{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":148314,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:32:15Z","timestamp":1784730735647,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]],"date-time":"2006-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoologica Scripta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study revises the taxonomy, biology, phylogeny, and biogeography of the basal\u2010most nephilid spider lineage, the Clitaetrinae, with the least known nephilid genus <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic>. The five previously known species are redescribed: <jats:italic>Clitaetra clathrata<\/jats:italic> Simon from western Africa, <jats:italic>C. simoni<\/jats:italic> Benoit from central Africa, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0episinoides<\/jats:italic> Simon from the Comoro Islands and Mayotte, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0perroti<\/jats:italic> Simon from Madagascar, and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0thisbe<\/jats:italic> Simon from Sri Lanka with first descriptions of the males of <jats:italic>C. clathrata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0perroti<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0irenae<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. is described in both sexes from southern Africa. <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic> biology, so far largely unknown, is presented here based on observations of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0irenae<\/jats:italic> in South Africa, and clitaetrine anatomy is summarized to assess phylogenetic homologies. A species\u2010level phylogenetic analysis of 32 taxa scored for 197 morphological and behavioural characters results in eight most parsimonious cladograms and places <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic> as sister to the clade (<jats:italic>Herennia<\/jats:italic>+ (<jats:italic>Nephilengys<\/jats:italic>+<jats:italic>Nephila<\/jats:italic>)). Thus, the orb\u2010weaving spider family Nephilidae Simon contains the (sub)tropical genera <jats:italic>Nephila<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nephilengys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Herennia,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic>, but not <jats:italic>Deliochus<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Phonognatha<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Contra<\/jats:italic> recent cladistic treatments, the nephilines are not tetragnathids, but the sister group to the newly proposed clade, Nephilidae, is ambiguous. The three species clades (subgenera) within <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic> show a seemingly old Gondwanan biogeographic pattern: <jats:italic>Afroetra<\/jats:italic> subgen. nov., with the three mainland African species, is sister to <jats:italic>Clitaetra<\/jats:italic> with the two Indian Ocean island species. <jats:italic>Indoetra<\/jats:italic> subgen. nov. contains the unstudied species from Sri Lanka, <jats:italic>C.\u00a0thisbe<\/jats:italic>. Future understanding of the morphology and biology of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0thisbe<\/jats:italic> is important for the polarization of many nephilid features. Vicariance would estimate the clitaetrine subgeneric clades and basal nephilid lineages to be at least 160 Myr old and of Gondwanan origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2006.00220.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]],"date-time":"2006-01-13T16:37:29Z","timestamp":1137170249000},"page":"19-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Phylogenetic systematics of the Gondwanan nephilid spider lineage Clitaetrinae (Araneae, Nephilidae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Kuntner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/IS03002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2005.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agnarsson I.&Kuntner M.(2005).Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of socialAnelosimusspider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae).Systematic Entomology 30 575\u2013592. 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