{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":259,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T05:12:35Z","timestamp":1734412355970,"version":"3.30.2"},"description":"This datasheet on Scymnus nubilus covers Identity, Hosts\/Species Affected, Further Information.","reference-count":1,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"DOI":"10.1079\/cabicompendium.81874892","type":"dataset","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:59:19Z","timestamp":1669330759000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scymnus nubilus"],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"name":"CABI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"242","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holecov\u00e1 M. Zach P. Holl\u00e1 K. \u0160ebestov\u00e1 M. Klesniakov\u00e1 M. \u0160est\u00e1kov\u00e1 A. Hon\u011bk A. Nedv\u011bd O. Par\u00e1k M. Martinkov\u00e1 Z. Holec J. Vigl\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1 S. Brown P. M. J. Roy H. E. Kulfan J. 2018. Overwintering of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Scots pine in Central Europe.European Journal of Entomology 115658-667. DOI: 10.14411\/eje.2018.065","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2018.065"}],"container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T14:36:04Z","timestamp":1734359764000},"score":41.48767,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.81874892"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":1,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.81874892","published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:02:16Z","timestamp":1760234536127,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento","award":["2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009"]}]},{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional dos Recursos Florestais","award":["PICONNIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICONNIA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Larvae of the minute aphidophagous Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are common predators in apple orchards, covered by a wax layer that might act as a defense mechanism against natural enemies. However, the costs and benefits of protection conferred by wax remain to be assessed. We tested the following hypothesis: there is a trade-off in wax producing ladybeetles between the protection conferred by wax cover and the physiological or behavioral costs associated with its production. We predict that: (1) wax production is an efficient defensive mechanism (against intraguild predation), (2) wax production is associated with detrimental physiological (growth, reproduction) or behavioral effects (behavioral compensation: increased biomass consumption). RESULTS: Tests were carried out in the laboratory with wax and waxless larvae of S. nubilus, with and without lacewing larvae of Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) being used as a potential intraguild predator of the coccinellid. Waxless individuals were more susceptible to intraguild predation by lacewing larvae. Adults originating from waxless larvae were lighter than the ones originating from wax larvae, suggesting a metabolic cost resulting from a constant need of wax production. Body-weight gain and conversion efficiency were lower in waxless larvae. Biomass consumption was similar, showing that waxless larvae did not compensate for the physiological cost by eating more aphid biomass. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the potential existence of a trade-off between growth and protection associated with wax production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12050458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Costs and Benefits of Wax Production in the Larvae of the Ladybeetle Scymnus nubilus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da M\u00e3e de Deus, 13-A, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c-ABG-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da M\u00e3e de Deus, 13-A, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4126-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Lutte Biologique, D\u00e9partement des Sciences Biologiques, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Onofre","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c-ABG-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5323","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx271","article-title":"Anti-adhesive effects of plant wax coverage on insect attachment","volume":"68","author":"Gorb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Wash."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/ens.12096","article-title":"Characterization of the alimentary canal of the aphidophagous ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Anatomical and histological approach","volume":"18","author":"Borges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entomol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.04.001","article-title":"Spatial and temporal changes in the abundance of species and species composition of communities of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","volume":"20","author":"Dixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4309","article-title":"An artificial diet containing plant pollen for the mealybug predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri","volume":"73","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-011-9376-4","article-title":"The chemical ecology of Harmonia axyridis","volume":"56","author":"Sloggett","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodek, I., Hon\u011bk, A., and van Emden, H.F. (2012). Intraguild interactions. Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae), Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.","key":"ref_11","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118223208"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2000.068","article-title":"Defense, oviposition and sex: Semiochemical parsimony in two species of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)? A short review","volume":"97","author":"Hemptinne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae), Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.","key":"ref_40","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118223208"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-014-9640-5","article-title":"Effect of temperature and prey in the biology of Scymnus subvillosus","volume":"60","author":"Borges","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioControl"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"491","article-title":"Predation rate and performance of three ladybirds against the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in sweet pepper","volume":"66","author":"Pekas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[3246:AFISSC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A fox in sheep\u2019s clothing: Furtive predators benefit from the communal defense of their prey","volume":"82","author":"Lucas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2008.050","article-title":"Leucopis annulipes larvae (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) use a furtive predation strategy within aphid colonies","volume":"105","author":"Larouche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Entomol."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/12\/5\/458\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:02:17Z","timestamp":1760162537000},"score":26.591093,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/12\/5\/458"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["insects12050458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects12050458","ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4450"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:35:37Z","timestamp":1790768137145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioControl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-012-9490-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T15:21:34Z","timestamp":1351610494000},"page":"351-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Contrasting population growth parameters of the aphidophagous Scymnus nubilus and the coccidophagous Nephus reunioni"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-L.","family":"Hemptinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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In the present study, the suitability of the aphids Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) for the ladybird predator Scymnus nubilus Mulsant was assessed for the first time. For this, we evaluated and compared the life history traits of immature individuals and adults of the predator fed single-aphid diets and the consequences of the single-aphid diets for the demographic parameters. Scymnus nubilus that were fed A. fabae were significantly more fecund and presented a shorter immature development time than those fed M. persicae. The predators fed A. fabae had a significantly higher net reproductive rate, an intrinsic and finite rate of increase, while their doubling time was significantly lower than that of those fed M. persicae. The aphid species used in this study are new additions to the essential prey list of the ladybird, with the predator presenting a better biological performance than that found on the previously known essential prey species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15070486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1719828886000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Population Growth Parameters of Scymnus nubilus Fed Single-Aphid Diets of Aphis fabae or Myzus persicae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2013ABG\u2013Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2758-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume J.","family":"Dury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway #C0930, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio O.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2013ABG\u2013Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2010.06.010","article-title":"Peach orchard protection strategies and aphid communities: Towards an integrated agroecosystem approach","volume":"10","author":"Penvern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dron, D. 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