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However, relatively little research attention has been given to personality in invertebrates, particularly in parasitic species. The avian vampire fly\n                    <jats:italic>Philornis downsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Muscidae) is a semi-hematophagous ectoparasite that feeds on the blood of nestling birds during its larval phase and on decaying vegetable matter as an adult. Invasive to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, the avian vampire fly causes permanent deformation and high mortality in its avian hosts. To better understand the behaviour of adult flies, we aimed to determine whether avian vampire flies have short-term individual repeatability for three personality traits, and whether these three traits covary. We collected avian vampire fly pupae from wild nests of small landbird species on Floreana Island, Gal\u00e1pagos, reared the pupae to adulthood, and individually marked the adult flies. On days 5\u20137 post-eclosion, we tested the behavioural responses of each individual fly once per day, using (1) a walking test (activity), (2) a novel environment test (exploration) and (3) a back test (boldness). We found significant repeatability at the individual level for all three traits, and no evidence for a behavioural syndrome between the traits. These findings are the first step towards understanding the role of parasite personality within host-parasite dynamics, and how personality differences may affect the avian vampire fly and its novel hosts on the Gal\u00e1pagos.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539x-bja10317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T03:09:10Z","timestamp":1752548950000},"page":"545-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Personality in the parasitic avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi)"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-5107","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Common","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna, 4645 Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-5824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Alb\u00e1n Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna, 4645 Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4177-3096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Katsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna, 4645 Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-3122","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sonia","family":"Kleindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition, Core Facility of the University of Vienna, 4645 Gr\u00fcnau im Almtal, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, 5042 Bedford Park, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci.","first-page":"46","article-title":"Insect personality: what can we learn from metamorphosis?","volume":"27","author":"Amat, I.","unstructured":"Amat, I., Desouhant, E., Gomes, E., Moreau, J. & Monceau, K. (2018). Insect personality: what can we learn from metamorphosis? \u2014 Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 27: 46-51."},{"key":"R000002","series-title":"Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci.","first-page":"4077","article-title":"Parasitism and the evolutionary ecology of animal personality","volume":"365","author":"Barber, I.","unstructured":"Barber, I. & Dingemanse, N.J. (2010). Parasitism and the evolutionary ecology of animal personality.\u00a0\u2014 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 365: 4077-4088."},{"key":"R000003","series-title":"J.\u00a0Stat. Softw.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates, D.","unstructured":"Bates, D., M\u00e4chler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Stat. Softw. 67: 1-48."},{"key":"R000004","series-title":"Evol. Ecol.","first-page":"157","article-title":"Behavioural consistency across metamorphosis in a neotropical poison frog","volume":"38","author":"B\u00e9gu\u00e9, L.","unstructured":"B\u00e9gu\u00e9, L., Tschirren, N., Peignier, M., Szabo, B. & Ringler, E. (2024). Behavioural consistency across metamorphosis in a neotropical poison frog.\u00a0\u2014 Evol. Ecol. 38: 157-174."},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci.","article-title":"Predator\u2013prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode","volume":"283","author":"Belgrad, B.A.","unstructured":"Belgrad, B.A. & Griffen, B.D. (2016). Predator\u2013prey interactions mediated by prey personality and predator hunting mode.\u00a0\u2014 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 283: 20160408."},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"Anim. Behav.","first-page":"771","article-title":"The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Bell, A.M.","unstructured":"Bell, A.M., Hankison, S.J. & Laskowski, K.L. (2009). The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis.\u00a0\u2014 Anim. Behav. 77: 771-783."},{"key":"R000007","series-title":"Behav. Ecol.","first-page":"871","article-title":"Effect of prey personality depends on predator species","volume":"25","author":"Blake, C.A.","unstructured":"Blake, C.A. & Gabor, C.R. (2014). Effect of prey personality depends on predator species.\u00a0\u2014 Behav. Ecol. 25: 871-877."},{"key":"R000008","author":"Bolker, B.","unstructured":"Bolker, B. (2025). GLMM FAQ. \u2014 Available online at https:\/\/bbolker.github.io\/mixedmodels-misc\/glmmFAQ.html."},{"key":"R000009","series-title":"J.\u00a0Anim. Ecol.","first-page":"667","article-title":"Pairs of extreme avian personalities have highest reproductive success","volume":"74","author":"Both, C.","unstructured":"Both, C., Dingemanse, N.J., Drent, P.J. & Tinbergen, J.M. (2005). Pairs of extreme avian personalities have highest reproductive success.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Anim. Ecol. 74: 667-674."},{"key":"R000010","series-title":"Sci. Rep.","article-title":"Persistence of the invasive bird-parasitic fly Philornis downsi over the host interbreeding period in the Galapagos Islands","volume":"12","author":"Bulgarella, M.","unstructured":"Bulgarella, M., Lincango, M.P., Lahuatte, P.F., Oliver, J.D., Cahuana, A., Ram\u00edrez, I.E., Sage, R., Colwitz, A.J., Freund, D.A., Miksanek, J.R., Moon, R.D., Causton, C.E. & Heimpel, G.E. (2022). Persistence of the invasive bird-parasitic fly Philornis downsi over the host interbreeding period in the Galapagos Islands.\u00a0\u2014 Sci. 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Ecol. Evol. 12: 1398353."},{"key":"R000076","series-title":"J.\u00a0Insect Behav.","first-page":"296","article-title":"Behavior of the avian parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in and near host nests in the Galapagos Islands","volume":"34","author":"Pike, C.L.","unstructured":"Pike, C.L., Ramirez, I.E., Anchundia, D.J., Fessl, B., Heimpel, G.E. & Causton, C.E. (2021). Behavior of the avian parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in and near host nests in the Galapagos Islands.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Insect Behav. 34: 296-311."},{"key":"R000077","series-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Biol.","first-page":"18","article-title":"Parasite manipulation of host personality and behavioural syndromes","volume":"216","author":"Poulin, R.","unstructured":"Poulin, R. (2013). Parasite manipulation of host personality and behavioural syndromes.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Exp. Biol. 216: 18-26."},{"key":"R000078","series-title":"NZ J. 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Sociobiol. 76: 150."},{"key":"R000081","series-title":"Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci.","first-page":"4051","article-title":"Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level","volume":"365","author":"R\u00e9ale, D.","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale, D., Garant, D., Humphries, M.M., Bergeron, P., Careau, V. & Montiglio, P.-O. (2010). Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level.\u00a0\u2014 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 365: 4051-4063."},{"key":"R000082","series-title":"Biol. Rev.","first-page":"291","article-title":"Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution","volume":"82","author":"R\u00e9ale, D.","unstructured":"R\u00e9ale, D., Reader, S.M., Sol, D., McDougall, P.T. & Dingemanse, N.J. (2007). Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution.\u00a0\u2014 Biol. Rev. 82: 291-318."},{"key":"R000083","series-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Entomol.","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Tracking Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larval behavior across development: effects of temperature and nutrients on individuals\u2019 foraging behavior","volume":"55","author":"Reiskind, M.H.","unstructured":"Reiskind, M.H. & Janairo, M.S. (2018). Tracking Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larval behavior across development: effects of temperature and nutrients on individuals\u2019 foraging behavior.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Med. Entomol. 55: 1086-1092."},{"key":"R000084","series-title":"Animals","article-title":"Like mother like child: do fearful sows have fearful piglets?","volume":"11","author":"Rooney, H.B.","unstructured":"Rooney, H.B., Schmitt, O., Courty, A., Lawlor, P.G. & O\u2019Driscoll, K. (2021). Like mother like child: do fearful sows have fearful piglets? \u2014 Animals 11: 1232."},{"key":"R000085","series-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci.","article-title":"Terminology use in animal personality research: a self-report questionnaire and a systematic review","volume":"289","author":"S\u00e1nchez-T\u00f3jar, A.","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-T\u00f3jar, A., Moiron, M. & Niemel\u00e4, P.T. (2022). Terminology use in animal personality research: a self-report questionnaire and a systematic review.\u00a0\u2014 Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 289: 20212259."},{"key":"R000086","series-title":"iScience","article-title":"Early-life intraguild predation risk produces adaptive personalities in predatory mites","volume":"27","author":"Schausberger, P.","unstructured":"Schausberger, P., Nguyen, T.H. & Altintas, M. (2024). Early-life intraguild predation risk produces adaptive personalities in predatory mites.\u00a0\u2014 iScience 27: 109065."},{"key":"R000087","series-title":"Nature Methods","first-page":"671","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider, C.A.","unstructured":"Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. (2012). NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.\u00a0\u2014 Nature Methods 9: 671-675."},{"key":"R000088","series-title":"Animals","article-title":"Risk predictability in early life shapes personality of mosquitofish in adulthood","volume":"13","author":"Si, M.","unstructured":"Si, M., Zhang, W., Li, C., Su, L. & Zhang, X. (2023). Risk predictability in early life shapes personality of mosquitofish in adulthood.\u00a0\u2014 Animals 13: 1214."},{"key":"R000089","series-title":"Ecol. Lett.","first-page":"278","article-title":"Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes","volume":"15","author":"Sih, A.","unstructured":"Sih, A., Cote, J., Evans, M., Fogarty, S. & Pruitt, J. (2012). Ecological implications of behavioural syndromes.\u00a0\u2014 Ecol. Lett. 15: 278-289."},{"key":"R000090","series-title":"J.\u00a0Evol. Biol.","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Heritability and fitness-related consequences of squid personality traits","volume":"19","author":"Sinn, D.L.","unstructured":"Sinn, D.L., Apiolaza, L.A. & Moltschaniwskyj, N.A. (2006). Heritability and fitness-related consequences of squid personality traits.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Evol. Biol. 19: 1437-1447."},{"key":"R000091","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Personality in the cockroach Diploptera punctata: evidence for stability across developmental stages despite age effects on boldness","volume":"12","author":"Stanley, C.R.","unstructured":"Stanley, C.R., Mettke-Hofmann, C. & Preziosi, R.F. (2017). Personality in the cockroach Diploptera punctata: evidence for stability across developmental stages despite age effects on boldness.\u00a0\u2014 PLoS ONE 12: e0176564."},{"key":"R000092","series-title":"Anim. Behav.","first-page":"51","article-title":"Predatory behaviour as a personality trait in a wild fish population","volume":"170","author":"Szopa-Comley, A.W.","unstructured":"Szopa-Comley, A.W., Duffield, C., Ramnarine, I.W. & Ioannou, C.C. (2020). Predatory behaviour as a personality trait in a wild fish population.\u00a0\u2014 Anim. Behav. 170: 51-64."},{"key":"R000093","series-title":"Behav. Ecol.","first-page":"114","article-title":"Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait- and year-specific","volume":"32","author":"Thys, B.","unstructured":"Thys, B., Eens, M., Pinxten, R. & Iserbyt, A. (2021). Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait- and year-specific.\u00a0\u2014 Behav. Ecol. 32: 114-123."},{"key":"R000094","series-title":"Oecologia","first-page":"55","article-title":"Personality, foraging behavior and specialization: integrating behavioral and food web ecology at the individual level","volume":"182","author":"Toscano, B.J.","unstructured":"Toscano, B.J., Gownaris, N.J., Heerhartz, S.M. & Monaco, C.J. (2016). Personality, foraging behavior and specialization: integrating behavioral and food web ecology at the individual level.\u00a0\u2014 Oecologia 182: 55-69."},{"key":"R000095","series-title":"Behav. Ecol.","first-page":"386","article-title":"Insect personality depends on environmental conditions","volume":"24","author":"Tremmel, M.","unstructured":"Tremmel, M. & M\u00fcller, C. (2013). Insect personality depends on environmental conditions.\u00a0\u2014 Behav. Ecol. 24: 386-392."},{"key":"R000096","series-title":"Behaviour","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Consistent individual and sex-specific differences in behaviour of common cuckoo chicks: is there a potential impact on host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics?","volume":"155","author":"Trnka, A.","unstructured":"Trnka, A., Sama\u0161, P. & Grim, T. (2018). Consistent individual and sex-specific differences in behaviour of common cuckoo chicks: is there a potential impact on host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics? \u2014 Behaviour 155: 1051-1072."},{"key":"R000097","series-title":"Oikos","first-page":"1343","article-title":"Differences in morphology, performance and behaviour between recently diverged populations of Podarcis sicula mirror differences in predation pressure","volume":"116","author":"Vervust, B.","unstructured":"Vervust, B., Grbac, I. & Van Damme, R. (2007). Differences in morphology, performance and behaviour between recently diverged populations of Podarcis sicula mirror differences in predation pressure.\u00a0\u2014 Oikos 116: 1343-1352."},{"key":"R000098","series-title":"Psychol. Bull.","first-page":"769","article-title":"Heritability of personality: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies","volume":"141","author":"Vukasovi\u0107, T.","unstructured":"Vukasovi\u0107, T. & Bratko, D. (2015). Heritability of personality: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies.\u00a0\u2014 Psychol. Bull. 141: 769-785."},{"key":"R000099","series-title":"ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"Wickham, H.","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis.\u00a0\u2014 Springer, New York, NY."}],"container-title":["Behaviour"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/beh\/162\/6-8\/article-p545_6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/beh\/162\/6-8\/article-p545_6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/beh\/162\/6-8\/article-p545_6.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T12:26:24Z","timestamp":1763382384000},"score":30.8984,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/beh\/162\/6-8\/article-p545_6.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6-8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/1568539x-bja10317","ISSN":["0005-7959","1568-539X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7959","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-539X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:17:12Z","timestamp":1793474232271,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aesa"],"DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saad036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T12:17:28Z","timestamp":1713183448000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reproductive system and activity patterns of Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"container-title":["Annals of the Entomological Society of America"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T12:17:29Z","timestamp":1713183449000},"score":30.218765,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aesa\/article\/117\/1\/64\/7456497"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aesa\/saad036","ISSN":["1938-2901"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-2901","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:59:45Z","timestamp":1785297585692,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"13-14","funder":[{"name":"SECIHTI","award":["1091716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1091716"]}]},{"name":"Galapagos National Park Directorate"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding the reproductive behaviour of invasive species is crucial for developing control techniques. This study investigated the mating behaviour and reproduction of\n                    <jats:italic>Philornis downsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an invasive parasitic fly that is threatening the survival of endemic birds in the Galapagos Islands. An observational study describing the mating behaviour of\n                    <jats:italic>P. downsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was combined with experimental studies examining factors (feeding on a hormone analogue that influences sexual maturity, density and sex ratio, and body size) that could increase the low reproductive success in the laboratory. Males actively pursue females in flight, mount them, land, and copulation occurs when the male inserts the aedeagus and the female extends her ovipositor toward the male. Copulation duration ranged from 2 to 13\u00a0min. Male\u2013male interactions were observed and point to a behaviour that defends access to females. The addition of methoprene to the diet did not increase copulation frequency or mating success (sperm stored) and reduced female fecundity and survival. No effect of density or sex ratio was found in copulation frequency or mating success; however, females laid more eggs at higher densities with a male biased sex ratio, and more fertile eggs were found at high densities regardless of sex ratio. Additionally, we found no influence of body size of wild or laboratory-reared male or females on mating success in the laboratory. These results bring us closer to understanding the mating behaviour of\n                    <jats:italic>P. downsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539x-bja10336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T07:55:07Z","timestamp":1762934107000},"page":"1031-1059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unraveling the mating secrets of the invasive parasitic fly Philornis downsi"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3644-9163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paola\u00a0F.","family":"Lahuatte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda Aplicada (INBIOTECA), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/191090Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101 Col. Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/396258Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Galapagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-0025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlotte\u00a0E.","family":"Causton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/396258Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Galapagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Jaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/396258Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Galapagos, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-5882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro\u00a0A.","family":"Castro-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda Aplicada (INBIOTECA), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/191090Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101 Col. Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7714-6559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diego\u00a0F.","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Gen\u00e9tica \u201cE.A. Favret\u201d, INTA, GV-IABIMO, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-6587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"D\u00edaz-Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda Aplicada (INBIOTECA), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/191090Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101 Col. Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-0346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda Aplicada (INBIOTECA), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/191090Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101 Col. Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res.","first-page":"310","article-title":"Remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) females is affected by male juvenile hormone analog treatment but not by male sterilization","volume":"103","author":"Abraham, S.","unstructured":"Abraham, S., Liendo, M.C., Devescovi, F., Peralta, P.A., Yusef, V., Ruiz, J., Cladera, J.L., Vera, M.T. & Segura, D.F. (2013). Remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) females is affected by male juvenile hormone analog treatment but not by male sterilization.\u00a0\u2014 Bull. Entomol. Res. 103: 310-317."},{"key":"R000002","series-title":"J.\u00a0Econ. 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Origins and history of laboratory insect stocks in a multispecies insect production facility, with the proposal of standardized nomenclature and designation of formal standard names.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Insect Sci. 18: 1."},{"key":"R000050","series-title":"Microsc. Microanal.","first-page":"2066","article-title":"ImageJ: image analysis interoperability for the next generation of biological image data. biological image data","volume":"22","author":"Rueden, C.","unstructured":"Rueden, C., Hiner, M. & Eliceiri, K. (2016). ImageJ: image analysis interoperability for the next generation of biological image data. biological image data.\u00a0\u2014 Microsc. Microanal. 22: 2066-2067."},{"key":"R000051","series-title":"J.\u00a0Insect Physiol.","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Endocrine control of o\u00f6genesis in the housefly, Musca domestica vicina","volume":"23","author":"Sakural, H.","unstructured":"Sakural, H. (1977). Endocrine control of o\u00f6genesis in the housefly, Musca domestica vicina.\u00a0\u2014 J.\u00a0Insect Physiol. 23: 1295-1302."},{"key":"R000052","series-title":"Fla. Entomol.","first-page":"200","article-title":"Pupal size distribution and sexual dimorphism in wild and laboratory populations of two species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies","volume":"105","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Rosario, M.","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Rosario, M., P\u00e9rez-Staples, D., Sanchez-Guillen, D., Ruiz-Montoya, L. & Liedo, P. (2022). Pupal size distribution and sexual dimorphism in wild and laboratory populations of two species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies.\u00a0\u2014 Fla. Entomol. 105: 200-205."},{"key":"R000053","series-title":"Fla. 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Rev. Entomol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The muscid genus Philornis comprises approximately 50 described species of flies, nearly all of which are obligate parasites of nestling birds. Philornis species are native to the Neotropics and widely distributed from Florida to Argentina. Most research on this group has focused on P. downsi, which was introduced to the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the late twentieth century. Although Philornis parasitism kills nestlings in several native host species, nowhere do the effects seem more severe than in P. downsi in the Gal\u00e1pagos. Here, we review studies of native and introduced Philornis in an attempt to identify factors that may influence virulence and consider implications for the conservation of hosts in the Gal\u00e1pagos. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-020117-043103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T17:30:55Z","timestamp":1508779855000},"page":"369-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Alien Invasion: Biology of <i>Philornis<\/i> Flies Highlighting <i>Philornis downsi,<\/i> an Introduced Parasite of Gal\u00e1pagos Birds"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sabrina M.","family":"McNew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0840, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale H.","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0840, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-99-24444"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/16.4.304"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2010.00753.x"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4086769"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4086770"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"13","volume":"11","author":"Arendt WJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ornitol. 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Thereafter, fitness costs to parasites, such as host-specific mortality, can drive parasites towards specialism to avoid costly hosts. It is important to determine changes in host specificity of invasive populations to understand host-parasite dynamics and their effects on vulnerable host populations. We examined changes in mortality in the introduced avian vampire fly (<jats:italic>Philornis downsi<\/jats:italic>) (Diptera: Muscidae), a generalist myasis-causing ectoparasite, between 2004 and 2020 on Floreana Island (Gal\u00e1pagos). Mortality was measured as the proportion of immature larvae found upon host nest termination. Over the time period, the avian vampire fly was most abundant and had low mortality in nests of the critically endangered medium tree finch (<jats:italic>Camarhynchus pauper<\/jats:italic>) and had the highest mortality in nests of hybrid tree finches (<jats:italic>Camarhynchus<\/jats:italic> spp.). Low larval mortality was also found in small tree (<jats:italic>Camarhynchus parvulus)<\/jats:italic> and small ground finch (<jats:italic>Geospiza fuliginosa)<\/jats:italic> nests. Selection could favour avian vampire flies that select medium tree finch nests and\/or avoid hybrid nests. Overall, the finding of differences in avian vampire fly survival across host species is parsimonious with the idea that the introduced fly may be evolving towards host specialisation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94996-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1628071389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin\u2019s finch host species"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Common","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Sumasgutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael Y.","family":"Dudaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9572-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Colombelli-N\u00e9grel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Kleindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"94996_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutchinson, G. 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