The historical approach to the Bible with explicit reference to the social sciences (including sociology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, economics, social psychology, and political science) became popular among biblical scholars and archaeologists during the 1970s, often induced by social turmoil in several countries. Any endeavour to reconstruct a societal development according to a sociological or anthropological model without using as much historical data as possible, be it from textual, iconographic, or archaeological sources, is very risky. Sociological models will never reach the degree of unambiguity that is a distinguishing feature of scientific models. Therefore, a model that is not permanently tested against data can be misleading. This chapter discusses the social history of ancient Israel, arguing for a careful balance between sociological theory and anthropological knowledge on the one hand, and exegetical and historical investigation on the other. It also examines social-historical perspectives on the early monarchy in Israel and Judah up to the ninth century, along with social-historical perspectives on problems associated with religion and politics during the period.<\/p>","DOI":"10.5871\/bacad\/9780197264010.003.0017","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T15:16:58Z","timestamp":1328887018000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social History of Ancient Israel"],"prefix":"10.5871","author":[{"given":"ALBERTZ","family":"RAINER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]]},"container-title":["Understanding the History of Ancient Israel"],"original-title":["Social History of Ancient Israel"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T16:40:20Z","timestamp":1659458420000},"score":19.33424,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/british-academy-scholarship-online\/book\/19619\/chapter\/178376126"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,25]]},"ISBN":["9780197264010","9780191734946"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5871\/bacad\/9780197264010.003.0017","published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,25]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T21:20:23Z","timestamp":1726435223814},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780198858997"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780191891618"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"abstract":"
Fifty papers, more than half dealing with philosophy at Rome, half a dozen classic pieces; all elegant, many diverting as well as instructive; and all eminently sane (a rare phenomenon). The drama takes place in Rome. The time, from the Gracchi to Marcus Aurelius. The protagonists, Cicero and Seneca, with Pliny as a The modern Western category of \u201cart,\u201d itself notoriously difficult to define, had no direct equivalent in ancient Egypt. The term is nevertheless used today as a convenient way to refer to visual material with perceived aesthetic content surviving from ancient Egypt. In the past, use of the term \u201cart\u201d sometimes proved problematic, since it led scholars to distinguish in the Egyptian material between art and craft, and between artists and craftsmen, according to Western categorization, a division that does not appear to have been similarly meaningful for ancient Egypt. Egyptian art was a product of high culture pertaining to the king, his officials, and their families, who together formed no more than 5 percent of the population. For men, literacy was the key to membership of this elite group. Women, who were mostly illiterate, gained membership through their family connections. Although some types of art, especially monumental architecture visible in the landscape, would have been familiar to the non-elite, most would have been inaccessible and probably irrelevant to them. There is little evidence of surviving art made by and for the general population, although there could have been traditions of art making in perishable materials, such as unbaked mud, that have disappeared from the record. Ancient Egyptian civilization lasted for more than three thousand years from the original unification of the state around 3000 bce until the conversion of Egypt to Christianity in the 3rd to 4th centuries ce. It is impossible in this article to provide a detailed and in-depth overview of the scholarship pertaining to the art of more than three millennia from the inception of Egyptology as an academic discipline in the 19th century until the present. This article, therefore, concentrates in the main on the research published in approximately the last thirty years. Bibliography found in these publications can be used to access earlier scholarship. It is also impossible to include publications of individual monuments, for the most part temples and tombs, but references to these will be found in many of the cited works. The article will be divided into five major themes: general overviews relating to culture and society, religion, and kingship; art and visual culture; methodological and theoretical approaches; major categories of art and architecture; and historical periods.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0142","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T14:16:22Z","timestamp":1635171382000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancient Egyptian Art"],"prefix":"10.1093","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"container-title":["Art History"],"original-title":["Ancient Egyptian Art"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T14:16:23Z","timestamp":1635171383000},"score":19.081612,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199920105\/obo-9780199920105-0142.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"ISBN":["9780199920105"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0142","published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T22:02:43Z","timestamp":1761343363078,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9780691236674"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/jj.21126151.3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T16:21:35Z","timestamp":1745338895000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Introduction:"],"prefix":"10.2307","member":"1121","container-title":["What Is Ancient History?"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T21:58:37Z","timestamp":1761343117000},"score":19.060974,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/jj.21126151.3"}},"subtitle":["THAT\u2019S ANCIENT HISTORY!"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"ISBN":["9780691236674"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/jj.21126151.3","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1515\/9780691236674-001","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T09:57:51Z","timestamp":1714730271468},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199920105","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":" The present article considers the visual material of the Jewish world from biblical times through the early Byzantine era in Palestine and the Diaspora that has been unearthed in archaeological excavations. It addresses art historical and visual cultural aspects of especially prominent monuments and artifacts. Historiographic interest in the subject can be traced back to the late 19th century, but it attracted real scholarly attention only at the turn of the 20th century, much later than the start of the art history field. The prevailing view of Jewish art at the time was essentially twofold: Jews were artless, and if art existed it was mostly aniconic. This perception changed with important disparate events and discoveries of Jewish monuments concomitantly with the firm establishment of the discipline: the discovery of synagogue remains in the Galilee; the Jewish catacombs in Rome (1918); Israelite palaces at Megiddo dating from the 8th and 9th centuries\u00a0bce (1920s\u20131930s); the synagogue mosaics at Na\u2019aran (1919) and at Beth Alpha (1928), both in Palestine; the ancient synagogue and its murals in Dura-Europos in Syria (1923\u20131933); and the necropolis at Beth She\u2019arim in Palestine (1936). These and many other archaeological sites and findings and the studies of Palestinian archaeologists such as Eleazar L. Sukenik, Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and Greece (1934), served to discredit the aniconic approach attributed to Jews and the notion of a nonexistent Jewish art. Jewish artistic creation was expressed primarily in synagogal and funereal architecture and related visual media, and to a lesser extent in civic architecture and its decoration. Although it always maintained its distinct character, Jewish art absorbed the influences of the surrounding cultures, especially during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The periodization utilized for this article does not necessarily match that of the neighboring cultures: the \u201cIsraelite\u201d or \u201cBiblical\u201d era, which ended with the Babylonian conquest and the destruction of the First Temple (967\u2013586\u00a0bce), where the archaeological findings are very sparse except for magical bowls; the Second Temple period (536\u00a0bce\u201363\u00a0ce) and the Hasmonean period (164\u00a0bce\u201363\u00a0bce), when the finds multiply, showing a distinct aniconism but no evidence of figural arts; the Roman period (63\u00a0bce\u2013324) when Jewish art reflects an interest in Roman visual aesthetics but not in its iconography; and the early Byzantine period (324\u2013615), which attests to a return to figural presentation. Unless otherwise indicated, all dates refer to\u00a0ce.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0116","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T05:36:49Z","timestamp":1501133809000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Jewish Art, Ancient"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mati","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"container-title":["Art History"],"original-title":["Jewish Art, Ancient"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T19:24:39Z","timestamp":1632425079000},"score":18.73758,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199920105\/obo-9780199920105-0116.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"ISBN":["9780199920105"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0116","published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T10:43:44Z","timestamp":1694601824833},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"I.B.Tauris","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781845119577","type":"print"},{"value":"9780755697465","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.5040\/9780755697465.ch-005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1590418151000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Writing Ancient History"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["Writing Ancient History"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T04:33:38Z","timestamp":1694493218000},"score":18.616194,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/monograph-detail?docid=b-9780755697465&tocid=b-9780755697465-chapter5"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"ISBN":["9781845119577","9780755697465"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9780755697465.ch-005","published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T20:00:20Z","timestamp":1714334420395},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781405131506","type":"print"},{"value":"9781444308372","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/9781444308372.ch8","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]],"date-time":"2009-04-07T11:47:15Z","timestamp":1239104835000},"page":"77-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancient History through Ancient Literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Whitmarsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]]},"container-title":["A Companion to Ancient History"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/9781444308372.ch8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T09:16:40Z","timestamp":1692955000000},"score":18.601736,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9781444308372.ch8"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]]},"ISBN":["9781405131506","9781444308372"],"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/9781444308372.ch8","10.1002\/9781444308372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444308372.ch8","archive":["Portico"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T21:53:44Z","timestamp":1772229224764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780691236674","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.1515\/9780691236674-001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T02:24:59Z","timestamp":1739845499000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Introduction: That\u2019s Ancient History!"],"prefix":"10.1515","member":"374","container-title":["What Is Ancient History?"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9780691236674-001\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9780691236674-001\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T01:42:35Z","timestamp":1742866955000},"score":18.568428,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9780691236674-001\/html"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"ISBN":["9780691236674"],"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["10.1515\/9780691236674-001","10.1515\/9780691236674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9780691236674-001","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/jj.21126151.3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T13:40:04Z","timestamp":1748007604433,"version":"3.41.0"},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Lexington Books","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781978725904","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9781498521468","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781978725904.ch-002","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T12:14:32Z","timestamp":1748002472000},"page":"45-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Negotiating The Past, Reinterpreting Ancient History"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["Reconstructing Ancient Korean History"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T12:59:11Z","timestamp":1748005151000},"score":18.497486,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/monograph-detail?docid=b-9781978725904&tocid=b-9781978725904-chapter2"}},"subtitle":["Legitimacy in the Lineage of Ancient Korean History"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9781978725904","9781498521468"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781978725904.ch-002","published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T04:11:25Z","timestamp":1690776685545},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of California Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780520313552","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0520313550","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9780520309111","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/jj.5233072.4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T14:14:55Z","timestamp":1690726495000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Scope of Ancient History"],"prefix":"10.2307","member":"1121","container-title":["Introduction to Ancient History"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T20:19:19Z","timestamp":1690748359000},"score":18.434212,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/jj.5233072.4"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"ISBN":["9780520313552","0520313550","9780520309111"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/jj.5233072.4","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1714730217141},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199920105","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":" The Ancient Pueblo (aka, \u201cAnasazi\u201d) tradition ranged between c.\u00a0500\u00a0bce and 1600\u00a0ce in the American Southwest. Although the tradition is identified primarily through archaeological research, it is widely seen as the primary ancestral tradition to the historic and modern Puebloan communities in New Mexico, Arizona, and the surrounding region. Indeed, a significant degree of direct cultural continuity has been established between the late prehistoric phases, commencing after c.\u00a01300\u00a0ce, and historic Pueblo communities along the northern Rio Grande area and the Hopi mesas of northeastern Arizona. The demarcation between ancient and historic contexts is determined by the effects of the earliest Spanish colonization in the early 1600s in northern New Mexico. The Ancient Puebloan culture is considered the largest and longest-lived of several ancient cultures that coexisted in the Greater Southwest prior to 1600. Archaeologically, Ancient Pueblo culture traditionally is divided into an early \u201cBasketmaker\u201d period (c.\u00a0500\u00a0bce\u2013500\u00a0ce) and a later Pueblo period (c.\u00a0500\u00a0ce\u201316\u00a0ce). Art historical scholarship on Ancient Puebloan art and architecture is relatively young and is dominated by anthropological and archaeological methods and theory (see the Oxford Bibliographies article \u201cNative North American Art, Pre-Contact\u201d). The earliest publications date to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Though primarily archaeological in nature, many of these early reports are still valuable to art historians for establishing context and providing original descriptions and early photographs and illustrations. Not until the 1970s did distinct bodies of scholarship on Ancient Puebloan art begin to emerge from a generation of academic art historians, such as J.\u00a0J. Brody of the University of New Mexico, including scholarship dedicated to related Mimbres pottery. Theoretical approaches to Ancient Pueblo art and architecture by archaeologists and art historians have varied considerably over the past 150 years. Until the mid-twentieth century, Ancient Pueblo art works were typically treated as archaeological artifacts often stored in ethnological collections; rock art was commonly dismissed as art altogether, primarily because of difficulty in dating and assigning cultural affinity. Not until the 1940s did the truly artistic merits of Native American art begin to be acknowledged, despite the fact that architecture and pottery composed the primary lines of evidence for Alfred Kidder\u2019s groundbreaking An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology (Kidder 1962, cited under Archaeological Studies). Stephen Plog\u2019s Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest (Plog 2008, cited under Archaeological Studies), and Stephen H. Lekson\u2019s A History of the Ancient Southwest (Lekson 2009, cited under Anthropological Overviews) provide overviews of the evolution of archaeological theory in their relative introductions. J.\u00a0J. Brody\u2019s Anasazi and Pueblo Painting (Brody 1991, cited under Media Studies: Painting) provides an extended discussion of the history of Puebloan art historical theory and scholarship as well the relationship of art history to archaeology in the introduction. Polly Schaafsma\u2019s article \u201cForm, Content, and Function: Theory and Method in North American Rock Studies (Schaafsma 1985, cited under Rock Art: Thematic Studies) provides a review and critical discussion on theories and methods specific to rock art studies. A note on terminology: the term \u201cAnasazi\u201d (literally, \u201cancient enemy\u201d) comes from the Navajo language, of a completely different culture from that of the Pueblos, and has rather derogatory, racially offensive connotations. Since the 1990s, many Puebloan communities have pushed to replace its usage officially with the more politically acceptable term \u201cAncient Pueblo\u201d (or \u201cPuebloan\u201d). In this article, the term \u201cAncient Puebloan\u201d is used as frequently as possible. However, because the term \u201cAnasazi\u201d remains so widespread in the relevant scholarship, its usage is retained herein if the original source uses that term.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0084","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T07:27:13Z","timestamp":1464679633000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) Art"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Farmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"container-title":["Art History"],"original-title":["Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) Art"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T06:22:16Z","timestamp":1679293336000},"score":18.369894,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780199920105\/obo-9780199920105-0084.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"ISBN":["9780199920105"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199920105-0084","published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T10:29:21Z","timestamp":1750933761585},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781108620420","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9781108427395","type":"print"},{"value":"9781108446143","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/9781108620420.003","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:05:48Z","timestamp":1692749148000},"page":"3-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The History of Ancient Christian History"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"David E.","family":"Wilhite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","container-title":["The Cambridge History of Ancient Christianity"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:05:57Z","timestamp":1692749157000},"score":18.363735,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/9781108620420%23CN-bp-1\/type\/book_part"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"ISBN":["9781108620420","9781108427395","9781108446143"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108620420.003","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T17:37:03Z","timestamp":1732037823104},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]]},"abstract":" In this chapter, Vlassopoulos explores how Marxist historiographies can be turned to productive use by contemporary historians. He argues that Marxist approaches bring four major elements that are particularly relevant for ancient history: history from below, a focus on large-scale historical change, a holistic approach to history, and metanarratives. Marxism was one of the major currents that brought history from below into ancient history, through a focus on slaves, women, and other subaltern groups. Much of this work, though, has focused on subaltern groups as passive objects of exploitation and domination and has taken the form of synchronic structural analysis, divorced from histoire \u00e9v\u00e9nementielle. 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