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Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The effects of electric charges and fields on droplet collision\u2013coalescence and the evolution of cloud droplet size distribution are studied numerically. Collision efficiencies for droplet pairs with radii from 2 to 1024\u2009\u00b5m and charges from \u221232\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    to +32\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (in units of elementary charge; droplet radius\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    in units of \u00b5m) in different strengths of downward electric fields (0, 200, and 400\u2009V\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) are computed by solving the equations of motion for the droplets. It is seen that the collision efficiency is increased by electric charges and fields, especially for pairs of small droplets. These can be considered as being electrostatic effects. The evolution of the cloud droplet size distribution with the electrostatic\neffects is simulated using the stochastic collection equation. Results show\nthat the electrostatic effect is not notable for clouds with the initial\nmean droplet radius of r\u00af=15\u2009\u00b5m or larger. For clouds with the initial r\u00af=9\u2009\u00b5m, the electric charge without a field could evidently accelerate raindrop formation compared to the uncharged condition, and the existence of electric fields further accelerates it. For clouds with the initial r\u00af=6.5\u2009\u00b5m, it is difficult for gravitational collision to occur, and the electric field could significantly enhance the collision process. The results of this study indicate that electrostatic effects can accelerate raindrop formation in natural conditions, particularly for polluted clouds. It is seen that the aerosol effect on the suppression of raindrop formation is significant in polluted clouds, when comparing the three cases with r\u00af=15, 9, and 6.5\u2009\u00b5m. However, the electrostatic effects can accelerate raindrop formation in polluted clouds and mitigate the aerosol effect to some extent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-69-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1609840286000},"page":"69-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The enhancement of droplet collision by electric charges  and atmospheric electric fields"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shian","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albrecht, B. 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The effect of electric charges and atmospheric electric fields on droplet spectrum evolution is studied numerically. Collision efficiencies for droplet pair with radii from 2 to 1024\u2009\u03bcm and charges from \u221232\u2009r2 to +32\u2009r2 (in unit of elementary charge, droplet radius r in unit of \u03bcm) in different strength of downwards electric fields (0, 200 and 400\u2009V\/cm) is computed. It is seen that collision efficiency is increased by electric charges and fields, especially for a pair of small droplets. The evolution of cloud droplet spectrum with different initial sizes is simulated using the stochastic collection equation. Results show that the electric effect is not notable for the cloud with the initial mean droplet radius r\u2009=\u200915\u2009\u03bcm or larger. For the cloud with the initial r\u2009=\u20099\u2009\u03bcm, the electric charge without field could evidently accelerate large-drop formation compared to the uncharged condition, and the existence of electric fields further accelerates it. For the cloud with the initial r\u2009=\u20096.5\u2009\u03bcm, it is difficult for gravitational collision to occur, and the electric field could significantly enhance the collision process. Results of this study indicate that electric charges and fields could accelerate large-drop formation in natural conditions, particularly for clouds with small droplet size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1140","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T06:04:31Z","timestamp":1580450671000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The   enhancement   of   droplet   collision   by electric charges   and atmospheric electric 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Experimental results show that while absorption is favoured with increasing\n                    <jats:italic>We<\/jats:italic>\n                    , there exists a range around\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2248, 1 over which this tendency is moderated. This local moderation in turn corresponds to a regime, 11 \u2272\n                    <jats:italic>We<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2272 14, over which increasing\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    from a small value leads to a triple reversalbehaviour of absorption, bouncing, absorption again, and bouncing again. 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Phys. D: Appl. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dissipating\nfog and fog water collection have been of great concern recently. Corona discharge can produce charge and electric field, and accelerate the above process by promoting fog droplets collision. Collision efficiency and kernel are introduced to\nanalyze the effect of electric charge and electric field on fog droplets collision in this paper. For fog droplets, the efficiency and kernel represent the probability and rate of collision, respectively. In addition, an extended trajectory\nmodel, including drag force, gravity, electrostatic force and applied electric field force, is proposed. The results indicate that the charge promotes the efficiency and kernel significantly. However, the collision efficiency between charged drop and neutral droplet under uniform electric field is reduced. When the applied electric field strength increases, the collision efficiency first decreases and then increases to 1.0, whereas the collision kernel increases at all times. This is because the electrostatic force, hydrodynamic force and inertial force vary with electric field. The calculated\nresults can be used to optimize the efficiency of fog dissipation and fog water collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ac16fb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T18:15:41Z","timestamp":1626977741000},"page":"455201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Numerical analysis of collision characteristics between charged drop and neutral droplet under uniform electric field"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4761-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyou","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"dac16fbbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/SIELA.2018.8447101","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Evaluation and analysis of fog dispersion under the influence of an electric field","author":"Rio","year":"2018"},{"key":"dac16fbbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/abf0ef","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An electrostatic scheme realizing the complete interception of fog droplets by corona discharge-induced ion wind","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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In this study, we investigate droplet removal from a solid surface using an electric field. First, a visual platform was established to capture a video of the droplet deforming and jumping motion in an electric field, and a deformed ellipse equation was applied to fit the liquid droplet profiles. Second, the electric charge distribution was obtained, and the electric forces on the droplet surface before and after jumping were calculated. The result indicates that the charge only accumulates on the upper surface of the droplet, mostly at the top point, and the maximum charge of the 7\u2009\u03bcl droplet is about 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22124\u2009\u03bcC in this experiment. The forces on the droplet are almost constant and maintain a constant acceleration (greater than 10\u2009m\/s2) after leaving the surface. Third, the effects of droplet volume, electric field intensity, and electrode plate distance on droplet jumping were quantitatively studied. The experiments show that the electric field intensity required for droplet jumping is independent of the droplet volume but positive with the distance between the plates, when the distance between plates increases from 10 to 18\u2009mm, the critical jumping electric field intensity increases by 0.1\u2009kV\/mm. The droplet acceleration decreases by about 20% with the increase in volume (5\u201310\u2009\u03bcl) but increases with the increase in electric field intensity. The charge increases with the increase in electric field intensity, but the charge\u2013mass ratio decreases by about 30% with the increase in volume (5\u201310\u2009\u03bcl). Finally, the results show that a small volume and plate distance are more favorable to stimulating the droplets jumping under the electric field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0111817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T07:34:41Z","timestamp":1665473681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Forces and charge analysis of a water droplet dragged by an electric field"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yuehui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5852-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiongwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081008115004100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1243\/09576500260049034","article-title":"Dropwise condensation theory and experiment: A review","volume":"216","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. 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Three comparisons of theory, simulation and experiment are in good agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2650\/1\/012039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T13:56:05Z","timestamp":1701438965000},"page":"012039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Droplet Collision of Dynamic SiO2 Superhydrophobic 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However, the fact that the present macroscopic numerical model is unable to capture the collision regime of coalescence after minor deformation supports the speculation that its mechanism is related to the microscopic dynamics. Furthermore, the transition from bouncing to coalescence collisions has been predicted and agrees well with the analytical model. The mechanism of satellite droplet formation for head-on collision and stretching separation collision is also studied based on the detailed time-resolved dynamic simulation results. It is then confirmed that end pinching is the main cause of satellite formation in head-on collisions whereas the capillary-wave instability becomes dominant in large impact parameter cases. In the case of an intermediate impact parameter, the effects of twisting and stretching due to the angular momentum and the inertia of the colliding droplets are significant for the satellite formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2009527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T18:05:41Z","timestamp":1124129141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Numerical simulation of binary liquid droplet collision"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc. Computational Physics Laboratory, , Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc. 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