganic\/organic multicomponent solutions and the associated water uptake for almost 100 major compounds. It explicitly accounts for particle hygroscopic growth by computing aerosol properties such as single solute molalities, molal based activities, including activity coefficients for volatile compounds, and deliquescence relative humidities of mixed solutes. Various applications and a model inter-comparison indicate that a) the application is not limited to dilute binary solutions, b) sensitive aerosol properties such as the pH of binary and mixed inorganic\/organic salt solutions up to saturation can be computed accurately, and c) aerosol associated water is important for atmospheric chemistry, visibility, weather and climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-7-849-2007","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]],"date-time":"2010-04-29T08:22:52Z","timestamp":1272529372000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reformulating atmospheric aerosol thermodynamics and hygroscopic growth into haze and clouds"],"prefix":"10.5194","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Metzger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lelieveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Arrhenius, S.: Z. physik. 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Technol., 22, 93&amp;ndash;110, 1995.","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829408959730"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler, H.: The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets, Trans Faraday Soc., 32, 1152-1162, 1936.","DOI":"10.1039\/TF9363201152"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Meng, Z., Seinfeld, J. H., Saxena, P., and Kim, Y. P.: Atmospheric gas\/aerosol equilibrium. IV: Thermodynamics of carbonates, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 131&amp;ndash;154, 1995."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Metzger, S. M.: Gas\/Aerosol Partitioning: A simplified Method for Global Modeling, Ph.D. Thesis, University Utrecht, The Netherlands, ISBN:90-393-2510-3, http:\/\/igitur-archive.library.uu.nl\/dissertations\/1930853\/inhoud.htm, 2000."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metzger, S. M., Dentener, F. J., Lelieveld, J., and Pandis, S. N.: Gas\/aerosol partitioning I: A computationally efficient model, J. Geophys. 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H. and Robinson, R. A.: Interactions in aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. I. Solute solvent equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 2126&amp;ndash;2130, 1966.","DOI":"10.1021\/j100879a010"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, I. N. and Munkelwitz, H. R.: Water activities, densities, and refractive indices of aqueous sulfates and sodium nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18 801&amp;ndash;18 808, 1994.","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD01345"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van't Hoff, J. H.: Die Rolle des osmotischen Druckes in der Analogie zwischen L\u00f6sungen und Gasen, Z. physik. Chem., 1, 481, 1887.","DOI":"10.1515\/zpch-1887-0151"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vignati E., Wilson, J., and Stier, P.: M7: An efficient size-resolved aerosol microphysics module for large-scale aerosol transport models, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D22202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JD004485, 2004.","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004485"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Wexler, A. S. and Potukuchi, S.: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Tropospheric Aerosols, Atmospheric Particles, John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., 1998."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Zadanovskii, A. B.: New methods of calculating solubilities of electrolytes in multicomponent systems, Zhu. Fiz. Khim., 22, 1475&amp;ndash;1485, 1948."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaveri, R. A., Easter, R. C., and Wexler, A. S.: A new method for multicomponent activity coefficients of electrolytes in aqueous atmospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004JD004681, 2005.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004681"}],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/preprints\/7\/849\/2007\/acpd-7-849-2007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T02:43:05Z","timestamp":1739673785000},"score":23.613937,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/7\/3163\/2007\/acp-7-3163-2007-discussion.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acpd-7-849-2007","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acpd-7-849-2007-supplement","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acpd-7-849-2007-supplement","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-7-3163-2007","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-7-3163-2007","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:56:09Z","timestamp":1747227369368,"version":"3.40.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"group-title":"pico","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In this study the OPC-N3 low-cost particle matter counter was used to determine the hygroscopic properties of the aerosol. The work shows the first results of aerosol hygroscopicity conducted in Poland. The study was performed during Spring 2020 (lock-down period) and Winter 2020\/2021. The research was conducted in the Geophysics Institute at the University of Warsaw, close to the city center.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Two OPC-N3 sensors were connected to the outlet from two legs of the Aerosol Conditioning System ACS1000. In one of them, low relative humidity was kept at the level of 20%, and in the other, the relative humidity was changed in the range of 50-90% in cycles.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The calculation of growth factor was done by dividing the PM1 measured from wet pipe by PM1 measured in the dry channel. The hygroscopicity parameter &amp;amp;#954; was calculated from &amp;amp;#954;-K&amp;amp;#246;hler theory, showing a fluctuation of the &amp;amp;#954; parameter which depends on aerosol type.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The variability of &amp;amp;#954; during Spring was ranging from values of 0.075 up to 0.437 (growth factor range 1.294 &amp;amp;#8211; 2.625).&amp;amp;#160; The observed &amp;amp;#954; for Winter oscillates between 0.018 - 0.077 (growth factor range 1.057 &amp;amp;#8211; 1.246). 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