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A lectotype is designated for Tanytarsus tenellulus Goetghebuer, 1921. The tenellulus-group has an isolated position within the genus and it is possible that it later must be given full generic rank. The ecology of Paratanytarsus tenellulus is discussed.<\/jats:p>\n         <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1163\/187631277x00233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,3]],"date-time":"2010-07-03T09:32:39Z","timestamp":1278149559000},"page":"167-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Redescription of Paratanytarsus tenellulus (Goetghebuer, 1921) (Diptera: Chironomidae)"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"S\u00e4wedal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Lars S\u00e4wedal, Dept. of Systematic Zoology, Univ. of Lund, Helgonav\u00e4gen 3, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"21, Brooks Road, MARCH, Cambs. 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P. corbii larvae were collected on sediment and aquatic vegetation of the headwater of the Anhumas Reservoir (Am\u00e9rico Brasiliense, SP) and reared in laboratory to obtain the pupal exuviae and associated adults. The adult males of P. silentii were obtained from Malaise net put over the C\u00f3rrego do Sil\u00eancio located in Parque Estadual do Jaragu\u00e1 (S\u00e3o Paulo, SP). The shape of the anal point and the absence of anal point crests are the main characteristics that distinguish P. corbii and P. silentii males from the majority species of the genus. The arrangement of spines on tergites III\u2013V separates the pupae of P. corbii from other species. The length of pedicels and the pecten epipharyngis design are diagnostic for the larvae of P. corbii.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2726.1.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T01:17:08Z","timestamp":1548206228000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Two new species of Paratanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from southeast of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"2726","author":[{"given":"SUSANA","family":"TRIVINHO-STRIXINO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.1","unstructured":"<p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Bause, E. (1913) Die metamorphose der gattung <em>Tanytarsus <\/em>und einige verwandter Tendipedidenarten. Ein beitrag zur systematik der tendipediden. <em>Archiv f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie<\/em>, Supplement 2, 1-126.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Bolton, M.J., Ekrem, T., Sublette, J.E &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.2","unstructured":"Sublette, M.F. (2010) A new species of <em>Paratanytarsus <\/em>Thienemann and Bause (Diptera: Chironomidae) with unusual larval and adult male morphology. In: Ferrington, L.C. Jr. (Ed.), <em>Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae<\/em>, pp. 262-271, in press.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Langton, P.H. (1994) If not ''filaments'' then what? <em>Chironomus,<\/em> 6, 9.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Nessimian, J.L., Amorim, R.M., Henriques Oliveira, A.L. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.3","unstructured":"Sanseverino, A.M. (2003) Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Levantamento dos g\u00eaneros e habitats de ocorr\u00eancia. <em>Publica\u00e7\u00f5es Avulsas do Museu Nacional<\/em>, 98, 1-16.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Reiss, F. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.4","unstructured":"S\u00e4wedal, L. (1981) Keys to males and pupae of the Palaeartic (excl. Japan) <em>Paratanytarsus <\/em>Thienemann &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.5","unstructured":"Bause, 1913, n. comb., with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Entomologia scandinavica, <\/em>Supplement 15, 73-104.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Roque, F.O., Correia, L.C.S., Trivinho-Strixino, S. &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strixino, G. (2004) A review of Chironomidae studies in lentic systems in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. <em>Biota Neotropica<\/em> v4(n2) http:\/\/www.biotaneotropica.org.br\/v4n2\/pt\/abstract?article+BN03104022004.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">S\u00e6ther O.A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies,keys. <em>Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada<\/em>, 197 1-211.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">S\u00e6ther O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae).<em> Entomologia scandinavica, <\/em>Supplement 14, 1-51<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Spies M., Reiss F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). <em>Spixiana,<\/em> Supplement 22, 61-119.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Wang, X. &amp","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-06032004000200007"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.7","unstructured":"Guo, Y. (2005) <em>Paratanytarsus <\/em>Thienemann &amp"},{"key":"#cr-split#-44520.8","unstructured":"Bause from China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini). <em>Zootaxa<\/em>,<em> <\/em>940, 1-15.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Wiedenbrug, S., Ospina-Torres, R. (2005) A Key to pupal exuviae of Neotropical Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Amazoniana <\/em>(Kiel), 18, 317-371.<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.2726.1.3\/18895","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.2726.1.3\/18895","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T07:51:00Z","timestamp":1720943460000},"score":15.664299,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.2726.1.3"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.2726.1.3","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:33:14Z","timestamp":1790670794274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reviews the Tanytarsini genus Paratanytarsus from China. Paratanytarsus paralauterborni is described as new to science. The male of an unnamed species (sp. A) also is described. Two newly recorded species from China \u2014 P. inopterus (Walker) and P. tenuis (Meigen) \u2014 and P. dissimilis (Johansen) are redescribed and figured as males. The female of P. grimmii (Schneider) is reexamined and illustrated. A key to the males of the Chinese Paratanytarsus is given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.940.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T22:11:15Z","timestamp":1486678275000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paratanytarsus Thienemann &amp;amp; Bause from China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini)"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"940","author":[{"given":"XINHUA","family":"WANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUHONG","family":"GUO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"28102","unstructured":"<p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Albu, P. (1980) Diptera. fam. Chironomidae-Subfam. Chironominae. <em>Fauna Republic Socialist Rom\u00e2nia. Insecta,<\/em> 11 (13), 1\u2013320.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ashe, P. &amp; Cranston, P.S. (1990) Family Chironomidae. <em>In<\/em>: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds.), <em>Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 2<\/em>, pp. 113\u2013355.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Bause, E. (1913) Die Metamorphose der Gattung <em>Tanytarsus<\/em> und einiger verwandter Tendipedidenarten. Ein Beitrag zur systematic der Tendipediden.<em> Archiv f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie, Supplement<\/em>, 2, 1\u2013126.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. <em>Arkiv f\u00fcr Zoologie<\/em>, 39 (3), 1\u201395.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Brundin, L. (1949) Chironomiden und andere Bodentiere der s\u00fcdschwedischen Urgebirgsseen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bodenfaunistischen Charakterz\u00fcge schwedischer oligotropher Seen. <em>Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm.<\/em> Report No. 30, 1\u2013914.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Chaudhuri, P.K., Hazra, N. &amp; Alfred, J.R.B. (2001) A checklist of chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Indian subcontinent. <em>Oriental Insects<\/em>, 35, 335\u2013372.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Cranston, P.S., Dillon, M.E., Pinder, L.C.V., Reiss, F. (1989) The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region Keys and diagnoses. <em>Entomologica Scandinavica<\/em>, <em>Supplement<\/em>, 34, 353\u2013502.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Edwards, F.W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). <em>Transactions of the Entomological Society of London<\/em>, 77 (II), 279\u2013430.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. <em>Australian Journal of Zoology<\/em>, 9, 611\u2013737.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Glover, B. (1973) The Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae) of Australia. <em>Australian Journal of Zoology<\/em>, 23, 403\u2013478.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Goetghebuer, M. (1928) Dipt\u00e8res (N\u00e9matoc\u00e8res). Chironomidae. III. Chironomariae. <em>Faune de France<\/em>, 5, 1\u2013174.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Goetghebuer, M. (1937a) Quatre Chironomides nouveaux d Allemagne. <em>Archives f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie<\/em>,<em> <\/em>31, 508\u2013510.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Goetghebuer, M. (1937\u20131954) Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). b) Subfamilie Tendipedinae (Chironomidae). A. Die Imagines. <em>In<\/em>: Lindner, E. (Ed.): <em>Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region<\/em> 13c, 1\u2013138.<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Goetghebuer, M. 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(1984) The larvae of some Tendipedidae midge (Diptera) from Qinghai Lake and its river system. <em>Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica<\/em>, 2, 67\u201374. (In Chinese).<\/p><p class=\"HeadingRunIn\">Ye, C.J. &amp; Wang, J.L. (1982) Studies on Chironomidae larvae of Qinghai Province. <em>Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica<\/em>, 1, 101\u2013110. (In Chinese).<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.940.1.1\/8591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.940.1.1\/8591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T21:45:59Z","timestamp":1710798359000},"score":15.33112,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.940.1.1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.940.1.1","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:34:26Z","timestamp":1793435666162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Osmylus Scientific Publishers","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Notulae odonatologicae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe larval Paratanytarsus sp. as epibionts on larvae of Calopteryx xanthostoma and C. haemorrhoidalis in the Tordera River, NE Iberian Peninsula. Tubular cases were fixed to different body parts such as thorax, abdomen, legs, and wing sheaths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.60024\/zenodo.5702961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T15:33:23Z","timestamp":1692113603000},"page":"367-371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Paratanytarsus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) as commensal on larval Calopteryx (Odonata: Calopterygidae)"],"prefix":"10.60024","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ricard","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d'Hist\u00f2ria Natural, c\/del Carme 47, 08001 Barcelona; ; xavier.maynou@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Maynou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana d'Hist\u00f2ria Natural, c\/del Carme 47, 08001 Barcelona; ; xavier.maynou@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"39637","reference":[{"key":"3","unstructured":"P.S. Corbet,  \"Dragonflies: behaviour and ecology of Odonata.\"  (1999)"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"R. Mart\u00edn  and X. Maynou  \"Bolet\u00edn de la Sociedad entomol\u00f3gica aragonesa.\"  68, \"A case of phoresis between Rheotanytarsus Thienemann & Bause, 1913 (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) and Calopteryx Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Odonata: Calopterygidae).\" 388 (2021)"},{"key":"1","unstructured":"M.J. Bolton, T. Ekrem, J.E. Sublette, et al.  \"Proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae.\"  \"A new species of Paratanytarsus Thienemann and Bause (Diptera: Chironomidae) with unusual larval and adult male morphology.\" 262 (2010)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Boonsoong,  \"Annales de Limnolgie \u2013 International Journal of Limnology.\"  52, \"Phoretic associations between Nanocladius asiaticus (Diptera, Chironomidae) and its hosts Gestroiella (Heteroptera, Naucoridae) and Euphaea masoni (Odonata, Euphaeiae) in streams in Western Thailand.\" 163 (2016)","DOI":"10.1051\/limn\/2015025"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"C. De la Rosa  and A. Ramirez  \"Odonatologica.\"  24, \"A note on phototactic behavior and on phoretic associations in larvae of Me-cistogaster ornata Rambur from northern Costa Rica (Zygoptera: Pseudostigmatidae).\" 219 (1995)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.M Dosdall, P. Mason, D. Lehmkuhl,  \"The Canadian Entomologist.\"  118, \"First records of phoretic Chironomidae (Diptera) associated with nymphs of Pteronarcys dorsata (Say) (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae).\" 511 (1986)","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent118511-6"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.M. Dosdall  and D.W. Parker  \"The American Midland Naturalist.\"  139, \"First report of a symphoretic association between Nanocladius branchicolus Saether (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Argia moesta (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae).\" 181 (1998)","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031(1998)139[0181:FROASA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Dudgeon,  \"Archiv f\u00fcr Hydrobiologie.\"  115, \"Phoretic Diptera (Nematocera) on Zygonyx iris (Odonata: Anisoptera) from a Hong Kong river: incidence, composition and attachment sites.\" 433 (1989)","DOI":"10.1127\/archiv-hydrobiol\/115\/1989\/433"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ferreras-Romero, M.D. Atienzar, P.S. Corbet,  \"International Journal of Odonatology.\"  3, \"Voltinism of Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis (Vander Linden) in the Sierra Morena Mountains, southern Spain (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae): a preliminary study.\" 125 (2000)","DOI":"10.1080\/13887890.2000.9748143"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.H. Hawking  and J.A.L. Watson  \"Aquatic Insects.\"  12, \"First Australian record of Chironomid larvae epizoic on larval Odonata.\" 241 (1990)","DOI":"10.1080\/01650429009361412"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"\"Online on the internet, URL (26-vi-2021).\"  (2021)"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"F. Reiss  and L. L. S\u00e4wedal  \"Entomologica scandinavica Supplement.\"  15, \"Keys to males and pupae of the Palaearctic (excl. Japan) Paratanytarsus Thienemann & Bause, 1913, n. comb., with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Chironomidae).\" 73 (1981)"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Ricciardi,  \"Canadian Journal of Zoology.\"  72, \"Occurrence of chironomid larvae (Paratanytarsus sp.) as commensals in dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. hugen-sis).\" 1159 (1994)","DOI":"10.1139\/z94-155"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"D. Rosenberg,  \"Quaestiones entomologicae.\"  8, \"A chironomid (Diptera) larva attached to a libellulid (Odonata) larva.\" 3 (1972)"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Tokeshi,  \"Freshwater Biology.\"  29, \"On the evolution of commensalism in the Chironomidae.\" 481 (1993)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00782.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.J. Vallenduuk  and H.K.M. Moller Pillot  \"Chironomidae Larvae, Vol. 1: Tanypodinae: General Ecology and Tanypodinae.\"  (2007)","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004278035"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.F.J. Vescovi Rosa, R.T. Martins, V.C. de Oliveira, et al.  \"Zoologia.\"  26, \"Phoretic association between larvae of Rheotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) and genera of Odonata in a first-order stream in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.\" 787 (2009)","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-46702009000400025"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"T.R. White  and R.C. Fox  \"Notulae odonatologicae.\"  1, \"Chironomid (Diptera) larvae and hydroptilid (Trichoptera) pupae attached to a macromiid nymph (Anisoptera).\" 76 (1979)"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"T.R. White, J.S. Weaver, R.C. Fox,  \"Entomological News.\"  91, \"Phoretic relationships between Chironomidae (Diptera) and benthic macroinvertebrates.\" 69 (1980)"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"H. Wildermuth,  \"Libellula.\"  20, \"Moostierchen und Zuckm\u00fccken als Epizoen von Ma-cromia amphigena (Bryozoa: Plumatellidae; Diptera: Chironomidae; Odonata: Macromiidae).\" 97 (2001a)"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"H. Wildermuth,  \"Libellula.\"  20, \"Zuckm\u00fcckenlarven als Epizoen von Somatochlora metallica (Diptera: Chironomidae; Odonata: Corduliidae).\" 171 (2001b)"}],"container-title":["Notulae odonatologicae"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:11:09Z","timestamp":1793434269000},"score":14.758448,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/notulae-odonatologicae\/volume-9\/issue-8\/zenodo.5702961\/Paratanytarsus-sp-Diptera--Chironomidae-as-commensal-on-larval-Calopteryx\/10.60024\/zenodo.5702961.full"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60024\/zenodo.5702961","ISSN":["0166-6584","0166-6584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-6584","type":"print"},{"value":"0166-6584","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:27:18Z","timestamp":1792625238323,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The occurrence and mass development of macroinvertebrates in drinking water networks is a challenge for drinking water pipe management. A current problem is the development of larvae of the chironomid Paratanytarsus grimmii (mosquito), a so-called pest organism that can have severe impacts on water quality due to mass accumulation from parthenogenic reproduction, biofouling and other aesthetic reasons. The aim of this study was to develop a new practical method for determining larvae size classes and analyzing the growth of the larvae. Knowledge of the dimensions, life cycle and fertility of these larvae within drinking water networks is essential for any risk analysis and the development of P. grimmii pest-control strategies. A two-year study of P. grimmii in a drinking water distribution system in Northern Germany was conducted, and P. grimmii population dynamics are presented. The parthenogenetic reproduction of P. grimmii without any pharate females (facultative flying stage) within the drinking water distribution system was proofed. In 2020 and 2021, five generations of P. grimmii were observed per year, with a maximum abundance of 6350 ind. m\u22123. Mass accumulation occurred in the late-summer\/autumn period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w15030377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T02:58:16Z","timestamp":1673924296000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Paratanytarsus grimmii (Chironomidae) Larvae in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Impairment or Disaster?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Christopher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaLytis, 15745 Wildau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaLytis, 15745 Wildau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3592-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Gunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inwert Institut for Biological Drinking Water Quality, 13465 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Chironomus Grimmii und seine Parthenogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Schneider","year":"1885","journal-title":"Zool. 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Bu ama\u00e7la, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki 7 pop\u00fclasyonu temsil eden toplam 32 P. dissimilis larvas\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015f, sekanslanm\u0131\u015f ve analiz edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda toplam 15 haplotip tespit edilmi\u015f ve bu haplotiplerin biri (H9) hari\u00e7 hepsinin tek pop\u00fclasyona \u00f6zg\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Toplam pop\u00fclasyon i\u00e7in nispeten y\u00fcksek haplotip \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi (h=0,95161) ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00fckleotid \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi (\u03c0=0,04624) bulunmu\u015ftur. Maksimum likelihood (ML) ve haplotip a\u011f\u0131 incelemeleri bu 7 pop\u00fclasyonun Do\u011fu, Hatay ve Bat\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 3 gruba ayr\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Molek\u00fcler varyans analizi (AMOVA) ve ikili FST kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki P. dissimilis\u2019in farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde y\u00fcksek bir genetik yap\u0131lanma g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir (p<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17798\/bitlisfen.1015885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1647417489000},"page":"237-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Baz\u0131 Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Genetik \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011finin ve Pop\u00fclasyon Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi","Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Some Paratanytarsus dissimilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Populations in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.17798","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-6103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adile","family":"SARI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7203","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1]\tJ. 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Environ. Stud."},{"key":"CIT0010","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"_____","year":"1983","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Note. Inst. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"595","volume":"18","author":"THIENEMANN A.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Studien II. Die Subsection Paratanytarsus. \u2010 Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl."},{"key":"CIT0012","first-page":"485","volume":"12","author":"TOKUNAGA M.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bernice P. Bishop Mus."}],"container-title":["Aquatic Insects"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01650429209361475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,18]],"date-time":"2017-06-18T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1497773509000},"score":14.239391,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01650429209361475"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/01650429209361475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01650429209361475","ISSN":["0165-0424","1744-4152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0424","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-4152","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T05:54:43Z","timestamp":1649051683400},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Entomol. Zool.","Jap. J. Sanit. Zool.","Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"DOI":"10.7601\/mez.46.213_1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T18:14:54Z","timestamp":1471889694000},"page":"213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lethal effect of Bacillus thuringiensis against the larvae of Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera : Chironomidae)"],"prefix":"10.7601","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"KONDO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"FUJIWARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"OHBA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4427","container-title":["Medical Entomology and Zoology"],"original-title":["18 Paratanytarsus grimmii (\u30e6\u30b9\u30ea\u30ab\u79d1)\u5e7c\u866b\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b Bacillus thuringiensis \u306e\u81f4\u6b7b\u52b9\u679c"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/mez\/46\/2\/46_KJ00000824696\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T18:14:53Z","timestamp":1471889693000},"score":13.775076,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/mez\/46\/2\/46_KJ00000824696\/_article\/-char\/ja\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7601\/mez.46.213_1","ISSN":["0424-7086","2185-5609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0424-7086","type":"print"},{"value":"2185-5609","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:25:35Z","timestamp":1762374335605,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two new species of Paratanytarsus Thienemann &amp; Bause, P. nanyuensis sp. n. and P. zengensis sp. n., are described and illustrated based on the adult males and pupae from Oriental China. Both the species show some unique characters, herein defined and discussed. Information on biology and ecology of new species are also provided.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4903.3.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:13:16Z","timestamp":1610064796000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Two new species of Paratanytarsus Thienemann &amp;amp; Bause (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Oriental China"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"4903","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZHIQIANG","family":"LI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HONGQU","family":"TANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"50289","unstructured":"<p class=\"Reference\">Cranston, P.S., Dillon, M.E. &amp; Pinder, L.C.V. (1989) 10. The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region\u2014Keys and diagnoses. <em>In<\/em>: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), <em>Chironomidae of the Holarctic region<\/em>\u2014<em>Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adults<\/em>. <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>, 34 (Supplement), pp. 353\u2013502.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Epler, J., Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P.S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region\u2014Keys and diagnoses. <em>In<\/em>: Andersen, T., Cranston, P.S. &amp; Epler, J. (Eds.), <em>The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region\u2014Keys and Diagnoses<\/em>. <em>Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution<\/em>, 66 (Supplement), pp. 387\u2013556.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Gi\u0142ka, W. (2009) Order Diptera, family Chironomidae, tribe Tanytarsini. In: H.H. Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed Al Nahyan (patron). <em>In<\/em>: van Harten, A. (Ed.), <em>Arthropod fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 2<\/em>. Dar Al Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution &amp; Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 667\u2013682.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Gi\u0142ka, W. &amp; Dobosz, R. (2015) A contribution to the systematics of Australasian Tanytarsini (Diptera: Chironomidae): first descriptions from New Caledonia. <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 3980 (1), 127\u2013135.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3980.1.7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3980.1.7<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Gi\u0142ka, W. &amp; Ja\u017cd\u017cewska, N. (2010) A systematic review of the genus <em>Parapsectra<\/em> Reiss (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini) with description of a new species from Poland. <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 2350 (1), 1\u201321.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.2350.1.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.2350.1.1<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Gi\u0142ka, W. (2011) <em>Non-biting midges\u2014Chironomidae, tribe Tanytarsini, adult males. Keys for the Identification of Polish Insects. No 177. Part XXVIII, Much\u00f3wki\u2014Diptera, Issue 14b<\/em>. Polskie Towarzystwo Entomologiczne. Biologica Silesiae, Wroc\u0142aw, 95 pp. [In Polish]<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Hazra, N., Niitsuma, H. &amp; Chaudhuri, P.K. (2016) <em>Checklist of chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Oriental Region. Occasional Paper No. 376<\/em>. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 204 pp.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Langton, P.H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) <em>Chironomidae exuviae\u2014a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region<\/em>. <em>World Biodiversity Database. <\/em>Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM Series]<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Moubayed-Breil, J., Ashe, P. &amp; Langton, P.H. (2012) New species of <em>Paratanytarsus<\/em> Thienemann &amp; Bause 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Mediterranean Region (Corsica, southern France and Lebanon). <em>Fauna norvegica<\/em>, 31, 183\u2013194.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/fn.v31i0.1372\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/fn.v31i0.1372<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Pinder, L.C.V. &amp; Reiss, F. (1986) 10. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region\u2014Keys and diagnoses. <em>In<\/em>: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region\u2014Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>,<em> <\/em>28, (Supplement), pp. 299\u2013456.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Reiss, F. &amp; S\u00e4wedal, L. (1981) Keys to males and pupae of the Palaearctic (excl. Japan) <em>Paratanytarsus<\/em> Thienemann &amp; Bause, 1913, n. comb., with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>, 15 (Supplement), 73\u2013104.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">S\u00e6ther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>, 14 (Supplement), 1\u201351.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\">S\u00e4wedal, L. (1982) Taxonomy, morphology, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of <em>Micropsectra<\/em> Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>, 13, 371\u2013400.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/187631282X00228\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/187631282X00228<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">S\u00e4wedal, L. &amp; Langton, P.H. (1977) Redescription of <em>Paratanytarsus tenellulus<\/em> (Goetghebuer, 1921) (Diptera: Chironomidae). <em>Entomologica scandinavica<\/em>, 8, 167\u2013171.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/187631277X00233\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/187631277X00233<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Wang, X. &amp; Guo, Y. (2005) <em>Paratanytarsus<\/em> Thienemann &amp; Bause from China (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini). <em>Zootaxa<\/em>, 940 (1), 1\u201315.<\/p><p class=\"Reference\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.940.1.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.940.1.1<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Reference\">Yamamoto, M. &amp; Yamamoto, N. (2014) Family Chironomidae. <em>In<\/em>: Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insect of Japan (Ed.), <em>Catalogue of the Insects of Japan. Volume 8, Diptera. Part 1, Nematocera\u2013Brachcera Aschiza.<\/em> Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 237\u2013362.<\/p><p class=\"NormalParagraphStyle\"> <\/p><p> <\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4903.3.8\/42437","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.4903.3.8\/42437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T02:46:22Z","timestamp":1673577982000},"score":13.364252,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.4903.3.8"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.4903.3.8","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1175-5334"},{"type":"print","value":"1175-5326"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:41:14Z","timestamp":1789386074603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,10]],"date-time":"2009-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7709,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chironomid midges have been known to include parthenogenetic species for over a century. One of these species,<jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic>(Schneider), cited under several different names here shown to be junior synonyms, has attained some notoriety as a pest. Its occurrence as a supposedly paedogenetic (actually pharate adult parthenogenetic) inhabitant of water distribution systems is discussed and related to its more usual occurrence in a variety of small water bodies including aquaria. New synonymy is proposed and a lectotype designated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485300013080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,13]],"date-time":"2009-07-13T09:40:46Z","timestamp":1247478046000},"page":"317-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The parthenogenetic midge of water supply systems,<i>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/i>(Schneider) (Diptera: Chironomidae)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"P. H.","family":"Langton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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Scand."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref023","first-page":"280","article-title":"Paratanytarsus-Arten (Dipt., Chironomidae) aus dem \u03b2-mesohalinen und oligohalinen Brackwasser des Finnischen Meerbusens","volume":"26","author":"Palm\u00e9n","year":"1960","journal-title":"Suom. hy\u00f6nt. Aikak."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die Kossau. Hydrologische-faunistische Untersuchungen an schleswig-holsteinischen Fliessgew\u00e4ssern","volume":"32","author":"Nietzke","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref029","first-page":"1","article-title":"A morphological study of adults and immature stages of 20 Japanese species of the family Chironomidae (Diptera)","author":"Sasa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Natn. Inst. Env. Stud."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref018","first-page":"214","article-title":"Parthenogenetische Stylotanytarsus Larven als Bewohner einer Trinkwasserleitung. (Tanytarsus-Studien III: die Gattung Stylotanytarsus)","volume":"38","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21686351.1921.12280143","article-title":"Chironomides de l'Afrique \u00c9quatoriale (1re partie)","volume":"90","author":"Kieffer","year":"1921","journal-title":"Annls Soc. ent. Fr."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref012","first-page":"84","article-title":"Aquatic Diptera. Part III. Chironomidae: subfamilies Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae","author":"Johannsen","year":"1937","journal-title":"Mem. Cornell Univ. agric. Exp. 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Brux."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Om Chironomidernas \u00e4ggl\u00e4ggning och \u00e4ggrupper","volume":"47","author":"Munsterhjelm","year":"1920","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref035","first-page":"215","article-title":"An infestation by a parthenogenetic chironomid","volume":"23","author":"Williams","year":"1974","journal-title":"Wat. Treat. and Exam."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref001","unstructured":"Bause E. (1913). Die Metamorphose der Gattung Tanytarsus und einiger verwandter Tendipedidenarten.\u2014126 pp. Inaug. Diss. Zool. Inst. Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t zu M\u00fcnster."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref024","first-page":"293","article-title":"The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses","author":"Pinder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Entomol. Scand."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref019","first-page":"230","article-title":"On the biology of the parthenogenetic Paratanytarsus breeding in the Essex Water Company distribution system","volume":"23","author":"Langton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Wat. Treat. and Exam."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref002","first-page":"165","article-title":"The biology of a parthenogentic species of Lundstroemia (Diptera:Chironomidae), with descriptions of the immature stages","volume":"38","author":"Edward","year":"1963","journal-title":"Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A)"},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref027","first-page":"73","article-title":"Keys to males and pupae of the Palaearctic (excl. Japan) Paratanytarsus Thienemann and Bause, 1913, n. comb., with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Chironomidae)","author":"Reiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"Entomol. Scand."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref031","first-page":"93","article-title":"Chironomiden-Metamorphosen. II. 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Z."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref013","first-page":"37","article-title":"Diagnoses de nouveaux Chironomides d'Allemagne","volume":"26","author":"Kieffer","year":"1909","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz"},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AJZS023"},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die ungeschlechtiche Fortplanzung einer Chironomus-Art und deren Entwicklung aus dem unbefruchteten Ei.","volume":"7","author":"Grimm","year":"1870","journal-title":"Zap. imp. Akad. Nauk"},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref006","first-page":"287","article-title":"Ceratopogonidae et Chironomidae nouveaux ou peu connus d'Europe (cinqui\u00e8me note).","volume":"74","author":"Goetghebuer","year":"1934","journal-title":"Bull. Annls Soc. r. ent. Belg."},{"key":"S0007485300013080_ref007","first-page":"73","article-title":"Tendipedidae-Tendipedinae [part]","volume":"13","author":"Goetghebuer","year":"1938","journal-title":"Fliegen palaearkt. Reg."}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Entomological Research"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007485300013080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T05:45:03Z","timestamp":1710481503000},"score":13.36087,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007485300013080\/type\/journal_article"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007485300013080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007485300013080","ISSN":["0007-4853","1475-2670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-4853","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2670","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T05:33:10Z","timestamp":1736400790098,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider, 1885) is a parthenogenetic species of the family Chironomidae and a pest of water supply systems. This is an apomictic, parthenogenetic species that lacks males. Adult males of P. grimmii have not been known in previous studies, however have been described for the first time based on specimens reared from eggs in the laboratory and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The male of P. grimmii is closely related to those of P. laetipes (Zetterstedt, 1850) and P. toyaprimus Sasa, 1988 owing to shared morphological features of the hypopygium. \n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5566.3.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T23:27:36Z","timestamp":1736378856000},"page":"594-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First description of male from parthenogenesis in a chironomid species Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider, 1885) (Diptera: Chironomidae)"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"5566","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7651-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ATSUYA","family":"KODAMA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1536-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HIDETOSHI","family":"SAITO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KOICHIRO","family":"KAWAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"393982","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carew, M., Gagliardi, B. & Hoffmann, A.A. (2013) Mitochondrial DNA suggests a single maternal origin for the widespread triploid parthenogenetic pest species, Paratanytarsus grimmii, but microsatellite variation shows local endemism. Insect science, 20 (3), 345\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01564.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01564.x"},{"key":"393983","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher, S., Michels, U. & Gunkel, G. (2023) Paratanytarsus grimmii (Chironomidae) larvae in drinking water distribution systems: Impairment or disaster? Water, 15 (3), 377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w15030377","DOI":"10.3390\/w15030377"},{"key":"393984","unstructured":"Cranston, P.S., Dillon, M.E., Pinder, L.C.V. & Reiss, F. (1989) 10. The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region\u2013Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 353\u2013502."},{"key":"393985","unstructured":"Dahle, S. (2012) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Paratanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae), Institutt for biologi. Available from: https:\/\/ntnuopen.ntnu.no\/ntnu-xmlui\/handle\/11250\/245170 (accessed 16 October 2024)"},{"key":"393986","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Encina, F., De los R\u00edos, P., Vega, R. & Mardones, A. (2019) Standard culture of Paratanytarsus grimmii Schneider, 1885 (Diptera: Chironomidae), for its use in toxicity bioassays. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80, 735\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.218707","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.218707"},{"key":"393987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folmer, R.H.A., Nilges, M., Folkers, P.J.M., Konings, R.N.H. & Hilbers, C.W. (1994) A model of the complex between single-stranded DNA and the single-stranded DNA binding protein encoded by gene V of filamentous bacteriophage M13. Journal of molecular biology, 240 (4), 341\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1449","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1449"},{"key":"393988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagliardi, B.S., Long, S.M., Pettigrove, V.J. & Hoffmann, A.A. (2015) The parthenogenetic cosmopolitan chironomid, Paratanytarsus grimmii, as a new standard test species for ecotoxicology: Culturing methodology and sensitivity to aqueous pollutants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 95 (3), 350\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5"},{"key":"393989","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kondo, N.I., Ueno, R., Ohbayashi, K., Golygina, V.V. & Takamura, K. (2016) DNA barcoding supports reclassification of Japanese Chironomus species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomological Science, 19, 337\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ens.12212","DOI":"10.1111\/ens.12212"},{"key":"393990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870\u20131874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"393991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lackmann, A.R., McEwen, D.C. & Butler, M.G. (2020). Evidence of parthenogenetic populations from the Paratanytarsus laccophilus species group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Alaskan Arctic. Chironomus, 33, 48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/cjcr.v0i33.3478","DOI":"10.5324\/cjcr.v0i33.3478"},{"key":"393992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I.M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J. & Higgins, D.G. (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0., Bioinformatics, 23, 2947\u20132948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"393993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langton, P., Cranston, P. & Armitage, P. (1988) The parthenogenetic midge of water supply systems, Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider) (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 78, 317\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300013080"},{"key":"393994","unstructured":"Langton P.H. & Pinder L.C.H. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland Volume 1. Publication no. 64. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publ., Windermere, 239 pp."},{"key":"393995","unstructured":"Lindeberg, B. (1958) A parthenogenetic race of Monotanytarsus boreoalpinus Th. (Dipt., Chironomidae) from Finland. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 24, 35\u201338."},{"key":"393996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morse, G. E. & Normark, B.B. (2006) A molecular phylogenetic study of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Systematic Entomology, 31, 338\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3113.2005.00316.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.2005.00316.x"},{"key":"393997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen, A., Bale, J.S., Leadbeater, B.S.C., Callow, M.E. & Holden, J.B. 2003 Developmental thresholds and day-degree requirements of Paratanytarsus grimmii and Corynoneura scutellata (Diptera: Chironomidae): two midges associated with potable water treatment.Physiological Entomology, 28 (4), 315\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3032.2003.00352.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.2003.00352.x"},{"key":"393998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter, D.L. (1971) Oogenesis and chromosomal heterozygosity in the thelytokous midge, Lundstroemia parthenogenetica (Diptera, Chironomidae) Chromosoma, 32, 332\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00284841","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00284841"},{"key":"393999","unstructured":"Sasa, M. (1988) Studies on the Chironomid Midges of Lakes in Southern Hokkaido. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 121, 1\u201390."},{"key":"394000","unstructured":"Sasa, M. & Kikuchi, M. (1995) Chironomidae [Diptera] of Japan. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 333 pp."},{"key":"394001","unstructured":"Schneider, A. (1885) Chironomus Grimmii und seine Parthenogenesis. Zoologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 1, 301\u2013302."},{"key":"394002","unstructured":"S\u00e6ther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of Chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 14, 1\u201351."},{"key":"394003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.C., Wheeler, Q.D. & Wheeler, W.C. (1997) The Strepsiptera problem: phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. 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Lundae, 9, 3367\u20133710."}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.5566.3.9\/55354","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.5566.3.9\/55354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T23:27:46Z","timestamp":1736378866000},"score":13.25288,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.5566.3.9"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.5566.3.9","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:53:57Z","timestamp":1740142437272,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The management and use of native species under laboratory conditions is the main difficult for species proposal for its use in bioassays. The present study showed the results about management under controlled conditions of Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae), that is a parthenogenetic species with wide geographical distribution. It obtained its eggs from a pre Andean river from Araucania region (39\u00b0 S), and it determined the conditions for larval rearing under artificial food, adults getting (manipulation), eggs (hatching sincronization) and larvae getting after hatching. The P.grimmii life cycle had larvae that late 23 days in get the pupa stage (stage I to IV), the adult within the next 48 hours deposits the eggs that hatched at 72 hours. It stablished laboratory conditions: incubation room temperature, water pH, and artificial feeding, photoperiod and larvae and eggs management techniques. In according to obtained results it managed all life cycles under laboratory conditions that can propose the use of this species as potential biological material for toxicity bioassays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.218707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T13:02:24Z","timestamp":1575378144000},"page":"735-740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Standard culture of Paratanytarsus grimmii Schneider, 1885 (Diptera: Chironomidae), for its use in toxicity bioassays."],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Encina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile; Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"De los R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile; Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile; Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7504-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mardones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile; Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco,  Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"189","article-title":"New strategies for the control of the parthenogenetic chironomid (Paratanytarsus grimmii) (Diptera: Chironomidae) infecting water systems","volume":"13","author":"ALEXANDER M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Association"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5801","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-012-2985-2","article-title":"Macrophytes, epipelic biofilm, and invertebrates as biotic indicators of physical habitat degradation of lowland streams (Argentina)","volume":"185","author":"CORTELEZZI A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3856\/vol41-issue5-fulltext-5","article-title":"Zoogeography of Chilean inland water crustaceans","volume":"41","author":"DE LOS RIOS ESCALANTE P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Sediment toxicity testing and prospective risk assessment of organic chemicals","author":"DIEPENS N.J.","key":"ref4"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-014-0005-y","article-title":"Chronic toxicity threshold for sediment-associated benzo[a]pyrene in the midge (Chiromonus dilutes)","volume":"66","author":"DU J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1163\/15685403-00003637","article-title":"Acute toxicity (LC50) of a pesticide (Carbendazim) on two native crustacean zooplankton species Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860 and Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) from Northern Patagonian lakes (Chile)","volume":"90","author":"ENCINA F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1163\/15685403-00003713","article-title":"Culture of native species of zooplanktonic crustaceans Tumeodiaptomus diabilicus (Brehm, 1935) from northern Patagonian lakes (Chile)","volume":"90","author":"ENCINA F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/15685403-00003643","article-title":"Ecological role of benthic crustaceans in Chilean North Patagonian lakes and rivers (Araucania region, 39\u00b0 S)","volume":"90","author":"ENCINA F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1127\/fal\/2018\/1095","article-title":"Potential effectiveness of reducing taxonomic and numerical resolution when using macroinvertebrates to characterize impacted streams in southeastern Brazil","volume":"191","author":"FIGUEIRAUJO R.B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fundamental and Applied 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US-EPA, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(00)00104-1_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(82)90174-6","article-title":"The fate of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in an aquatic continuous-flow system","volume":"11","author":"Virtanen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(00)00104-1_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398109530066","article-title":"Early life stage toxicity tests with a saltwater fish: effects of eight chemicals on survival, growth, and development of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)","volume":"8","author":"Ward","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Env. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(00)00104-1_BIB44","unstructured":"Wright, C.A., 1988. Utility of Surface-floating Chironomidae Pupal Exuviae in Assessing the Impact of PCBs on Two Stream Communities. Ecol. Res. Ser. US EPA, 49 pp."}],"container-title":["Aquatic Toxicology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166445X00001041?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166445X00001041?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T07:17:07Z","timestamp":1578554227000},"score":12.07609,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166445X00001041"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0166445X00001041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0166-445x(00)00104-1","ISSN":["0166-445X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-445X","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:36:56Z","timestamp":1789177016793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library","issue":"33","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chironomus"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parthenogenesis, reproduction without fertilization, is not common in the Chironomidae (Diptera), a family of insects with more than 6,000 described species. Nonetheless, parthenogenetic species and strains have been documented in at least three subfamilies (the Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, and Telmatogoninae), spanning 17 genera and ~30 species. One such species, Paratanytarsus laccophilus Edwards 1929, is known to be parthenogenetic in a small portion of its range in Finland, with most other European populations of this species showing evidence of sexual reproduction. We present evidence of parthenogenetic populations from the Paratanytarsus laccophilus species group in the Nearctic, specifically a High Arctic site near Utqia\u0121vik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. During May-July of 2015 and 2016, we sampled emerging adult chironomids and pupal exuviae daily to document insect emergence phenologies. Across 15 local populations, all 623 pupal exuviae collected from the P. laccophilus species group were female. Larvae reared from two populations under controlled temperature treatments emerged as female adults (N=37). When isolated, these reared female adults oviposited, and eggs hatched successfully. These progeny were reared for another 12-13 days, reaching second instar larvae when they were preserved at the end of our field season. Taken together, this evidence strongly indicates parthenogenesis from the P. laccophilus species group at this location. This species was not previously documented at Utqia\u0121vik. Although parthenogenetic, their emergence at this location was highly synchronized. In the harsh environment of arctic Alaska, the fitness rewards of parthenogenesis are likely great. Indeed, chironomid parthenogenesis in the northern hemisphere is most commonly documented from far-northern extremes and in extreme habitats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5324\/cjcr.v0i33.3478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T14:19:41Z","timestamp":1604499581000},"page":"48-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evidence of parthenogenetic populations from the Paratanytarsus laccophilus species group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Alaskan Arctic"],"prefix":"10.5324","author":[{"given":"Alec R","family":"Lackmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm G","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3322","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"container-title":["CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/chironomus\/article\/download\/3478\/3522","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/chironomus\/article\/download\/3478\/3522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T14:19:42Z","timestamp":1604499582000},"score":11.868141,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/chironomus\/article\/view\/3478"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/cjcr.v0i33.3478","ISSN":["2387-5372","0172-1941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2387-5372","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0172-1941","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:22:04Z","timestamp":1791400924413,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Applied Entomology & Zoology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Entomol. 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Hirokawa, Tokyo, p. 64."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.5.821","volume":"42","author":"Ponlawat, A., J. G. Scott and L. C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2585","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"21","first-page":"456","volume":"20","author":"Silva, O. S., P. R. T. Romao, R. D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/8756-971X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)85254-D"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf050110v"}],"container-title":["Applied Entomology and Zoology"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1621533763000},"score":11.793575,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/aez\/43\/1\/43_1_77\/_article"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1303\/aez.2008.77","ISSN":["0003-6862","1347-605X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6862","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-605X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T23:59:15Z","timestamp":1697327955902},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fauna Norv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three new species of Paratanytarsus are described, from Corsica, southern France and Lebanon, based on the adult males and associated pupal exuviae. These descriptions increase the number of western Palaearctic species in the genus to 23. The pupal exuviae of the new species resemble those of P. bituberculatus (Edwards). Main diagnostic characters as well as additional illustrations of P. bituberculatus are also presented. Characters are given for distinguishing the adult males and the pupal exuviae from other related species. A key to the adult males and pupal exuviae of the described species is provided.doi: 10.5324\/fn.v31i0.1372.Published online: 17 October 2012.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5324\/fn.v31i0.1372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T14:29:57Z","timestamp":1351088997000},"page":"183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New species of Paratanytarsus Thienemann &amp; Bause 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Mediterranean Region (Corsica, southern France and Lebanon)"],"prefix":"10.5324","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"Moubayed-Breil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ashe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H","family":"Langton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3322","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]},"container-title":["Fauna norvegica"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/fauna_norvegica\/article\/download\/1372\/1397","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/fauna_norvegica\/article\/download\/1372\/1397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T13:45:35Z","timestamp":1647870335000},"score":11.49674,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/ojs\/index.php\/fauna_norvegica\/article\/view\/1372"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/fn.v31i0.1372","ISSN":["1891-5396","1502-4873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1891-5396","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1502-4873","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:25:27Z","timestamp":1783387527679,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005880","name":"National Institute of Biological Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIBR202220202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIBR202220202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2018-R1A6A1A-03024314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018-R1A6A1A-03024314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korean Environment Industry & Technology Institute","award":["2021003050001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021003050001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ensuring the supply of safe and high-quality drinking water can be compromised by the presence of chironomid larvae in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), which may contaminate municipal water systems through freshwater resources. Chironomids are dominant species known for their resilience to a broad range of extreme aquatic environments. This study aimed to identify the morphological characteristics and obtain genetic information of the chironomid <jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic> found in the water intake source and freshwater resource of DWTPs in Korea, highlighting the potential possibility of a parthenogenetic chironomid outbreak within DWTP networks. The distribution of chironomid larvae at the water intake source site (DY) of the Danyang DWTP and the freshwater resource (ND) of the Nakdong River was investigated. A total of 180 chironomid individuals, encompassing three subfamilies and six species from six 6 genera were identified at the DY site, with <jats:italic>Procladius nigriventris<\/jats:italic> being the dominant species. At the ND site, fifty chironomid individuals, encompassing two subfamilies and six species from six genera, were identified, with <jats:italic>Cricotopus sylvestris<\/jats:italic> being the dominant species. The morphological characteristics of the head capsule, mentum, mandible, and antennae of six <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grimmii<\/jats:italic> larvae collected from the DY and ND sites were characterized. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct mitochondrial diversities between the <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grimmii<\/jats:italic> larvae from DY and those from ND. These results provide crucial information for the morphological identification and DNA barcoding of the key management target chironomid <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grimmii<\/jats:italic> larvae, which can be used to detect the occurrence of this chironomid species in DWTPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T19:54:27Z","timestamp":1736538867000},"page":"e0315390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["First report of a major management target species, chironomid Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae, in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2965-6970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kiyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1010-3965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ihn-Sil","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315390.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165241","article-title":"larvae from drinking water treatment plants in South Korea using morphogenetic species analysis and eDNA metabarcoding","volume":"896","author":"JW Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total 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Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.10.064","article-title":"Seasonal changes in the invertebrate community of granular activated carbon filters and control technologies","volume":"51","author":"Q Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5942\/jawwa.2017.109.0087","article-title":"WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: First Addendum to the Fourth Edition","volume":"109","author":"JA Cotruvo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Water Works Ass"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14060410","article-title":"Evidence-based framework to manage cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in water and sludge from drinking water treatment plants.","volume":"14","author":"F Jalili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113820","article-title":"Surface water, sediment, and biota: the first multi-compartment analysis of microplastics in the Karnafully River, Bangladesh","volume":"180","author":"MJ Hossain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134292","article-title":"Combined effects of benzophenone-3 and temperature on gene expression and enzymatic activity in the aquatic larvae Chironomus riparius","volume":"698","author":"AB Mu\u00f1iz-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pone.0315390.ref010","first-page":"77","article-title":"Multi-level gene expression in response to environmental stress in aquatic invertebrate chironomids: Potential applications in water quality 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Oecologia 70:362\u2013366","journal-title":"Oecologia"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T08:22:10Z","timestamp":1558599730000},"score":10.871428,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00128-015-1578-5","ISSN":["0007-4861","1432-0800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-4861","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0800","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:38:01Z","timestamp":1793709481219,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Valparaiso University","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Great Lakes Entomologist"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simple, low cost methods are needed to determine the effect of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms. In this report, embryos of Paratanytarsus parthenogenetic us were exposed from deposition to hatch to five pesticides. Four of the five pesticides affected development or hatch only at concentrations which exceeded 96-h LC50 values of other non-target invertebrates. One pesticide, fenitrothion, affected hatch at 13 Ilgll which is similar to 96-h LC50 values for other aquatic invertebrates. Because of the low sensitivity of the embryo to pesticides, this method may not be a useful pesticide screening test for non-target invertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.22543\/0090-0222.1483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T06:08:48Z","timestamp":1692857328000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insecticide Effects on Normal Development and Hatch of Embryos of &lt;i&gt;Paratanytarsus Parthenogeneticus&lt;\/i&gt; (Diptera: Chironomidae)"],"prefix":"10.22543","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Richard L","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Shubat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"9834","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]},"container-title":["The Great Lakes Entomologist"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:15:55Z","timestamp":1793708155000},"score":10.584154,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scholar.valpo.edu\/tgle\/vol16\/iss4\/14"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22543\/0090-0222.1483","ISSN":["0090-0222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0222","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:10:31Z","timestamp":1762254631114,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]],"date-time":"2003-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiological Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Studies on the development and mortality of\n                    <jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Schneider) and\n                    <jats:italic>Corynoneura scutellata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Winnertz), which can infest potable water distribution networks, were carried out at eight constant temperatures between 10\u2003\u00b0C and 27\u2003\u00b0C. Using weighted linear regression, the developmental thresholds were calculated as 7.9 and 8.7\u2003\u00b0C for\n                    <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. scutellata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>Corynoneura scutellata<\/jats:italic>\n                    had a day\u2010degree requirement of 172.4 per generation and developed significantly faster (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003&lt;\u20030.001) than\n                    <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic>\n                    with a day\u2010degree requirement of 294.1. Both species were identified as multivoltine with a maximum theoretical number of five generations per year for\n                    <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and seven for\n                    <jats:italic>C. scutellata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results are discussed in the context of the management of chironomid infestations within water\u2010treatment works.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.2003.00352.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]],"date-time":"2003-12-11T11:41:37Z","timestamp":1071142897000},"page":"315-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Developmental thresholds and day\u2010degree requirements of\n                    <i>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Corynoneura scutellata<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Chironomidae): two midges associated with potable water treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. S. C.","family":"Leadbeater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Callow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various sampling techniques were employed to study the population dynamics and identify the origin of annually re-occurring infestations of <jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic> in granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers. Larvae overwintered in all adsorbers studied and are the main source of endemic persistent infestations. Significant differences in larval densities were identified between the down-flow cell (mean of 61 larvae per 0.3 l of GAC) and the up-flow cell (mean of 14 larvae per 0.3 l of GAC) of each adsorber. Larvae were distributed uniformly with no significant difference in density at any depth through the 2-m carbon column. Application of anaerobic treatment as a control measure was ineffective at low temperatures due to a slow down in chironomid metabolism. During summer months, ovipositing females have access to all locations within the GAC adsorber building by flight, leading to immediate re-colonisation of anaerobically-treated adsorbers. Regeneration of GAC in individual cells served only to reduce larval numbers but not remove them completely, particularly when only one of the two cells is regenerated at any one time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485309006683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]],"date-time":"2009-03-27T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1238137002000},"page":"643-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The origin and population dynamics of annually re-occurring <i>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) colonising granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers used in potable water treatment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.S.C.","family":"Leadbeater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Callow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.B.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485309006683_ref011","first-page":"161","volume-title":"A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters","author":"Davies","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0007485309006683_ref009","first-page":"1","article-title":"A key to the larvae of the British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae)","volume":"45","author":"Cranston","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scientific Publications of the Freshwater Biological Association"},{"key":"S0007485309006683_ref007","unstructured":"Carrillo R.J. 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J. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Up to 38% of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and 10% of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) collected from the upper St. Lawrence River in July 1993 were invaded by larvae of the tanytarsine chironomid Paratanytarsus sp. Third- and fourth-instar larvae were found living in the mantle cavity around the gills, gonads, and siphonal tissues. The larvae were never observed feeding on these tissues, and no tissue damage was detected. Most frequently, a single Paratanytarsus sp. larva occurred in a mussel; otherwise, two to six larvae were found. Invaded mussels were significantly larger than co-occurring non-invaded mussels. No chironomid larvae were found in young-of-the-year dreissenids. This is the first case of a large-scale endosymbiotic association, apparently a form of inquiline commensalism, between chironomid larvae and dreissenid mussels. Paratanytarsus sp. larvae also occurred in unionid bivalves (Elliptio complanata, Lampsilis radiata, Anodonta cataracta), but at relatively lower frequencies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/z94-155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,30]],"date-time":"2008-07-30T19:09:20Z","timestamp":1217444960000},"page":"1159-1162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Occurrence of chironomid larvae (<i>Paratanytarsus<\/i> sp.) as commensals of dreissenid mussels (<i>Dreissena polymorpha<\/i> and <i>D<\/i>. <i>bugensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","container-title":["Canadian Journal of Zoology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/z94-155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T16:53:34Z","timestamp":1578243214000},"score":10.104452,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/z94-155"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/z94-155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/z94-155","ISSN":["0008-4301","1480-3283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4301","type":"print"},{"value":"1480-3283","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:42:52Z","timestamp":1759333372283,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Melbourne Water Corporation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"Victorian Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013031","name":"EPA Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Insect Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parthenogenesis is common among invasive pest species, with many parthenogenetic species also showing polyploidy. Parthenogenetic polyploid species often have multiple hybrid origins and the potential to rapidly spread over vast geographical areas. In this study, we examine patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite variation in a widespread triploid parthenogenetic chironomid pest species, <jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic>. Based on samples from five countries, including Australia, England, Germany, Japan, and Canada, we found extremely low mitochondrial diversity (&lt;0.14%), with most individuals sharing a common and widespread haplotype. In contrast, microsatellite diversity revealed 41 clonal variants, which were regionally endemic. These findings suggest a single invasive maternal lineage of <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> is likely to have recently spread over a broad geographical range. High levels of genotypic endemism suggest <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> populations have remained relatively isolated after an initial spread, with little ongoing migration. This, in part, can be attributed to rapid genetic differentiation via mutations of common clonal genotypes after <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> spread, but multiple polyploidization and subsequent founder events are also likely to be contributing factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01564.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,24]],"date-time":"2012-08-24T12:49:11Z","timestamp":1345812551000},"page":"345-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA suggests a single maternal origin for the widespread triploid parthenogenetic pest species, <i>Paratanytarsus grimmii,<\/i> but microsatellite variation shows local endemism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Carew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, Bio21 Institute, The Department of Zoology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryant","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, Bio21 Institute, The Department of Zoology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ary A.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, Bio21 Institute, The Department of Zoology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"New strategies for the control of the parthenogenetic chironomid (Paratanytarsus grimmii) (Diptera: 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