This chapter investigates the features of monopolistic competition, and the implications of this market structure for customers and firms. It describes the short-run price and output decisions of a monopolistically competitive firm and the efficiency of monopolistic competition using diagrams. Then, it examines the non-price competition which are experienced in many markets. The chapter introduces Porter's five forces analysis and shows how firms try to influence these forces. Finally, the meaning and significance of contestable markets are tackled.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hebz\/9780198806523.003.0016","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T21:34:25Z","timestamp":1694727265000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monopolistic competition and non-price competition"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"container-title":["Foundations of Economics"],"original-title":["Monopolistic competition and non-price competition"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordbusinesstrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/hebz\/9780198806523.001.0001\/isbn-9780198806523-book-part-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T10:53:45Z","timestamp":1707130425000},"score":12.548227,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordbusinesstrove.com\/view\/10.1093\/hebz\/9780198806523.001.0001\/isbn-9780198806523-book-part-16"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"ISBN":["9780198806523"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hebz\/9780198806523.003.0016","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T13:40:04Z","timestamp":1749130804315,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780198836322"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780191895012"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"abstract":"
This chapter provides an overview of competition law and its economic context. Section 2 describes the practices that competition laws attempt to control in order to protect the competition process. Section 3 examines the theory of competition and gives an introductory account of why the effective enforcement of competition law is thought to be beneficial. Section 4 considers the goals of competition law. Section 5 introduces two key economic concepts, market definition and market power, that are important to a better understanding of competition policy. The chapter concludes with a table of market share figures that are significant in the application of EU and UK competition law, while reminding the reader that market shares are only ever a proxy for market power and can never be determinative of market power in themselves.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/he\/9780198836322.003.0001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T09:45:44Z","timestamp":1630489544000},"page":"1-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["1. Competition policy and economics"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Whish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"container-title":["Competition Law"],"original-title":["1. Competition policy and economics"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198836322.001.0001\/he-9780198836322-chapter-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1749128529000},"score":12.484298,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198836322.001.0001\/he-9780198836322-chapter-1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"ISBN":["9780198836322","9780191895012"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/he\/9780198836322.003.0001","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1750997102519,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780198906032"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780198906063"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"
This chapter provides an overview of competition policy, competition law and its economic context. Section 2 describes the practices that competition laws attempt to control in order to protect the competition process. Section 3 examines the theory of competition and gives an introductory account of why the effective enforcement of competition law is thought to be beneficial. Section 4 considers the goals of competition law. Section 5 introduces two key economic concepts, market definition and market power, that are important to a better understanding of competition policy. The chapter concludes with a table of market share figures that are significant in the application of EU and UK competition law, while reminding the reader that market shares are only ever a proxy for market power and can never be determinative of market power in themselves.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.003.0001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T08:26:06Z","timestamp":1725956766000},"page":"1-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["1. Competition policy and economics"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Whish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"container-title":["Competition Law"],"original-title":["1. Competition policy and economics"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.001.0001\/he-9780198906032-chapter-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T08:45:56Z","timestamp":1750927556000},"score":12.481712,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.001.0001\/he-9780198906032-chapter-1"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/58228\/chapter\/483476461","label":"SECONDARY_X"}]},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"ISBN":["9780198906032","9780198906063"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.003.0001","published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:29:08Z","timestamp":1772242148655,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780691171791","type":"print"},{"value":"9781400880904","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"abstract":"
This chapter examines the competition policy practice in different jurisdictions, focusing on the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of emerging and developing economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, and southern Mediterranean countries). It begins with a discussion of the concerns of the competition authorities in the European Union and the United Kingdom about the banking sector and proceeds by considering practice in the main competition policy areas that have been active in banking: mergers, cartels and restrictive agreements, and state aid. Among other issues, it reviews the tensions between the prudential and the competition authorities, the recent cases of international cartels on Libor and foreign exchange market, and some landmark cases in the European Union. It also looks at consumer protection, with a new impulse from behavioral ideas, and the convergence in aims between consumer protection and competition policies.<\/p>","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T04:31:10Z","timestamp":1516768270000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Overview of Competition Policy Practice"],"prefix":"10.23943","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"10341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"container-title":["Competition and Stability in Banking"],"original-title":["An Overview of Competition Policy Practice"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T10:49:20Z","timestamp":1659005360000},"score":12.481407,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/princeton-scholarship-online\/book\/30665\/chapter\/260187186"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"ISBN":["9780691171791","9781400880904"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0006","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/j.ctt1q1xs80.11","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T08:17:19Z","timestamp":1648973839002},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Stanford University Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvqsdzjf.11","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T17:19:20Z","timestamp":1571851160000},"page":"115-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Competition and Development:"],"prefix":"10.2307","author":[{"given":"Abel","family":"Mateus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1121","container-title":["Competition Law and Development"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T10:57:40Z","timestamp":1572001060000},"score":12.433333,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/j.ctvqsdzjf.11"}},"subtitle":["What Competition Law Regime?"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctvqsdzjf.11","published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T04:28:44Z","timestamp":1715488124435},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780198727477","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191793622","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"abstract":"
European competition law is the other central player in the competition law world, so an entire chapter is devoted to understanding how it works and how to deal with it. Virtually all firms operating beyond their own national boundaries need to pay attention to it, many regimes use it as a model and reference point, and its institutions have broad and often deep influence on many others. Some aspects of the substantive law are similar to US antitrust, but the similarities are sometimes misleading. For example, EU law uses economic analysis in ways that often differ from how it is used in the US. Procedural and institutional arrangements are often complicated. They represent multiple voices, as national and EU institutions function together to create, apply, and enforce competition law. The chapter reveals how this system functions and what factors guide decisions in it. It looks, in particular, at the institutional arrangements between the EU and its member states, including the role of the European Competition Network.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198727477.003.0009","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T03:53:35Z","timestamp":1603338815000},"page":"103-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Competition Law in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"container-title":["Competition Law and Antitrust"],"original-title":["Competition Law in Europe"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T19:17:42Z","timestamp":1659467862000},"score":12.422554,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/33439\/chapter\/287701387"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"ISBN":["9780198727477","9780191793622"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198727477.003.0009","published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:02:09Z","timestamp":1764169329559,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Edward Elgar Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9781847201867"},{"type":"print","value":"9781845427016"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"DOI":"10.4337\/9781847201867.00010","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T07:58:12Z","timestamp":1432108692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strategic Competition Policy: A Comment on EU Competition Policy"],"prefix":"10.4337","author":[{"given":"Wulf-Henning","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"2918","container-title":["The Evolution of European Competition Law"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/china.elgaronline.com\/view\/9781845427016.00010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/china.elgaronline.com\/view\/9781845427016.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:56:29Z","timestamp":1764168989000},"score":12.412353,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elgaronline.com\/view\/9781845427016.00010.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"ISBN":["9781847201867","9781845427016"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/9781847201867.00010","published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T09:57:00Z","timestamp":1717754220695},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780192898012","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191924460","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"abstract":"
This chapter explores current ambivalences towards using competition between students as a means to intensify learning. The analysis builds on a case study from a Danish school where games are used to motivate second graders to maximize their learning. The current learning paradigm views the intensity of competition as desirable for motivational purposes. At the same time, the downsides of competition are seemingly avoided because there is no scarcity of prizes and therefore no losers. It becomes an open question whether game-playing is in fact competition or not. Individual students must therefore decide themselves whether competing is the most effective way of sustaining their learning. The analysis concludes that current ambivalences towards competition do not primarily stem from a care for cooperation and community but from a care for the individual\u2019s maximized learning. Theoretically, the chapter introduces the notion of side-glance to understand competition as a form of observation.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192898012.003.0010","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T12:53:34Z","timestamp":1626872014000},"page":"162-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The organization of competition and non-competition in schools"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"container-title":["Competition"],"original-title":["The organization of competition and non-competition in schools"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T20:49:52Z","timestamp":1659473392000},"score":12.401862,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/39994\/chapter\/340319466"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"ISBN":["9780192898012","9780191924460"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780192898012.003.0010","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1750997102509,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780198906032"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780198906063"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"
This chapter describes the substantive provisions of the Competition Act 1998 in the UK. The foci of attention in this chapter are the \u2018Chapter I prohibition\u2019, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements, and the \u2018Chapter II prohibition\u2019, which prohibits the abuse of a dominant position. The Chapter I and II prohibitions are closely modelled upon Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, although they are by no means identical in every respect. Section 2 provides an overview of the Competition Act. Sections 3 and 4 consider the decisional practice and case-law under the Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions. Section 5 discusses the duty in section 60A of the Competition Act, which sets out certain relevant principles when applying the Competition Act. Section 6 contains a table of Competition Act decisions since the tenth edition of the book in January 2021, and discusses the Competition Act in practice.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.003.0009","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T08:28:07Z","timestamp":1725956887000},"page":"370-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["9. Competition Act 1998: substantive provisions"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Whish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"container-title":["Competition Law"],"original-title":["9. Competition Act 1998: substantive provisions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.001.0001\/he-9780198906032-chapter-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T08:46:04Z","timestamp":1750927564000},"score":12.387988,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordlawtrove.com\/display\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.001.0001\/he-9780198906032-chapter-9"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/58228\/chapter\/483483056","label":"SECONDARY_X"}]},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"ISBN":["9780198906032","9780198906063"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/he\/9780198906032.003.0009","published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T04:05:36Z","timestamp":1648526736797},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Hart Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781474201803.part-002","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T00:02:00Z","timestamp":1416873720000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Between Competition, Regulation and other Public Policies"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["European Competition Law Annual 2012 : Competition, Regulation and Public Policies"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T23:09:26Z","timestamp":1590102566000},"score":12.386078,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/book\/european-competition-law-annual-2012-competition-regulation-and-public-policies\/ptpanel-ii-between-competition-regulation-and-other-public-policies"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781474201803.part-002"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:40:54Z","timestamp":1750308054762,"version":"3.41.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5289167","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:21:32Z","timestamp":1750260092000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic harms: future competition -through the lenses of potential competition and nascent competition"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Niousha","family":"Nademi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:21:32Z","timestamp":1750260092000},"score":12.35604,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=5289167"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.5289167","published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T13:40:02Z","timestamp":1749130802443,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780198836322"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780191895012"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"abstract":"
This chapter describes the substantive provisions of the Competition Act 1998 in the UK. The focus of attention in this chapter is the \u2018Chapter I prohibition\u2019, which prohibits anti-competitive agreements, and the \u2018Chapter II prohibition\u2019, which prohibits the abuse of a dominant position. The Chapter I and II prohibitions are closely modelled upon Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, although they are by no means identical in every respect. Following an overview of the Competition Act, and the changes introduced as a result of Brexit, it considers in turn the decisional practice and case-law under the Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions. It then discusses the duty in section 60A of the Competition Act that sets out the principles to be applied in determining questions that arise in relation to competition within the UK with effect from 1 January 2021. The chapter also contains a table of all the decisions under the Competition Act to have been published on the website of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) since the ninth edition of the book in December 2017.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/he\/9780198836322.003.0009","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T09:49:05Z","timestamp":1630489745000},"page":"349-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["9. Competition Act 1998: substantive provisions"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Whish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"container-title":["Competition Law"],"original-title":["9. 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Market"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/china.elgaronline.com\/view\/9781781003374.00010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/china.elgaronline.com\/view\/9781781003374.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T16:35:05Z","timestamp":1764088505000},"score":12.330138,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elgaronline.com\/view\/9781781003374.00010.xml"}},"subtitle":["Comparing Models for Corporate Law, Securities Law and Competition Law"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]]},"ISBN":["9781781003381","9781781003374"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/9781781003381.00010","published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T09:20:55Z","timestamp":1694510455582},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Hart 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This chapter identifies factors that shape all competition law regimes. These \u201cshaping factors\u201d serve as guideposts that highlight relevant information about a regime (\u201chere\u2019s where to look\u201d) and point to the most valuable questions to ask for understanding it. These include, for example: size, openness, and technological capacity of the economy; political and bureaucratic contexts of competition law; importance of the \u201crule of law\u201d; and ideologies, culture, and religion, and global role of the state. A particularly influential shaping factor can create similarities among competition law regimes that are otherwise difficult to recognize. Three examples show the value of identifying such factors: East Asia (bureaucratic centralism), Latin America (embedded social stratification), and developing countries (recent colonialism). Recognizing these factors and their influence can be of great value in looking at any regime! The objective is to penetrate the details, make sense of them, and guide entry into and through them.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198727477.003.0010","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T03:42:04Z","timestamp":1603338124000},"page":"115-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Other Competition Laws: Shaping Factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"container-title":["Competition Law and Antitrust"],"original-title":["Other Competition Laws: Shaping Factors"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T19:17:43Z","timestamp":1659467863000},"score":12.285771,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/33439\/chapter\/287701588"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"ISBN":["9780198727477","9780191793622"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198727477.003.0010","published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:29:08Z","timestamp":1772242148198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780691171791","type":"print"},{"value":"9781400880904","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"abstract":"
This chapter presents the core analysis of competition in the banking sector based on the industrial organization (IO) approach. It examines both theoretical and empirical aspects as well as at the special problems in analyzing the sector. This includes studying pricing, product differentiation, frictions, network externalities and two-sided markets, market structure, and mergers. The validity of the Structure\u2013Conduct\u2013Performance paradigm for banking is tested and the contributions of the new empirical IO is explained. The effects of asymmetric information and deregulation are also discussed. The chapter concludes with an assessment of behavioral biases of consumers and investors, along with their effects on the strategies of banks, competition, and welfare.<\/p>","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0004","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T04:31:09Z","timestamp":1516768269000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Analysis of Competition in Banking: Theory and Empirics"],"prefix":"10.23943","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"10341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"container-title":["Competition and Stability in Banking"],"original-title":["The Analysis of Competition in Banking: Theory and Empirics"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T10:49:19Z","timestamp":1659005359000},"score":12.283903,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/princeton-scholarship-online\/book\/30665\/chapter\/260186236"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"ISBN":["9780691171791","9781400880904"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0004","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/j.ctt1q1xs80.9","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T02:12:04Z","timestamp":1648692724128},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Hart Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781782257813.pt-002","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T14:44:42Z","timestamp":1601304282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Legitimate Enforcement of Competition Law"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["European Competition Law Annual 2013"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T14:44:59Z","timestamp":1601304299000},"score":12.273089,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/book\/european-competition-law-annual-2013-effective-and-legitimate-enforcement-of-competition-law\/ptii-legitimate-enforcement-of-competition-law"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781782257813.pt-002","published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:29:08Z","timestamp":1772242148671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780691171791","type":"print"},{"value":"9781400880904","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"abstract":"
This chapter examines the relationship between competition and stability in the banking sector both from a theoretical and from an empirical perspective. It considers the competition\u2013stability link from the standpoint of fragility both because of runs and because of excessive risk taking, along with the available evidence assessing how competition relates to systemic risk and how deregulation is associated with risk taking. It also explores the connection between market structure, consolidation, and internationalization and how it affects stability. Lessons from the subprime crisis are derived. The result of the analysis is to characterize the competition\u2013stability trade-off, how regulation can alleviate it, and the need to coordinate competition policy and prudential regulation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the regulatory reform process in the banking industry after the 2007\u20132009 crisis.<\/p>","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T04:31:10Z","timestamp":1516768270000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Competition, Regulation, and Stability in Banking: Theory and Evidence"],"prefix":"10.23943","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Vives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"10341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"container-title":["Competition and Stability in Banking"],"original-title":["Competition, Regulation, and Stability in Banking: Theory and Evidence"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T10:49:19Z","timestamp":1659005359000},"score":12.25481,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/princeton-scholarship-online\/book\/30665\/chapter\/260186656"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"ISBN":["9780691171791","9781400880904"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23943\/princeton\/9780691171791.003.0005","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2307\/j.ctt1q1xs80.10","asserted-by":"object"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]}}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":"Competition"}}}