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ORTLEB (1966) Anolis carolinensis: Effects of feeding on reaction to aposematic prey. Science 153 : 1140.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3740.1140"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"TERHUNE, E. C. (1977) Components of a visual stimulus used by scrub jays to discriminate a batesian model. Amer. Nat. 111 : 435-451."},{"key":"23","unstructured":"TINBERGEN, N. (1951) The study of instinct. Chap. VII. Clarendon, Oxford."}],"container-title":["Applied Entomology and Zoology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/aez1966\/14\/2\/14_2_164\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T12:24:05Z","timestamp":1659443045000},"score":23.149807,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/aez1966\/14\/2\/14_2_164\/_article"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1303\/aez.14.164","ISSN":["0003-6862","1347-605X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6862","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-605X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:19:17Z","timestamp":1775488757651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13695,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["374205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["374205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Population Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of group size on the survival and development of young larvae of <jats:italic>Pryeria sinica<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>Moore<\/jats:sc> were investigated by laboratory and field experiments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Under laboratory conditions, about 20% of isolated larvae died of unsuccessful feeding in the first instar, however, larvae survived successfully in aggregations of four or more individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the field, larvae emerge in early spring and wait for new leaves to open before feeding. In this period, the larger the group size of hatchlings the survival rate became higher. The nest\u2010web spun by hatchlings was considered to play an important role in protecting them from desiccation. In the period that larvae began to feed on leaves, more than 36 larvae are necessary to aggregate for the successful establishment of feeding groups. The nest\u2010web played an important role also in the establishment of feeding group. However, the natural group size of the first instar larvae was larger than the minimum group size to spin a sound nest\u2010web in the field experiment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>On the other hand, in later stage, larvae in a large group did not have an excess advantage in survival or developmental rate over larvae in a small group. It was found that the experiments on survival and developmental rates could not explain the reason that this species maintain large compact groups in the most part of larval period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02514098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T21:33:34Z","timestamp":1160602414000},"page":"156-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Some beneficial effects of aggregation in young larvae of <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i> moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Tsubaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture Nagoya University 464 Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853960X00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.7.77","article-title":"Notes on the biology of the tea tussock moth, Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand","volume":"7","author":"Hosoya J.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Jap. J. Sanit. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02510872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Iwao S.(1968)Some effects of grouping in lepidopterous insects. In:L'effect de groupe chez les animaux.pp.185\u2013212. Colloq. Intern. Centr. Nat. Rech. Sci. No. 173 Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1953.tb01247.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizuta K.(1960)Effects of indivivual number on the development and survival of the larvae of two lymantriid species living in aggregation and in scattering Jap.J. appl. Ent. Zool.4:146\u2013152. (In Japanese with English summary)","DOI":"10.1303\/jjaez.4.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The effect of larval aggregation upon survival, development, adult longevity and fecundity of a zygaenid moth, Artona funeralis Butler","volume":"3","author":"Mizuta K.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. Hiroshima Agr. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Effect of larval aggregation on the development of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)","volume":"4","author":"Mizuta K.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull. Hiroshima Agr. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Larval aggregation of the Japanese giant silk moth Dictyoploca japonica Butler","volume":"4","author":"Morimoto N.","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Fac. Agr. Shinshu Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Observation on larval behaviour of some gregarious insects","volume":"17","author":"Morimoto N.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Physiol. Ecol. Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Studies on the larval aggregation of Nordmaniana trachydelta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)","volume":"11","author":"Morimoto N.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Fac. Agr. Shinshu Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1303\/jjaez.21.190","article-title":"An analysis of mortality process of young larvae in gregarious insects","volume":"21","author":"Nakamura H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Effect of group size on the survival and development of young larvae of Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschlsky (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) and its role in the natural population","volume":"44","author":"Shiga M.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kontyu"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimoto T.(1962)Influences of individuals in aggregation or isolation on the development and survival of the larvae ofArtona funeralis.Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool.6:198\u2013199. (In Japanese with English summary)","DOI":"10.1303\/jjaez.6.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02513630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Watanabe N.andK.Umeya(1968)Biology ofHyphantria cuneaDrury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Japan. IV. Effects of group size on survival and growth of larvae.Res. Bull. Plant Protec. Serv. JapanNo.6:1\u20136."}],"container-title":["Population Ecology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02514098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF02514098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1761058046000},"score":22.922232,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/BF02514098"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/BF02514098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02514098","archive":["Portico"],"ISSN":["1438-3896","1438-390X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-3896","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-390X","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:47:34Z","timestamp":1767340054076},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,8]],"date-time":"2005-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6763,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zoologica Scripta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The dorsal and lateral integument of last instar larvae of <jats:italic>Pryeria sinica<\/jats:italic> Moore, 1877 contains two different types of cuticular chambers which are used for the storage of a cyanogenic defensive secretion. Both types of cavities are found to be homologous with those found in the larva of <jats:italic>Zygaena trifolii<\/jats:italic> (Esper, 1783), another zygaenid moth with a completely different aposematic pattern. In contrast to the condition in <jats:italic>Zygaena trifol\u00edi<\/jats:italic>, the type I cavities in <jats:italic>Pryeria sinica<\/jats:italic> bear two different types of opening structures, the smaller one of these being homologous with similar structures found in <jats:italic>Zygaena<\/jats:italic>. The aposematic pattern of the <jats:italic>Pryeria<\/jats:italic> larva is not contiguous with the cuticular cavities, as it is in <jats:italic>Zygaena<\/jats:italic>. The development of the opening structures in the four larval instars of <jats:italic>Pryeria<\/jats:italic> is described. It is suggested that the two types of opening structures of cuticular cavities, which form an apomorphic character of the Zygaeninae, have developed independently, the type I mechanisms representing the phylogenetically older system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,8]],"date-time":"2005-07-08T15:38:36Z","timestamp":1120837116000},"page":"89-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The structure and distribution of cyanoglucoside\u2010storing cuticular cavities in <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i> Moore (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"CLAS M.","family":"NAUMANN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"FEIST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmnz.19540300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Linamarin and lotaustralin as the source of cyanide in Zygaena filipendulae L. (Lepidoptera)","volume":"64","author":"Davis R. H.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1901.tb00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphologic und Histologie der Wehrsekretbeh\u00e4lter erwachsener Raupen von Zygaena trifolii (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)","volume":"48","author":"Franzl S.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ent. Abh.st.Mus. Tierk., Dresde"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(85)90093-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Predatory behaviour and learning in the lacertid lizard, Takydromus tachydromoides, toward unpalatable prey insects","volume":"91","author":"Johki Y.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Zool. Mag., Toky"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Biologic, Verbreitung and Morphologic von Praezygaena (Epizygaenella) caschmirensis (Kollar, 1848) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)","volume":"1","author":"Naumann C. M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Spixian"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5036\/bfsiu1968.25.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00386712"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative studies on the compounds of the larval defensive secretion of Zygaena trifolii (Esper, 1783) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)","volume":"79","author":"Witthohn K.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1984-7-825","article-title":"Die Verbreitung des \u03b2\u2010Cyan\u2010L\u2010alanin bei cyanogenen Lepidopteren","volume":"39","author":"Witthohn K.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Z. Naturf."}],"container-title":["Zoologica Scripta"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T19:42:56Z","timestamp":1697830976000},"score":22.357838,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00056.x","archive":["Portico"],"ISSN":["0300-3256","1463-6409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-3256","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-6409","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:19:18Z","timestamp":1775488758111,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Scientific Societies","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plant Health Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Pryeria sinica is a newly discovered foliar feeding insect previously known only from Asia that feeds on Euonymus and Celastrus. It is univoltine in Maryland and Virginia with egg hatch occurring in mid-March. Larvae initially feed as leaf skeletonizers, then later as leaf notchers. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Accepted for publication 7 August 2006. Published 27 November 2006. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1094\/php-2006-1127-01-br","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,21]],"date-time":"2008-05-21T21:56:28Z","timestamp":1211406988000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biology and Distribution of <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i>, a New Pest of Euonymus Found in Virginia and Maryland"],"prefix":"10.1094","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampton Roads AREC, Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach 23455"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Identification Lab., Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adria","family":"Bordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Fairfax County, 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List of tree insect pests in Korea, pp. 360. Gaemunsa, Seoul."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3725\/jjn1993.25.1_44","article-title":"Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and He-terorhabditidae) from Korea","volume":"25","author":"Choo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Japanese J. Nematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib7","first-page":"314","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against local agricultural and forest insect pests","volume":"34","author":"Choo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Korean J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib8","first-page":"69","article-title":"Practical utilization of entomopathogenic nematoges, Steinernema carpocapsae Pochen strain and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang strain for control of chestnut insect pests","volume":"40","author":"Choo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib9","first-page":"269","article-title":"Effects on temperature and nematode concentration on pathogenicity and reproduction of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Pochen strain (Nema-toda: Steinernematidae)","volume":"41","author":"Choo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Korean J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.33.263","article-title":"Effects of ultraviolet light on the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema kushidai and its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus japonicus.","volume":"33","author":"Fujiie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(78)90191-X","article-title":"Effects of ultraviolet radiation and sunlight on the entomogenous nematode, Neoa-plectana carpocapsae.","volume":"32","author":"Gaugler","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. of Inverte. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/84.3.713","article-title":"Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes","volume":"84","author":"Georgis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib13","series-title":"Entomopathogenic nematology","first-page":"169","article-title":"Survival biology","author":"Glazer","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib14","first-page":"122","article-title":"Studies on summer diapause in zygaenid moths (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). I. Factors affecting the pupal durations in Pryeria sinica.","volume":"51","author":"Ishii","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kontyu"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib15","series-title":"Manual of techniques in insect pathology","first-page":"281","article-title":"Techniques in insect pathology","author":"Kaya","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib16","series-title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control","first-page":"195","article-title":"Efficacy against soil-inhibiting insect pests","author":"Klein","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib17","unstructured":"Lee, B.Y., and Y.J. Chung. 1997. Korea tree insect pests. Sungandang, Seoul. 459pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib18","first-page":"76","article-title":"Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes to some agro-forest insect pests","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Korean J. Soil Zoology."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib19","first-page":"371","article-title":"Use of a stilbene brigh-tener, Tinopal LPW, as a radiation protectant for Steinernema carpocapsae.","volume":"24","author":"Nickle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib20","first-page":"782","article-title":"Effects of eight brightener as solar radiation protectants for Steinernema carpocapsae, All strain","volume":"26","author":"Nickle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Supplement to Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib21","first-page":"193","article-title":"Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae against fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Turfgrass Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib22","series-title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control","first-page":"23","article-title":"Taxanomy and biology of steinerne-matidae and heterorhabditidae","author":"Poinar","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib23","series-title":"SAS 6.11 for Windows","author":"SAS Institute","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2004.12.009","article-title":"Foliar application of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae for biological control of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella).","volume":"33","author":"Schroer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515588","article-title":"One host-one parasitoid system: seasonal life cycles of Pryeria sinica (Lepidoptera) and Agrothereutes minousubae (Hymenoptera)","volume":"24","author":"Shiotsu","year":"1982","journal-title":"Researches on Population Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515459","article-title":"One-host one-parasitoid system: population dynamics of a zygaenid moth Pryeria sinica Moore in an undisturbed habitat","volume":"28","author":"Shiotsu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Researches on Population Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1303\/jjaez.29.166","article-title":"Adult emergence, sex ratio, flight, thermal reaction and longevity of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)","volume":"29","author":"Tamura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology."}],"container-title":["Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226861508602885?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1226861508602885?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:21:48Z","timestamp":1761124908000},"score":21.25413,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1226861508602885"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1226861508602885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1226-8615(08)60288-5","ISSN":["1226-8615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-8615","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and Persistence on Euonymus japonica Thunberg Foliage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1226-8615(08)60288-5","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:35:28Z","timestamp":1777113328687,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102022\u2010NR075590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102022\u2010NR075590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Entomological Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pryeria sinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Moore is a significant pest of Celastraceae and Pentaphylacaceae plants, causing extensive defoliation in East Asia and beyond. Although its morphological and biological characteristics have been studied in China and Japan, detailed research on the Korean population remains limited. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of Korean\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P.\u2009sinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations, including stage\u2010specific changes, sexual dimorphism, cocoons, and wings. The morphological analysis revealed that the Korean population shows distinct differences from other East Asian populations in the distribution of spiracles and wing venation. Notably, the Korean population exhibited spiracles from the first to eighth abdominal segments, whereas the Taiwanese population lacked spiracles on the first segment. Wing venation patterns differed, particularly in the bifurcation of cubital and anal veins, suggesting divergence between Chinese and Taiwanese populations compared to Korean and Japanese populations. The morphological differences identified in this study are interpreted as regional variation influenced by local environmental conditions. However, whether such variation reflects environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity or more fundamental differences indicative of potential speciation requires further clarification through molecular studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-5967.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:13:07Z","timestamp":1775452387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct Morphological Traits of Korean Populations of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) Associated With Regional Variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ji\u00a0Yun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il\u2010Kwon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Checklist of the Lepidoptera of the British Isles","author":"Agassiz D. J. L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mmnz.19540300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336934.2022.2040316"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"First Report of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in North America","volume":"106","author":"Brown J. W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Research Significance of Wing and Vein Among Insecta","volume":"3","author":"Cui B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Ovipositing, Egg\u2010Batch Formation and Embryonic Development in Burnet Moths (Zygaena Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)","volume":"62","author":"Hofmann A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entomologist's Gazette"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Studies on Summer Diapause in Zygaenid Moths (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae). I. Factors Affecting the Pupal Duration in Pryeria sinica","volume":"51","author":"Ishii M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kontyu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Japanese Meteorological Agency.2024. \u201cHistorical Weather Data Retrieval (in Japanese).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.data.jma.go.jp\/stats\/etrn\/index.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.14.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"An Illustrated Guide to Tree Disease and Pest of Apartment Complexes in Korea","author":"Korea Forest Service","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Korea Meteorological Administration.2024.Climate Statistics Analysis (in Korean).https:\/\/data.kma.go.kr\/stcs\/grnd\/grndTaList.do?pgmNo=70."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57065\/shilap.237"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The Major Pests of the Zygaenidae Family Affecting Landscape Trees (in Korean)","volume":"65","author":"Lee S. G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Landscape Trees"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Some Agro\u2010Forest Insect Pests","volume":"2","author":"Lee S. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Soil Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1289-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"New Species and Subspecies of Moths From the Japanese Empire","volume":"19","author":"Matsumura S.","year":"1927","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"On the Life History of Pryeria sinica Moore","volume":"30","author":"Matsuzawa H.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Kontyu"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Meteostat.2024.Chapter Weather History & Climate of Nanjing (Weather Data Provided by NOAA and Deutscher Wetterdienst and Environment Canada).https:\/\/meteostat.net\/en\/place\/cn\/nanjing?s=58238&t=1990\u201001\u201001\/1990\u201012\u201031."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222937708682201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-023-01095-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Pupae of Japanese Zygaenidae and Epipyropidae (Lepidoptera)","volume":"57","author":"Nakamura M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lepidoptera Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration.2024. \u201cChapter GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Washington DC.\u201dhttps:\/\/data.giss.nasa.gov\/gistemp\/station_data_v4_globe\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/271378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2012.01774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHP-2006-1127-01-BR"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Bionomics of Pryeria sinica Moore and Its Control","volume":"27","author":"Shen B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Entomological Knowledge"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515459"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Influence of the Growth Stages of the Host Plant Leaves on the Assimilation Rate of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)","volume":"25","author":"Tamura M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology (in Japanese)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/jjaez.29.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on Larval Development of Pryeria sinica Moore at Constant Temperature (in Japanese)","volume":"25","author":"Tamura M.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02514098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Systematic and Synonymic Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Iberian Peninsula, Ceuta, Melilla, and the Azores, Balearic, Canary, Madeira, and Selvagens Islands (Insecta: Lepidoptera) (in Spanish)","author":"Vives\u2010Moreno A.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Studies on the Bionomics of Pryeria sinica Moore (in Chinese)","volume":"37","author":"Wang J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Entomological Journal of East China"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae), a Newly Discovered Relic in Taiwan","volume":"48","author":"Yen S. H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lepidoptera Science"}],"container-title":["Entomological Research"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70116","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:44:45Z","timestamp":1777110285000},"score":20.850183,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70116"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1748-5967.70116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70116","archive":["Portico"],"ISSN":["1738-2297","1748-5967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-2297","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5967","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70116"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:57:56Z","timestamp":1765544276811,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13330,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Population Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The zygaenid\n                    <jats:italic>Pryeria sinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>Moore<\/jats:sc>\n                    and the ichneumonid\n                    <jats:italic>Agrothereutes minousubae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>Nakanishi<\/jats:sc>\n                    form a one host\u2014one parasitoid system in nature. Their seasonal life cycles were investigated by laboratory experiments and field observations, and the life\u2010cycle adaptation of the parasitoid to its host was examined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The moth is univoltine. The larva hatches from mid\u2010February to mid\u2010March and feeds on leaf buds and young leaves of ever green\n                    <jats:italic>Euonymus japonicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sc>Thunb<\/jats:sc>\n                    . The thermal constants for completing the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th larval instars and prepupal stage were 85.6, 80.5, 85.2, 177,0 and 197.6 degree\u2010days, respectively. The prepupa and pupa vulnerable to the attack by the parasitoid occurred from mid\u2010April to early May and from mid\u2010 to late May, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Diapause in the parasitoid is facultative and occurs in the eonymphal stage. The photoperiodic response for this diapause was a long\u2010day type with a critical photoperiod of 13 hr 40 min at 20\u00b0C, but it was not expressed at 25\u00b0C, most larvae entering diapause irrespective of photoperiod. About 19, 120, 82 and 112 degree\u2010days above 7\u00b0C were required to complete the egg, larval, prepupal and pupal development, respectively. These data were superimposed on the photothermograph of Fukuoka, and it is predicted that the 1st adult eclosion would occur in late April and the partial 2nd adult eclosion in early June. The prediction was supported by field observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The adult eclosion of the parasitoid synchronized well with the apperance of prepupae and pupae of the moth. The parasitoid has two types of seasonal life cycle, one generation and two generations a year. Both types have an extremely long dormant period of 10\u201311 months due to aestivo\u2010hibernation. This seasonal life cycle enables the parasitoid to maintain its population when the host is in short supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02515588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T22:12:53Z","timestamp":1160604773000},"page":"43-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["One host\u2014one parasitoid system: Seasonal life cycles of\n                    <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i>\n                    (Ledipoptera) and\n                    <i>Agrothereutes Minousubae<\/i>\n                    (Hymenoptera)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Shiotsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology, Faculty of Science Kyushu University 812 Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 812 Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/67.6.845"},{"volume-title":"Photoperiodism and seasonal development of insect.","year":"1965","author":"Danilevskii A. 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We analyzed the process stabilizing the local population by the life table approach for immature stages and the mark\u2010recapture method for the adult stage. Females usually layed about 130 eggs in an egg\u2010mass. The shape of the survivorship curve was convex and was characterized by a relatively low mortality in the egg and larval stages and by a relatively high mortality in the prepupal and pupal stages. The low mortality in the early stage seemed to be not only due to the peculiar life cycle of this species (larvae develop in early spring when natural enemies are not active) but due to their protective nest\u2010webs, larval warning coloration and repellent smell. The high mortality after cocooning was caused by severe parasitization by <jats:italic>Agrothereutes minousubae<\/jats:italic>. The number of adult in the population varied by 2.10\u2010fold, which was less than that of other gregarious moths. The life table data and field observations suggest that adult female dispersal would have acted as a stabilizing factor, and <jats:italic>A. minousubae<\/jats:italic> as a conditioning factor on the dynamics of the moth population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02515459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T22:47:29Z","timestamp":1160606849000},"page":"333-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["One\u2010host one\u2010parasitoid system: Population dynamics of a zygaenid moth <i>Pryeria sinica<\/i> Moore in an undisturbed habitat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Shiotsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Kyushu University 812 Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Tsubaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture Nagoya University 464 Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Animal population ecology.","author":"Dempster J. 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