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In the present note, we document for the first time a necrophagic behavior in the whip spider Paraphrynus raptator (Pocock, 1902) which was observed feeding on Otonyctomys hatti Anthony, 1932 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and a yucatan poorwill, Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus Hartert, 1892 (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) carrion. We made the observations inside a small chamber in an ancient Mayan temple inhabited by a group of woolly false vampire bats (Chrotopterus auritus Peters, 1856) in southeastern Mexico. Carrion consumption in P. raptator is directly related with the carnivorous feeding behavior of the C. auritus group with which they coexist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1636\/joa-s-20-070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1638941299000},"page":"407-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arachnids that feed on vertebrate carrion: necrophagy by the whip spider Paraphrynus raptator (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) and its relation to the feeding behavior of the woolly false vampire bat Chrotopterus auritus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)."],"prefix":"10.1636","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Exterior s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico; E-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gual-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Exterior s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico; E-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony E.","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sistema de Colecciones Biol\u00f3gicas, Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Edificio T-10, Ciudad Universitaria Zona 12, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo A.","family":"Medell\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Exterior s\/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico; E-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1211","reference":[{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. 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Cereb Cortex 26(11):4392\u20134404","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"}],"container-title":["Animal Cognition"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01420-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01420-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01420-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:50:11Z","timestamp":1629935411000},"score":14.442743,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01420-0"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01420-0","ISSN":["1435-9448","1435-9456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-9448","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-9456","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:14:24Z","timestamp":1773346464386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 2003382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 2003382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 0413453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 0413453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 2003382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 2003382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund of the AMNH and the Vincent Roth Fund for Systematic Research of the American Arachnological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 2003382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 2003382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund of the AMNH and the Vincent Roth Fund for Systematic Research of the American Arachnological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 0413453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 0413453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund of the AMNH and the Vincent Roth Fund for Systematic Research of the American Arachnological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 2003382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 2003382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diversity"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to their continuous growth, reclusive nature, and low vagility, the distributions and species limits of many whip spiders (Amblypygi Thorell, 1883) remain poorly understood, and much cryptic diversity remains unrecognized. Past attempts to separate the historical \u201cforms\u201d of Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940 into morphologically diagnosable species resulted, for example, in the division of Paraphrynus mexicanus (Bilimek, 1867) into three species\u2014the nominotypical form, Paraphrynus cubensis Quintero, 1983, and Paraphrynus carolynae Armas, 2012. Nevertheless, the limitations of conservative morphology continue to hinder progress towards clarifying the diversity of Paraphrynus. One such example concerns P. carolynae, distributed from Arizona to central Mexico as currently defined. Through the acquisition of new, freshly collected material, the discovery of novel morphological characters, and molecular systematics analyses, it became apparent that P. carolynae comprises at least two morphologically diagnosable species. In this present contribution, the northernmost population of P. carolynae occurring in Arizona and California is described as a new species, Paraphrynus tokdod, sp. nov., raising the number of species in the genus to 22. This investigation also revealed more variation than expected in the secondary spine counts of the pedipalps and the trichobothrial counts of leg IV, previously used for species delimitation in Paraphrynus, suggesting that such characters should be used with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/d16110669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1730291139000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrative Systematics Reveals Cryptic Diversity in Paraphrynus Whip Spiders (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) from Southwestern North America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arachnology Laboratory, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA"},{"name":"The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Prendini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arachnology Laboratory, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garwood, R.J., Dunlop, J.A., Knecht, B.J., and Hegna, T.A. (2017). The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders. BMC Evol. Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-017-0931-1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ode.2004.12.004","article-title":"Systematics of the Damon variegatus group of African whip spiders (Chelicerata: Amblypygi): Evidence from behaviour, morphology, and DNA","volume":"5","author":"Prendini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Org. Divers. Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cryptic diversity in the whip spider genus Paraphrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae): Integrating morphology, karyotype, and DNA","volume":"78","author":"Seiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthropod Syst. Phylogeny"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15924","article-title":"Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world\u2019s largest whip spider (Amblypygi)","volume":"12","author":"Schramm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of Paraphrynus Moreno (Amblypygida: Phrynidae) for North America and the Antilles","volume":"116","author":"Mullinex","year":"1975","journal-title":"Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of the amblypygid spiders of Cuba and their relationships with the Caribbean and continental American amblypygid fauna","volume":"65","author":"Quintero","year":"1983","journal-title":"Stud. Fauna Cura\u00e7ao Other Caribb. Isl."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"27","article-title":"A new species of Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940 (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) from Mexico and the south-west of the United States","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Ib\u00e9rica Aracnol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2024, September 29). GBIF. Available online: https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/10680736."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2024, October 10). ArcGIS. Available online: https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1071\/IS02016","article-title":"Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae Latreille, with a discussion of phylogenetic methods","volume":"17","author":"Prendini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invertebr. Syst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx108","article-title":"MAFFT online service: Multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization","volume":"20","author":"Katoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp259","article-title":"SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building","volume":"27","author":"Gouy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","article-title":"IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era","volume":"37","author":"Minh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."}],"container-title":["Diversity"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-2818\/16\/11\/669\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:23:44Z","timestamp":1760113424000},"score":13.545843,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-2818\/16\/11\/669"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["d16110669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d16110669","ISSN":["1424-2818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-2818","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:30:45Z","timestamp":1793446245511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Arachnological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although our basic knowledge regarding the natural history of amblypygids (commonly called whip spiders; Order: Amblypygi) is expanding, there is much about these mysterious animals that remains unknown and unexplored. In particular, we know relatively little about social interactions and potential communication displays within and across sexes, despite observed variation in species studied to date. To acquire basic knowledge about amblypygid communication, we quantified the behavior of juvenile and adult Paraphrynus laevifrons (Pocock, 1894) across social interaction types. Specifically, we staged the following adult interaction types \u2013 male-female, female-female, and male-male - as well as juvenile-juvenile interactions. Adults performed an array of behavior during social interactions. Some of the observed behaviors are similar to those reported in other species, while others we describe here de novo. Across adult social interaction types, we found no significant differences in social interaction duration nor escalation. Adult social interactions were more likely to escalate to pedipalp grappling the larger the size of the interacting pair. Juveniles rarely engaged in social interactions, and those that did occur were shorter than adult social interactions; juvenile social interactions never escalated beyond antenniform leg touching, a behavior associated with examining an individual's surroundings. We discuss the behavioral repertoire of social interactions in P. laevifrons in relation to what is known from other amblypygid species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1636\/0161-8202-48.2.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T08:13:51Z","timestamp":1601453631000},"page":"146-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A characterization of social interactions across age and sex in the amblypygid Paraphrynus laevifrons"],"prefix":"10.1636","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Tyler B.","family":"Corey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 324 Manter Hall, Lincoln NE, United States, 68588; E-mail: Tylercorey13@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen A.","family":"Hebets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 324 Manter Hall, Lincoln NE, United States, 68588; E-mail: Tylercorey13@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1211","reference":[{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Chapin,  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  43, \"Cave-epigean behavioral variation of the whip spider Phrynus longipes (Arachnida: Amblypygi) evidenced by activity, vigilance, and aggression.\" 214 (2015)","DOI":"10.1636\/J15-04"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"J. Beccaloni,  \"Arachnids.\"  ,  (2009)"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"R.F. Foelix,  \"Biology of Spiders.\"  ,  (2011)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Chapin  and E.A. Hebets  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  44, \"The behavioral ecology of amblypygids.\" 1 (2016)","DOI":"10.1636\/V15-62.1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.D. Fowler-Finn  and E.A. Hebets  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  34, \"An examination of agonistic interactions in the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 62 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S04-104.1"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.E. Walsh  and L.S. Rayor  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  36, \"Kin discrimination in the amblypygid, Damon diadema.\" 336 (2008)","DOI":"10.1636\/CSt07-138.1"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.W. McArthur, G.S. Miranda, M. Seiter, et al.  \"Zoologischer Anzeiger.\"  273, \"Global patterns of sexual dimorphism in Amblypygi.\" 56 (2018)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2018.02.005"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.A. Adamo  and R.T. Hanlon  \"Animal Behaviour.\"  52, \"Do cuttlefish (Cephalopoda) signal their intentions to conspecifics during agonistic encounters?\" 73 (1996)","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0153"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.G. Anderson  and E.A. Hebets  \"Biology Letters.\"  12, \"Benefits of size dimorphism and copulatory silk wrapping in the sexually cannibalistic nursery web spider, Pisaurina mira.\" 20150957 (2016)","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0957"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Chapin  and S. Hill-Lindsay  \"Behavioural Processes.\"  122, \"Territoriality evidenced by asymmetric intruder-holder motivation in an amblypygid.\" 110 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2015.11.014"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.J. Chapin  and S. Reed-Guy  \"Behavioural Processes.\"  122, \"Territoriality mediates atypical size-symmetric cannibalism in the Amblypygi Phrynus longipes.\" 772 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.12647"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.B. Corey  and E.A. Hebets  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  45, \"Microhabitat use in the amblypygid Paraphrynus laevifrons.\" 223 (2017)","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-16-055.1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.R. Egge, Y. Brandt, J.G. Swallow,  \"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.\"  65, \"Sequential analysis of aggressive interactions in the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni.\" 369 (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-010-1054-5"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.O. Elias, E.A. Hebets, R.R. Hoy, et al.  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  34, \"Regional seismic song differences in Sky Island populations of the jumping spider Habronattus pugillis Griswold (Araneae, Salticidae).\" 545 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S05-77.1"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.O. Elias, M.M. Kasumovic, D. Punzalan, et al.  \"Animal Behaviour.\"  76, \"Assessment during aggressive contests between male jumping spiders.\" 901 (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.01.032"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.O. Elias, A.C. Mason, W.P. Maddison, et al.  \"Journal of Experimental Biology.\"  206, \"Seismic signals in a courting male jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae).\" 4029 (2003)","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00634"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"R. Foelix  and E.A. Hebets  \"Andrias.\"  15, \"Sensory biology of whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 129 (2001)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.B. Girard, M.M. Kasumovic, D.O. Elias,  \"PLoS ONE.\"  6, \"Multi-modal courtship in the peacock spider, Maratus volans (O.P.-Cambridge, 1874).\" e25390 (2011)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025390"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Harvey,  \"Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae.\"  ,  (2003)","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643090071"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.A. Hebets,  \"Canadian Journal of Zoology.\"  80, \"Relating the unique sensory system of amblypygids to the ecology and behavior of Phrynus parvulus from Costa Rica (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 286 (2002)","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-006"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.E. Herberstein, A.E. Wignall, E.A. Hebets, et al.  \"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews.\"  46, \"Dangerous mating systems: Signal complexity, signal content, and neural capacity in spiders.\" 509 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.018"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.E. Masta  and W.P. Maddison  \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.\"  99, \"Sexual selection driving diversification in jumping spiders.\" 4442 (2002)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072493099"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.H. McGinley, V. Mendez, P.W. Taylor,  \"Australian Journal of Zoology.\"  63, \"Natural history and display behaviour of Servea incana, a common and widespread Australian jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae).\" 300 (2015a)","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO15032"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.H. McGinley, J. Prenter, P.W. Taylor,  \"Animal Behaviour.\"  101, \"Assessment strategies and decision making in male-male contests of Servea incana jumping spiders.\" 89 (2015b)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.12.014"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"O. McMonigle,  \"Breeding the World's Largest Living Arachnid: Amblypygid Biology, Natural History, and Captive Husbandry.\"  ,  (2013)"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.L. Miller, G.E. Stratton, P.R. Miller, et al.  \"Animal Behaviour.\"  56, \"Geographical variation in male courtship behavior and sexual isolation in wolf spiders of the genus Schizocosa.\" 937 (1998)","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0851"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado , G. Giribet,  \"Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones.\"  ,  (2007)","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv322v442"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.W. Popp,  \"Behavior.\"  103, \"Risk and effectiveness in the use of agonistic displays by American goldfinches.\" 141 (1987)","DOI":"10.1163\/156853987X00314"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.J. Porto  and P.E.C. Peixoto  \"Journal of Ethology.\"  31, \"Experimental evidence of habitat selection and territoriality in the Amazonian whip spider Heterophrynus longicornis (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 299 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-013-0379-8"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.S. Rayor  and L.A. Taylor  \"Journal of Arachnology.\"  34, \"Social behavior in amblypygids, and a reassessment of arachnid social patterns.\" 399 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S04-23.1"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.D. Santer  and E.A. Hebets  \"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences.\"  275, \"Agonistic signals received by an arthropod filiform hair allude to the prevalence of near-field sound communication.\" 363 (2008)","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1466"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.D. Santer  and E.A. Hebets  \"Advances in Insect Physiology.\"  41, \"The sensory and behavioural biology of whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\"  (2011a)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415919-8.00001-X"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.D. Santer  and E.A. Hebets  \"PLoS ONE.\"  6, \"Evidence of air movement signals in the agonistic behaviour of a nocturnal arachnid (Order Amblypygi).\" e22473 (2011b)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022473"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.K. Schwartz, W.E. Wagner, E.A. Hebets,  \"Animal Behaviour.\"  93, \"Obligate male death and sexual cannibalism in dark fishing spiders.\" 151 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.04.037"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.C. Scott-Phillips,  \"Journal of Evolutionary Biology.\"  21, \"Defining biological communication.\" 387 (2007)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2007.01497.x"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Sih,  \"Ecology.\"  63, \"Foraging strategies and the avoidance of predation by an aquatic insect, Notonecta hoffmanni.\" 786 (1982)","DOI":"10.2307\/1936799"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.U. Sneddon, F.A. Huntingford, A.C. 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Weygoldt,  \"Zoologica Stuttgart.\"  150, \"Sperm transfer, spermatophore morphology, and female genatalia of three species of whip spiders: Charinus seychellarum Kraepelin, 1898, Damon medius (Herbst, 1797), Phrynichus scaber (Gervais, 1844) (Chelicerata, Amblypygi).\" 47 (1999)"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Weygoldt,  \"Whip Spiders (Chelicerata: Amblypygi) Their Biology, Morphology and Systematics.\"  ,  (2000)","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004473539"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Weygoldt,  \"Zoologischer Anzeiger.\"  241, \"Fighting, courtship, and spermatophore morphology of the whip spider Musicodamon atlanteus Fage, 1939 (Phrynichidae) (Chelicerata, Amblypygi).\" 245 (2002)","DOI":"10.1078\/0044-5231-00072"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.B. Wolf, E.D. Brodie, A.J. Moore,  \"American Naturalist.\"  153, \"Interacting phenotypes and the evolutionary process. II. Selection resulting from social interactions.\" 254 (1999)","DOI":"10.2307\/2463822"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:38:43Z","timestamp":1793443123000},"score":13.517031,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/the-journal-of-arachnology\/volume-48\/issue-2\/0161-8202-48.2.146\/A-characterization-of-social-interactions-across-age-and-sex-in\/10.1636\/0161-8202-48.2.146.full"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/0161-8202-48.2.146","ISSN":["0161-8202","1937-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8202","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-2396","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T03:46:16Z","timestamp":1648957576450},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecol. Mont"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper gives the\u00a0first record of the whip-spider Paraphrynus cubensis Quintero, 1983 (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) from eastern Cuba.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37828\/em.2017.15.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T21:11:52Z","timestamp":1588194712000},"page":"17-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FIRST RECORD OF THE WHIP-SPIDER PARAPHRYNUS CUBENSIS QUINTERO, 1983 (AMBLYPYGI: PHRYNIDAE) FROM EASTERN CUBA"],"prefix":"10.37828","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rolando","family":"Teruel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24704","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]},"container-title":["Ecologica Montenegrina"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/em\/article\/download\/em.2017.15.3\/30586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/em\/article\/download\/em.2017.15.3\/30586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T10:20:53Z","timestamp":1623752453000},"score":13.069057,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/em\/article\/view\/em.2017.15.3"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37828\/em.2017.15.3","ISSN":["2336-9744","2337-0173"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2336-9744","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2337-0173","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:47:47Z","timestamp":1776329267263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Argentina","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The whip spider Paraphrynus maya Armas, Trujillo &amp; Agreda, 2017, (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) previously known only from Guatemala, is recorded for the first time from Honduras on the basis of an adult female from Trojes, El Para\u00edso department, Honduras. Now, the Honduran arachnofauna contains two confirmed Paraphrynus species: Pa. laevifrons (Pocock, 1894) and Pa. maya. Also, the paratypes of Pa. maya from Alta Verapaz department, Guatemala, are regarded as misidentified specimens of Pa. williamsi Mullinex, 1975<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25085\/rsea.830211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T14:38:41Z","timestamp":1749566321000},"page":"87-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The true identity and distribution of Paraphrynus maya (Amblypygi: Phrynidae), with the first record from Honduras"],"prefix":"10.25085","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Luis F.","family":"DE ARMAS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex M.","family":"CUBAS-RODR\u00cdGUEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10712","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"container-title":["Revista de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Argentina"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T14:38:45Z","timestamp":1749566325000},"score":12.70113,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/RSEA\/article\/view\/84602"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25085\/rsea.830211","published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T14:53:14Z","timestamp":1648565594926},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The University of Kansas","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RandA"],"DOI":"10.17161\/randa.v28i1.15338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T18:06:33Z","timestamp":1626372393000},"page":"96-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tailless Whip Scorpions (Paraphrynus laevifrons) preying on metamorphic juvenile Gliding Leaf Frogs (Agalychnis spurrelli) in Costa Rica"],"prefix":"10.17161","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Raby","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Escalante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garro Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6672","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"container-title":["Reptiles &amp; Amphibians"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ku.edu\/reptilesandamphibians\/article\/download\/15338\/13872","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ku.edu\/reptilesandamphibians\/article\/download\/15338\/13872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T18:06:34Z","timestamp":1626372394000},"score":12.322954,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.ku.edu\/reptilesandamphibians\/article\/view\/15338"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17161\/randa.v28i1.15338","ISSN":["2332-4961","2330-3956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2332-4961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2330-3956","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1791287330152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006363","name":"National Geographic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9400-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9400-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>Amplypygids, or whip spiders, are nocturnal, predatory arthropods that display a robust ability to navigate to their home refuge. Prior field observations and displacement studies in amblypygids demonstrated an ability to home from distances as far away as 10 meters. In the current study, micro-transmitters were used to take morning position fixes of individual Paraphrynus laevifrons following an experimental displacement of 10 m from their home refuge. The intent was to assess the relative importance of vision compared to sensory input acquired from the antenniform legs for navigation as well as other aspects of their spatial behavior. Displaced individuals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups : (i) control individuals-C, (ii) vision deprived individuals-VD, and (iii) individuals with sensory input from the tips of their antenniform legs compromised-AD. C and VD subjects were generally sucessful in returning home, and the direction of their movement on the first night following displacement was homeward oriented. By contrast, AD subjects experienced a complete loss of navigational ability, and movement on their first night indicated no hint of homeward orientation. The data strongly support the hypothesis that sensory input from the tips of the antenniform legs is necessary for successful homing in amblypygids following displacement to an unfamiliar location, and we hypothesize an essential role of olfaction for this navigational ability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.149823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T02:21:19Z","timestamp":1482546079000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Importance of the antenniform legs, but not vision, for homing by the neotropical whip spider,<i>Paraphrynus laevifrons<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verner P.","family":"Bingman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob M.","family":"Graving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen A.","family":"Hebets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Wiegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042512042221100_JEB149823C1","volume-title":"Circular Statistics in Biology","author":"Batschelet","year":"1981"},{"key":"2021042512042221100_JEB149823C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb00442.x","article-title":"Tagesperiodik, Revierverhalten und Beutefang der Gei\u00dfelspinne Admetus pumilio C. L. Koch im Freiland","volume":"35","author":"Beck","year":"1974","journal-title":"Z. 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Zool."},{"key":"2021042512042221100_JEB149823C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(00)00068-8","article-title":"Electrophysiological studies of olfaction in the whip spider Phrynus parvulus (Arachnida, Amblypygi)","volume":"46","author":"Hebets","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"2021042512042221100_JEB149823C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-013-0718-8","article-title":"Nocturnal homing in the tropical amblypygid Phrynus pseudoparvulus (Class Arachnida, Order Amblypygi)","volume":"17","author":"Hebets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. 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