{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":141251,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T22:43:12Z","timestamp":1650062592032},"publisher-location":"Portland, Or","reference-count":0,"publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Portland Service Center","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971]]},"DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.154500","type":"monograph","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,18]],"date-time":"2018-11-18T06:02:01Z","timestamp":1542520921000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mining costs : related costs, construction costs, equipment costs"],"prefix":"10.5962","author":[{"name":"United States.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"33859","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T22:09:44Z","timestamp":1650060584000},"score":13.629252,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/bibliography\/154500"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1971]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5962\/bhl.title.154500","published":{"date-parts":[[1971]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T03:19:42Z","timestamp":1770088782468,"version":"3.49.0"},"edition-number":"4","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"0192869086","type":"print"},{"value":"9780192869081","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191982798","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This chapter explores non-party costs orders and wasted costs. Non-party costs orders are orders against persons who are not parties to the litigation, but are in some way connected to it. An archetypal example is where an order is made against a litigation funder or non-party director who has used a company (a party) for their own purposes. The modern-day power to make a non-party costs order arises out of s 51 of the Senior Courts Act 1981 (as amended) (SCA 1981). The chapter then looks at the taxonomy of non-party costs orders known as the Symphony Group categorisation. Wasted costs, on the other hand, are costs that are ordered against a legal representative (or, where costs would otherwise be payable, where they are disallowed). It is a jurisdiction that arises where a legal representative has been acting in that capacity and where there has been an improper, unreasonable, or negligent act or omission on the part of that person or their employee. The jurisdiction to make a wasted costs order has its origins in the court\u2019s role in supervising officers of the court, but it now arises from SCA 1981, s 51(6) and (7) (as amended).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0009","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T10:15:06Z","timestamp":1752142506000},"page":"299-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orders for Costs (Non-Party Costs Orders and Wasted Costs)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Friston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["Friston on Costs"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/chapter-pdf\/63715439\/law-9780192869081-chapter-9.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:39:35Z","timestamp":1770039575000},"score":12.925211,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/60641\/chapter\/525212359"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"ISBN":["0192869086","9780192869081","9780191982798"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0009","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:42:45Z","timestamp":1770086565048,"version":"3.49.0"},"edition-number":"4","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"0192869086","type":"print"},{"value":"9780192869081","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191982798","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This chapter highlights the language of fixed costs and predictable costs, as well as the contracting out of fixed costs. It mentions fixed costs that are governed by Part 45, Sections I\u2013III, IIIA and IV\u2013VII of the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR). It also deals with the rules that govern costs on the small claims track. The chapter talks about how the CPR define fixed costs as those costs the amounts of which are fixed by rules of court, whether or not the court has a discretion to allow some other or no amount. It recognizes the possibility to contract out of paying fixed costs either in the sense of not paying costs at all or in the sense of paying costs on conventional principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0050","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T10:15:06Z","timestamp":1752142506000},"page":"1601-1708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fixed Costs, Costs on the Small Claims Track and Fast-Track Costs"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Friston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["Friston on Costs"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/chapter-pdf\/63715612\/law-9780192869081-chapter-50.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:39:42Z","timestamp":1770039582000},"score":12.825621,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/60641\/chapter\/525243316"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"ISBN":["0192869086","9780192869081","9780191982798"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0050","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:43:26Z","timestamp":1770086606000,"version":"3.49.0"},"edition-number":"4","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"0192869086","type":"print"},{"value":"9780192869081","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191982798","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This chapter highlights costs-only proceedings, which are governed by Civil Procedure Rules (CPR), r 46.14, and Practice Direction (PD) 46, para 9. Costs-only proceedings are a mechanism by which parties may obtain an order for costs to be assessed without the need to issue proceedings in the substantive claim. The procedure allows the recovery of those costs that would have been recoverable in the proceedings, had they been issued. With certain exceptions relating to small claims, the costs-only procedure applies where\u2014in the absence of proceedings having already been commenced\u2014the parties have reached a written agreement on all issues (including which party is to pay the costs), but have failed to agree the amount of those costs. Where these conditions are met, the use of the costs-only procedure is the only procedure that may be used to bring the matter before the court for an assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0011","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T10:15:06Z","timestamp":1752142506000},"page":"372-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orders for Costs (Costs-Only Proceedings)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Friston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["Friston on Costs"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/chapter-pdf\/63715451\/law-9780192869081-chapter-11.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:39:35Z","timestamp":1770039575000},"score":12.607252,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/60641\/chapter\/525214242"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"ISBN":["0192869086","9780192869081","9780191982798"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0011","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:19:24Z","timestamp":1740547164966,"version":"3.38.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5153238","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1740476356000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rehabilitation Costs Paid by Mining Enterprises in Turkey: Comparison of Rehabilitation Costs with Their Shares in Mining Operation Costs and Other Environmental Costs"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Ta\u015fk\u0131n  Deniz","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1740476356000},"score":12.5375185,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=5153238"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.5153238","published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:17:48Z","timestamp":1770085068526,"version":"3.49.0"},"edition-number":"4","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"0192869086","type":"print"},{"value":"9780192869081","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191982798","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This chapter describes qualified one-way costs shifting (QOCS), which is intended to lessen the impact of the abrogation of the recoverability of after-the-event (ATE) insurance premiums. It is governed by the Civil Procedures Rules (CPR) and applies only to personal injury claims and fatal accident claims (including clinical negligence claims). It is a means by which claimants who bring such claims are afforded a degree of protection from having to pay costs, that protection arising out of a qualified bar against enforcement of any costs order that may be made against them. Generally speaking, defendants\u2019 costs may be enforced up to an amount equivalent to the aggregate of court orders for damages and interest in favour of the claimant. The phrase \u2018costs neutral\u2019 is used to describe the intended effect of QOCS, namely, that a claimant who brings a personal injuries claim will not be left out of pocket as a result of having done so.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0008","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T10:15:06Z","timestamp":1752142506000},"page":"277-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orders for Costs (Qualified One-Way Costs Shifting)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Friston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["Friston on Costs"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/chapter-pdf\/63715437\/law-9780192869081-chapter-8.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:39:35Z","timestamp":1770039575000},"score":12.444932,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oxford-law-pro\/book\/60641\/chapter\/525211850"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"ISBN":["0192869086","9780192869081","9780191982798"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/law\/9780192869081.003.0008","published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T15:12:50Z","timestamp":1694531570074},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bloomsbury Professional","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781526512048","type":"print"},{"value":"9781526512062","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9781526512055","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9781526512031","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781526512031.chapter-009","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T18:56:20Z","timestamp":1590432980000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Costs of Enforcing Orders and Enforcement of Costs Orders"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["Costs in Family Proceedings"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T23:36:21Z","timestamp":1694475381000},"score":12.405626,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/monograph-detail?docid=b-9781526512031&tocid=b-9781526512031-chapter9"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9781526512048","9781526512062","9781526512055","9781526512031"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781526512031.chapter-009","published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:02:23Z","timestamp":1760486543381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University PressOxford","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780199244256"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781383038033"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Security against costs can be regarded as a provisional form of protection in favour of defendants. Thus a civil claim cannot be declared bad until it has been either dismissed by the court or judgment has been entered in favour of the defendant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199244256.003.0037","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T03:19:04Z","timestamp":1699240744000},"page":"861-895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Special Costs Orders: Security For Costs, Non-Party Costs Orders, And Wasted Costs"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["English Civil Procedure"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/chapter-pdf\/52622732\/isbn-9780199244256-book-part-37.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T23:13:33Z","timestamp":1760397213000},"score":12.373604,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/50491\/chapter\/422803892"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,26]]},"ISBN":["9780199244256","9781383038033"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780199244256.003.0037","published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T16:38:06Z","timestamp":1648831086498},"description":"Real average transport costs","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development  (OECD)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.1787\/255281036337","type":"component","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T13:40:01Z","timestamp":1222782001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Figure 6.3. Real average transport costs"],"prefix":"10.1787","member":"1963","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T22:02:03Z","timestamp":1630706523000},"score":12.31007,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/statlinks.oecdcode.org\/122008011P1G027.XLS"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/255281036337"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T18:06:59Z","timestamp":1648663619811},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development  (OECD)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.1787\/888932350353","type":"component","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]],"date-time":"2010-11-10T11:01:20Z","timestamp":1289386880000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Figure 5.4. Logistics costs in Indonesia (percentage of production costs)"],"prefix":"10.1787","member":"1963","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T22:14:12Z","timestamp":1630707252000},"score":12.289222,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/statlinks.oecdcode.org\/412010051P1G044.xls"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/888932350353"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:44:30Z","timestamp":1773751470466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ww\/9780199540884.013.33043","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T11:04:16Z","timestamp":1520247856000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rogers, Peter Richard, (born 2 April 1939), Master of Costs Office (Costs Judge) (formerly Taxing Master), Supreme Court, 1992\u20132009; Deputy Costs Judge, 2009\u201313"],"prefix":"10.1093","member":"286","container-title":["Who's Who"],"original-title":["Rogers, Peter Richard, (born 2 April 1939), Master of Costs Office (Costs Judge) (formerly Taxing Master), Supreme Court, 1992\u20132009; Deputy Costs Judge, 2009\u201313"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T11:31:14Z","timestamp":1773747074000},"score":12.277566,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ukwhoswho.com\/view\/10.1093\/ww\/9780199540884.001.0001\/ww-9780199540884-e-33043"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ww\/9780199540884.013.33043","published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:17:19Z","timestamp":1773757039617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ww\/9780199540884.013.34247","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,30]],"date-time":"2017-11-30T19:41:32Z","timestamp":1512070892000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seager Berry, Thomas Henry Seager, (born 29 Jan. 1940), Deputy Costs Judge, 2005\u201308; 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