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The parallel path wet\/dry cooling tower is one of the most commonly used approaches for plume abatement, however, the associated capital cost is usually high due to the addition of the dry coils. Recently, passive technologies, which make use of free solar energy or the latent heat of the hot, moist air rising through the cooling tower fill, have been proposed to minimize or abate the visible plume and\/or conserve water. In this review, we contrast established versus\u00a0novel technologies and give a perspective on the relative merits and demerits of each. Of course, no assessment of the severity of a visible plume can be made without first understanding its atmospheric trajectory. To this end, numerous attempts, being either theoretical or numerical or experimental, have been proposed to predict plume behavior in atmospheres that are either uniform versus\u00a0density-stratified or still versus\u00a0windy (whether highly-turbulent or not). Problems of particular interests are plume rise\/deflection, condensation and drift deposition, the latter consideration being a concern of public health due to the possible transport and spread of Legionella bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10652-021-09790-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T12:04:44Z","timestamp":1618488284000},"page":"521-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cooling tower plume abatement and plume modeling: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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Using the above methodological developments allows determining the main design parameters of the cooling tower steam-water plum, in particular, temperature and humidity conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33075\/2220-5861-2022-1-49-55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T18:31:45Z","timestamp":1655058705000},"page":"49-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of the steam-water plume of the cooling tower in the environment"],"prefix":"10.33075","author":[{"name":"Sevastopol State University","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.I.","family":"Osadchaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.A.","family":"Nichkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Gerasimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.S.","family":"Shenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18520","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"container-title":["Monitoring systems of environment"],"original-title":["\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T18:31:53Z","timestamp":1655058713000},"score":28.35384,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/msoe.ru\/en\/articles\/2022\/47-06\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33075\/2220-5861-2022-1-49-55","ISSN":["2220-5861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2220-5861"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T05:06:36Z","timestamp":1677906396008},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,1]],"date-time":"1990-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":636249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Filtration &amp; 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The stream of saturated exhaust air leaving the cooling tower called the plume is visible when water vapor it contains condenses in contact with cooler ambient air, like the saturated air in one's breath fogs on a cold day. Under certain conditions, the cooling tower plume may present fogging or icing hazards to its surroundings and gives some environmental problems. To find the solution for this problem a cooling tower has been analysed based on air flow rate through the tower and the cooling load to obtain fresh water yield by utilising plume from cooling tower top. The theoretical analysis gives the values of important parameters Theoretical analysis has been done on wet cooling tower by varying the water flow rate through which affect the performance of a cooling tower such as the cooling range, effectiveness, approach, fresh water yield etc. Then with the conditions of a trials from the analysis, the mass flow rate of water in the cooling tower was scaled up to match the mass flow rate of water in an industrial cooling tower. 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The three kinds of relative humidity were 70%, 80% and 90% and it was analyzed that the plume character under these three kinds of relative humidity. Results showed that the plume length, plume height and plume radius will present different change trend when relative humidity changed. 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Use of energy and utility in industries is huge. There are lots of work done to save utility and conservation of energy previously. Still there is scope to do work for these. Cooling towers are major equipment for utility in various industries like chemical, petroleum, power plant etc. cooling tower absorbs low\/high grade energy from process plant and emits it into the environment in the form of low-grade energy. Low-grade energy is difficult to recover and utilize in industries. sometime recovery and utilization are possible but cost of recovery is higher. Here we work to recovery of low-grade energy from cooling tower water and utilize for the evaporation of liquid to gas like chlorine, Sulphur dioxide, ammonia etc. which are store in liquid condition in cylinder and requires in gas form and higher flow rate. This arrangement will give advantage over conventional evaporation utilities like steam, hot water, electrical\/thermal tracing etc., also gives advantages in cooling tower performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46647\/ijetms.2023.v07i05.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T23:13:46Z","timestamp":1697498026000},"page":"495-498","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13003\/0pyd3js","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LOW GRADE HEAT RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWER"],"prefix":"10.46647","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Mayur savale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"26014","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"NIST web book for chlorine and sulphur dioxide, Ammonia etc.  https:\/\/webbook.nist.gov\/cgi\/cbook.cgi?ID=7782-50-5"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"BEE Book-3 for energy efficiency in utilities, chapter-7(cooling tower), pg. no.199-220."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"BEE Book-3 for energy efficiency in utilities, chapter-4(heat pump), pg. no.131-133."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"\u201cSulphur Dioxide Handling Manual\u201d by hydro instruments, SO2-001 Rev. 02\/08\/13. Pg. no. 4."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Linde datasheet-ammonia."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Linde datasheet-chlorine, June 2018."}],"container-title":["international journal of engineering technology and management sciences"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijetms.in\/Vol-7-issue-5\/Vol-7-Issue-5-61.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T23:13:52Z","timestamp":1697498032000},"score":26.24342,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijetms.in\/Vol-7-issue-5\/Vol-7-Issue-5-61.html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":6,"issue-title":["September - October 2023"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46647\/ijetms.2023.v07i05.061","archive":["Internet Archive","Internet Archive"],"ISSN":["2581-4621"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2581-4621"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijetms.in\/Vol-7-issue-5\/Vol-7-Issue-5-61.html","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T20:45:14Z","timestamp":1648759514953},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Japan Association for Wind Engineering","issue":"75","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wind Engineers, JAWE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"DOI":"10.5359\/jawe.1998.75_43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T06:18:24Z","timestamp":1327040304000},"page":"43-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study on Prediction of Visible Plume from Wet-type Cooling Tower"],"prefix":"10.5359","volume":"1998","author":[{"given":"Akinori","family":"KOUCHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"OHBA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"OKABAYASHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3307","container-title":["Wind Engineers, JAWE"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T23:45:28Z","timestamp":1621554328000},"score":25.688591,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jawe1982\/1998\/75\/1998_75_43\/_article"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"75","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5359\/jawe.1998.75_43","ISSN":["1883-8413","0912-1935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1883-8413","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0912-1935","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:05:20Z","timestamp":1791039920715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1957,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When recirculating cooling tower systems are used as a source of cooling water for plant operations, quality and composition of the initial and make-up water systems are not the only factors to be considered when selecting an inhibitor. Also important are the contaminating factors introduced from the atmosphere.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This paper describes a situation wherein at one plant the initial inhibitor treatment became ineffective due to expansion of plant activities and introduction of additional and greater amounts of atmospheric contamination. The value of laboratory screening tests followed by plant tests to assure proper protection are discussed. As a result of this incident the value of continuous testing in the field in a versatile and ever-growing plant is reported. 4.6.4<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5006\/0010-9312-13.11.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,18]],"date-time":"2014-07-18T13:58:39Z","timestamp":1405691919000},"page":"33-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibiting a Cooling Water Tower System"],"prefix":"10.5006","volume":"13","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"F. 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In the calculation, the specific air flow rate, the number of sections and the structural size of the tower are determined, according to the calculated value, energy-efficient methods are determined.\n\nKeywords: cooling tower, fan, specific air enthalpy, diagram I-d, relative humidity, aerodynamic resistance, thermometer.\n\n\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044f. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b.\n\n\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 I-d, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.48175\/ijarsct-766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T03:15:28Z","timestamp":1613013328000},"page":"173-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heat Calculations of Water Cooling Tower"],"prefix":"10.48175","author":[{"given":"Abdulkhaev Zokhidjon","family":"Erkinjonovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madraximov Mamadali","family":"Mamadaliyevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdurazaqov Axmadullo","family":"Muxammadovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoyev Mardon","family":"Axmadjon o\u2019g\u2019li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. 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