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All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:03:43Z","timestamp":1790262223563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, calling for access to safe water and sanitation for all by the year 2030 supports the efforts in water-scarce countries and regions to go beyond conventional resources and tap unconventional water supplies to narrow the water demand-supply gap. Among the unconventional water resources, the potential to collect water from the air, such as fog harvesting, is by far the most under-explored. Fog water collection is a passive, low maintenance, and sustainable option that can supply fresh drinking water to communities where fog events are common. Because of the relatively simple design of fog collection systems, their operation and maintenance are minimal and the associated cost likewise; although, in certain cases, some financially constrained communities would need initial subsidies. Despite technology development and demonstrated benefits, there are certain challenges to fog harvesting, including lack of supportive policies, limited functional local institutions, inexpert communities, gender inequality, and perceived high costs without undertaking comprehensive economic analyses. By addressing such challenges, there is an opportunity to provide potable water in areas where fog intensity and duration are sufficient, and where the competition for clean water is intensifying because water resources are at a far distance or provided by expensive sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w10040372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T03:47:45Z","timestamp":1522036065000},"page":"372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Fog Water Collection: Challenges beyond Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Manzoor","family":"Qadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigenous Affairs, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Farnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3706-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Smakhtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.07.001","article-title":"Water scarcity: Fact or fiction?","volume":"80","author":"Rijsberman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. 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The effects of flow rate, temperature and particles on the collection of fog droplets were investigated. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of water collection was analyzed at different voltages. The results show that the current decreases with the increase of air relative humidity under the same voltage, and the breakdown voltage increases obviously. Concurrently, by appropriately reducing the wet flue gas flow velocity, the residence time of fog droplets in the electric field can be increased, fully charging the droplets and improving the water collection efficiency. Moreover, experiments revealed that through decreasing the flue gas temperature, both the water collection rate and energy efficiency can be improved. In addition, the presence of particles in wet gas can improve the water collection rate by 5~8% at different discharge voltages. Finally, based on energy efficiency analysis, with the increase of voltage, although the water collection rate increased, the energy efficiency decreased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9070169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1657142152000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fog Droplet Collection by Corona Discharge in a Needle\u2013Cylinder Electrostatic Precipitator with a Water Cooling System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.143","article-title":"Environmental influence and countermeasures for high humidity flue gas discharging from power plants","volume":"73","author":"Shuangchen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. 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In numerous arid regions, nets are used to harvest such water droplets. However, many current fog nets are either not durable or expensive, and have poor performances for short time or low intensity fog events. With a dedicated test bench, we show here that a low-cost net with kirigami design offers a higher and faster fog collecting ability than the usual fibers nets. This kirigami fog net consists of a continuous network of strips where water quickly forms a stable film, accounting for its superior capture efficiency. We rationalize this mechanism with a simplified structure composed of disconnected strips whose optimization paves the way to the shaping of original fog nets such as the kirigami one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-023-00266-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T19:02:28Z","timestamp":1689879748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Kirigami fog nets: how strips improve water collection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1821-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Brice","family":"Bintein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Cornu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floriane","family":"Weyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"De Coster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9810-768X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Terwagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"266_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 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A cone has a higher collection rate per unit area than a flat surface with the same wettability. An array of cones has higher collection rate per unit area than a single cone, because droplets in a conical array coalesce, leading to higher frequency of droplets falling. Adding heterogeneity further increases the difference. Based on the findings, scaled-up designs of beetle-, grass- and cactus-inspired surfaces and nets are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T03:05:51Z","timestamp":1545620751000},"page":"20180269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Designing bioinspired surfaces for water collection from fog"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-9986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dev","family":"Gurera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- &amp; Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201\u2009W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-6601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bharat","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- &amp; Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201\u2009W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly. 2010 The Human Right to Water and Sanitation. 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Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nature is known for using conical shapes to transport the collected water from fog for consumption or storage. The curvature gradient of the conical shape creates a Laplace pressure gradient in the water droplets which drives them towards the region of lower curvature. Linear cones with linearly increasing radii have been studied extensively. A smaller tip angle cone transports water droplets farther because of higher Laplace pressure gradient. Whereas a larger tip angle with a larger surface slope transports water droplets because of higher gravitational forces. In this study, for the first time, a nonlinear cone with a concave profile has been designed with small tip angle and nonlinearly increasing radius to maximize water collection.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T07:05:41Z","timestamp":1560150341000},"page":"20190125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bioinspired conical design for efficient water collection from fog"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-9986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dev","family":"Gurera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201\u2009W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-6601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bharat","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201\u2009W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71676-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112004009152"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201301876"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0269"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0118"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T04:59:33Z","timestamp":1613624373000},"score":22.790522,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2150","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125","ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:20:06Z","timestamp":1778127606990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008627","name":"Global Affairs Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No specific grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No specific grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fog water collection is an emerging opportunity to combat local water shortages in water-scarce areas where sustainable access to water is unreliable, but fog events are frequent. Since fog water systems are implemented within or near communities, they eliminate or decrease the need to travel far distances for the collection of water during times of scarcity. As a result, these systems decrease the physical and social burden of water collection on women and girls, who are the primary water gatherers in most traditional communities. This is an important outcome because women and girls are disproportionately affected by water scarcity and are not seen as equals in water management, access, or control. This paper illustrates how several fog water collection projects have shown, empirically, that the positive outcomes for women and girls may include the freeing of time for domestic and educational pursuits, improved health outcomes, and improved perceptions of self and others\u2019 perceptions of women. These findings are important at a time when the world at large is addressing the Sustainable Development Agenda, where Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 necessitates safe water and sanitation for all and SDG 5 ensures gender equality to empower all women and girls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w10101472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T10:08:02Z","timestamp":1539943682000},"page":"1472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gender and Community Mainstreaming in Fog Water Collection Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kayla J.","family":"Lucier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0904-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manzoor","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1214","DOI":"10.1002\/wat2.1214","article-title":"Progress in household water insecurity metrics: A cross-disciplinary approach","volume":"4","author":"Jepson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Water"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Burek, P., Satoh, Y., Fischer, G., Kahil, T., Nava Jimenez, L., Scherzer, A., Tramberend, S., Wada, Y., Eisner, S., and Fl\u00f6rke, M. (2018, June 12). Water Futures and Solution: Fast Track Initiative Final Report. Available online: http:\/\/pure.iiasa.ac.at\/id\/eprint\/13008\/1\/WP-16-006.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Water Assessment Programme (2012). The United Nations World Water Development Report 4: Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk, UNESCO. Available online: http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0021\/002156\/215644e.pdf.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849773355"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.07.001","article-title":"Water scarcity: Fact or fiction?","volume":"80","author":"Rijsberman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. 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Here, orographic fog is a daily phenomenon occurring all the year round, representing a sustainable water source for improving farmers\u2019 resilience to dry spells and for promoting food security and sovereignty. With the present study, we aim at a first assessment of the potential of fog collection in the area by a 1-year experimental analysis made through 1-m2 fog collectors in 10 different locations. Starting from these data, we design under safe assumption (including a sensitivity analysis) a fog water irrigation system providing water for a standard theoretical field with four local crops (maize, green beans, potato, and tomato) in the dry season. The present paper represents the first study on fog collection in Bolivia, showing that, on annual basis, an average of 6.01 l\/m2\/d can be obtained from most productive areas, with peaks up to 8.93 l\/m2\/d. 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The device operates by combining fog droplet ionization in a high-voltage direct-current (HV DC) electrostatic field, thermoelectric cooling based on the Peltier effect, and mechanical deposition of droplets on electrode grids. This hybrid approach enables adaptive operation across a wide range of fog liquid water content (LWC) conditions. The work establishes operating parameters for stable electrostatic ionization and evaluates the contribution of thermoelectric cooling to additional water collection. The results indicate that an operating voltage of 13\u201314 kV provides a stable ionization over a broad LWC range. The average fog water harvesting rate reached 3.15 kg\/m\u00b2\/h, with a maximum observed value of 4.44 kg\/m\u00b2\/h. On average, 56% of the collected water was obtained through HV DC ionization, 25% through Peltier-based thermoelectric cooling, and 19% through mechanical deposition on electrode grids under high LWC conditions. The total electrical power consumption of the device did not exceed 38.3 Wh\/kg. The results demonstrate that a hybrid fog water harvesting strategy enables stable and efficient water collection under environmental conditions in which individual passive or active methods become ineffective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202602.1762.v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:08:33Z","timestamp":1772240913000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental Study of Electrostatic and Thermoelectric Hybrid Modes in Fog Water Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.20944","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egils","family":"Ginters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patriks Voldemars","family":"Ginters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:23:20Z","timestamp":1775694200000},"score":21.400642,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.preprints.org\/manuscript\/202602.1762\/v1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202602.1762.v1","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/sym18040577","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:02:47Z","timestamp":1775142167484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the development and experimental evaluation of HygroCatch, a portable hybrid fog water harvesting prototype that integrates active and passive collection mechanisms. The device operates by combining fog droplet ionization in a high-voltage direct-current (HV DC) electrostatic field, thermoelectric cooling based on the Peltier effect, and mechanical deposition of droplets on vertical rods of symmetrical triads of electrodes. This hybrid approach enables adaptive operation across a wide range of fog liquid water content (LWC) conditions. The work establishes operating parameters for stable electrostatic ionization and evaluates the contribution of thermoelectric cooling to additional water harvesting. The results indicate that an operating voltage of 13\u201314 kV provides a stable ionization over a broad LWC range. The average fog water harvesting rate reached 3.15 kg\/m2\/h, with a maximum observed value of 4.44 kg\/m2\/h. On average, 56% of the collected water was obtained through HV DC ionization, 25% through Peltier-based thermoelectric cooling, and 19% through mechanical deposition on electrode grids under high LWC conditions. The total electrical power consumption of the device did not exceed 38.3 Wh\/kg. The results demonstrate that a hybrid fog water harvesting strategy enables stable and efficient water collection under environmental conditions in which individual passive or active methods become ineffective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym18040577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:41:03Z","timestamp":1774878063000},"page":"577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental Study of Electrostatic and Thermoelectric Hybrid Modes in Fog Water Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egils","family":"Ginters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology Institute, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patriks Voldemars","family":"Ginters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga State Gymnasium No.1, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-025-00381-x","article-title":"Sustainable solutions for water scarcity: A review of electrostatic fog harvesting technology","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-009-8174-8","article-title":"Fog research in China: An overview","volume":"27","author":"Niu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Toth, G., Gultepe, I., Hansen, B., Milbrandt, J., Pearson, G., Fogarty, C., and Burrows, W. (2010). The Environment Canada Handbook on Fog and Fog Forecasting, Environment Canada, Meteorological Service of Canada. Available online: https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2011\/ec\/En56-231-2010-eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginters, E., and Ginters, P.V. (2025). Mathematical modelling of electrode geometries in electrostatic fog harvesters. Symmetry, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17091578"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Kuffel, E., Zaengl, W.S., and Kuffel, J. (2000). High Voltage Engineering: Fundamentals, Butterworth-Heinemann. 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Zenodo."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/18\/4\/577\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:20:13Z","timestamp":1775139613000},"score":21.39051,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/18\/4\/577"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["sym18040577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym18040577","ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:07:50Z","timestamp":1779271670097,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Edtech Publishers (OPC) Private Limited","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJSMT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The proposed Integrated Electrostatic Fog-Based Water Generation, Purification and Air Quality Enhancement System is an innovative environmental solution designed to address water scarcity and air pollution simultaneously. The system uses electrostatic technology to attract and collect tiny water droplets present in fog and humid air for freshwater generation. The collected water is then passed through multiple purification stages such as filtration and UV treatment to ensure safe and clean water output. In addition to water harvesting, the system improves surrounding air quality by removing dust particles, pollutants, and suspended impurities from the atmosphere during operation. The project is energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and suitable for rural, urban, and industrial applications where clean water and fresh air are essential. This integrated approach provides a sustainable solution for future environmental and public health challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55041\/ijsmt.v2i5.350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:35:01Z","timestamp":1779269701000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Electrostatic Fog-Based Water Generation, Purification, and Air Quality Enhancement System"],"prefix":"10.55041","volume":"02","author":[{"given":"Dr. Shamala","family":"N","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhusoodhan","family":"Malatesh Baraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"J S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyadarshini","family":"K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandan","family":"N M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33635","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Science, Strategic Management and Technology"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:35:03Z","timestamp":1779269703000},"score":21.339766,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijsmt.org\/article\/integrated-electrostatic-fog-based-water-generation-purification-and-air-quality-enhancement-system\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55041\/ijsmt.v2i5.350","ISSN":["3108-1762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3108-1762","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:40:53Z","timestamp":1789188053237,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52442507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52442507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Existing Janus fog harvesting technologies struggle to achieve efficient and continuous fog collection across various fog flow directions. In this work, we developed a Janus fog harvesting (JHL) system, characterized by a boundary-free Janus system formed by selective modification with octadecanethiol, creating a pair of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The system features a 3D origami macrostructure composed of scallop arrays and shaped like an improved trumpet flower. The wettability gradient Janus system enables rapid droplet capture and ultrafast absorption. The multiple parallel and dual-asymmetric 3D Kirigami superhydrophilic channels facilitate high-speed, directional, and long-range liquid transport. These mechanisms work seamlessly together to keep both the superhydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces dry at all times. As a result, our JHL achieves a fog harvesting efficiency as high as 0.83 g\u00b7cm\u20132\u00b7min\u20131, which is 3 times that of the original sample. Moreover, our improved trumpet-shaped 3D structure extends the Janus design concept from traditional membrane materials to spatial membrane configurations, making it suitable for omnidirectional fog harvesting in any fog flow environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c10459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T11:32:20Z","timestamp":1752147140000},"page":"42474-42485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Efficient Fog\nCollection Origami Janus Membrane\nfor Rapid Directional Water Transport and Omnidirectional Fog Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China, 430062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China, 430062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China, 430062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4438-3344","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, People\u2019s Republic of China, 430062"]},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026072521082885300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301048","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202301048","article-title":"Using Paper\nas a Biomimetic Fog Harvesting Material","volume":"11","author":"Breuer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv.\nMater. 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To accomplish this, relevant factors for fog harvesting were identified in the literature and then transformed into spatial data layers. Next, weights were assigned to criteria layers via the analytical hierarchy process method, ultimately creating a final suitability map through a weighted overlay of these criteria layers. The findings of this study indicated that regions near coastlines, with low temperatures and strong winds, elevations above 1000\u00a0m or below 200\u00a0m, and steep slopes facing the ocean are the most favourable locations for harvesting fog water. This approach could be replicated in other regions, but caution is necessary when determining criteria and thresholds because of the localised nature of fog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-025-01226-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T06:35:12Z","timestamp":1745044512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Suitable sites for fog water collection in Cape Town, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4783-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adedayo","family":"Adeleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandile","family":"Mnikathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swaqe.2015.01.002","volume":"6","author":"AF Batisha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Batisha AF (2015) Feasibility and sustainability of fog harvesting. 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