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The genome sequence is 517 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.68%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the W and Z sex chromosome assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 12,288 protein coding genes.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17278.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T10:50:05Z","timestamp":1635159005000},"page":"287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The genome sequence of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758)"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Lohse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Taylor-Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Tree of Life Core Informatics collective","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Darwin Tree of Life Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"baw093","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baw093","article-title":"The Ensembl Gene Annotation System.","volume":"2016","author":"B Aken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Database (Oxford)."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"lqz024","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqz024","article-title":"RNAsamba: Neural Network-Based Assessment of the Protein-Coding Potential of RNA Sequences.","volume":"2","author":"A Camargo","year":"2020","journal-title":"NAR Genom Bioinform."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361-74","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.119.400908","article-title":"BlobToolKit - Interactive Quality Assessment of Genome Assemblies.","volume":"10","author":"R Challis","year":"2020","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170-75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01056-5","article-title":"Haplotype-Resolved de Novo Assembly Using Phased Assembly Graphs with Hifiasm.","volume":"18","author":"H Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508-10","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw159","article-title":"gEVAL - a web-based browser for evaluating genome assemblies.","volume":"32","author":"W Chow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397-464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1938.tb03219.x","article-title":"Chromosomenzahlen Finnl\u00e4n-Discher Lepidopteren.","volume":"24","author":"H Federley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hereditas."},{"key":"ref-7","article-title":"Hahromosomenzahlen Finnl\u00e4n-Discher Lepidopg","author":"E Garrison","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007273","article-title":"Integrating Hi-C Links with Assembly Graphs for Chromosome-Scale Assembly.","volume":"15","author":"J Ghurye","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.9259","article-title":"Histoire naturelle des l\u00e9pidopt\u00e8res ou papillons de France","author":"J Godart","year":"1821"},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896-98","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa025","article-title":"Identifying and Removing Haplotypic Duplication in Primary Genome Assemblies.","volume":"36","author":"D Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"ref-11","first-page":"25-28","article-title":"Rhopalocera in the Scottish Western Isles in 1948 with an Account of Two New Forms of Pararge Aegeria L.(Lepidoptera, Satyridae).","volume":"85","author":"J Harrison","year":"1949","journal-title":"Entomologist\u2019s Monthly Magazine."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197-1206","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0763","article-title":"Climate and Habitat Availability Determine 20th Century Changes in a Butterfly\u2019s Range Margin.","volume":"266","author":"J Hill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences."},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"Descriptions of a New British Subspecies of Pararge Aegeria (L.)(Lepidoptera, Satyridae) and an Aberration of Cupido Minimus (Fuessly)(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).","author":"T Howarth","year":"1971","journal-title":"Entomologist\u2019s Gazette."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"giaa153","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa153","article-title":"Significantly Improving the Quality of Genome Assemblies through Curation.","volume":"10","author":"K Howe","year":"2021","journal-title":"GigaScience."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W12-16","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx428","article-title":"CPC2: A Fast and Accurate Coding Potential Calculator Based on Sequence Intrinsic Features.","volume":"45","author":"Y Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1486-1","article-title":"HiGlass: Web-Based Visual Exploration and Analysis of Genome Interaction Maps.","volume":"19","author":"P Kerpedjiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D271-75","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm845","article-title":"OrthoDB: The Hierarchical Catalog of Eukaryotic Orthologs.","volume":"36","author":"E Kriventseva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628-39","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13354","article-title":"Historical and Current Patterns of Gene Flow in the butterfly Pararge Aegeria.","volume":"45","author":"L Livraghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143-57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01056.x","article-title":"Life-Cycle Regulation and Life History Plasticity in the Speckled Wood Butterfly: Are Reaction Norms Predictable?","volume":"55","author":"S Nylin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 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KL is supported by a NERC fellowship (NE\/L011522\/1) and an ERC grant (ModelGenom Land 757648). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T15:01:21Z","timestamp":1770130881271,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"JSTOR","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oikos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/3546300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,16]],"date-time":"2006-11-16T18:22:17Z","timestamp":1163701337000},"page":"323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Interpopulation Variation in Phenotypic Plasticity in the Speckled Wood Butterfly, Pararge aegeria"],"prefix":"10.2307","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"R. 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