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is an emerging epidemic that disproportionately impacts Hispanic populations. We aimed to develop a metabolite-based prediction model for prediabetes in young people with overweight\/obesity at risk for type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In independent, prospective cohorts of Hispanic youth (discovery; n = 143 without baseline prediabetes) and predominately Hispanic young adults (validation; n = 56 without baseline prediabetes), we assessed prediabetes via 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests. Baseline metabolite levels were measured in plasma from a 2-h postglucose challenge. In the discovery cohort, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with a stability selection procedure was used to identify robust predictive metabolites for prediabetes. Predictive performance was evaluated in the discovery and validation cohorts using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two metabolites (allylphenol sulfate and caprylic acid) were found to predict prediabetes beyond known risk factors, including sex, BMI, age, ethnicity, fasting\/2-h glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. In the discovery cohort, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the model with metabolites and known risk factors was 0.80 (95% CI 0.72\u20130.87), which was higher than the risk factor-only model (AUC 0.63 [0.53\u20130.73]; P = 0.001). When the predictive models developed in the discovery cohort were applied to the replication cohort, the model with metabolites and risk factors predicted prediabetes more accurately (AUC 0.70 [95% CI 40.55\u20130.86]) than the same model without metabolites (AUC 0.62 [0.46\u20130.79]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolite profiles may help improve prediabetes prediction compared with traditional risk factors. Findings suggest that medium-chain fatty acids and phytochemicals are early indicators of prediabetes in high-risk youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T13:04:13Z","timestamp":1700139853000},"page":"151-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Postprandial Metabolite Profiles and Risk of Prediabetes in Young People: A Longitudinal Multicohort Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6615-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse A.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Hongxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Douglas I.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}]},{"given":"Xiangping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}]},{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damaskini","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittney O.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Kiros","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY"}]},{"given":"Frank D.","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"8Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Dean P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}]},{"given":"David V.","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Chatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122019553005500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S284401","article-title":"Prediabetes in adolescents: prevalence, management and diabetes prevention strategies","volume":"14","author":"Esquivel Zuniga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"2023122019553005500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30235-9","article-title":"Trajectories of changes in 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preconception and gestational periods with outcomes including term birthweight, birthweight Z-score, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA). Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate 3-month preconception and trimester-averaged air pollution exposure associations; and distributed lag models (DLM) were used to identify critical exposure windows at the weekly resolution from preconception to delivery. Two-pollutant models and children\u2019s sex-specific associations were explored.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After controlling for covariates, one standard deviation (SD) (11.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, equivalent to 6.1 ppb) increase in NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure during the second and the third trimester was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval: 2 \u2013 26%) and 14% (95% CI: 1 \u2013 29%) increase in SGA, respectively; and one SD (9.6\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) increase in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure during the third trimester was associated with 15% (95% CI: 1 \u2013 31%) increase in SGA. No association have been found for outcomes of birthweight, birthweight Z-score and LGA. DLM found that gestational weeks 22\u201332 were a critical window, when NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure had strongest associations with SGA. The associations of air pollution exposure tended to be stronger in female newborns than in male newborns. However, no significant associations of air pollution exposure during preconception period on birthweight outcomes were found.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Consistent with previous studies, we found that air pollution exposure during mid-to-late pregnancy was associated with adverse birthweight outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-023-01022-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T07:02:59Z","timestamp":1697698979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Identifying critical windows of air pollution exposure during preconception and gestational period on birthweight: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhenchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Junfeng Jim","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiros","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yong-hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhanghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1022_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, Adeyi O, Arnold R, Basu N (Nil), editors. 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<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities. Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) before bariatric surgery may attenuate improvements in glucose metabolism and explain some of the heterogeneity in post-surgery outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is an observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents (n = 186) enrolled in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study were included. Eight-PFAS congeners were measured in plasma before surgery. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine cross-sectional associations between log2-transformed PFAS (ng\/mL) and fasting glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Linear mixed models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between PFAS and outcomes measured at baseline and 6-, 12-, 36-, and 60-months post-surgery. Polyfluoroalkyl substance mixture associations at each visit were assessed using quantile g-computation. All models were adjusted for demographics, study site, and use of diabetes medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) was associated with greater increases in fasting glucose and HbA1c in the 1- to 5-year post-operative period: for instance, a PFHxS level of 1.95\u2005log2-ng\/mL was associated with a 3.30\u2005mg\/dL (95% CI: 1.23, 5.37) increase over 4 years, while a PFHxS level of \u22120.16\u2005log2-ng\/mL was associated with a 1.19\u2005mg\/dL (95% CI: \u22120.91, 3.29) increase. PFHxS, perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid, and perfluoroheptanoic acid were positively associated with insulin and HOMA-IR at baseline, but not in the 1- to 5-year post-operative period. Each simultaneous quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with higher insulin and HOMA-IR at baseline, but this association did not persist at follow-up visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid exposure may attenuate improvement in fasting glucose and HbA1c after bariatric surgery. Improvements in insulin resistance after surgery were not associated with PFAS exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/enendo\/wkaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T13:07:59Z","timestamp":1763039279000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polyfluoroalkyl substances and altered glucose homeostasis in adolescents following bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Costello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Brittney O","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Midya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Shudi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Justin R","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Thomas H","family":"Inge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Todd M","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH 45229 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Sisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, USDA\/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Stavra A","family":"Xanthakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH 45229 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4973-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Courcoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minimally Invasive Bariatric and General Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Douglas I","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health , 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Stratakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal , Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003 ,","place":["Spain"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damaskini","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Scott M","family":"Bartell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Joe C. Wen School of Population & Public Health, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela L","family":"Slitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island , Kingston, RI 02881 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90027 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Michele A","family":"La Merrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California , Davis, CA 95616 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Sandrah P","family":"Eckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Max T","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"David V","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]},{"given":"Lida","family":"Chatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032 ,","place":["United States"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011222014963800_wkaf003-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0046","article-title":"Youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the epidemiology of an awakening epidemic","volume":"46","author":"Perng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes 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ES029213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenetics &amp; Chromatin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal vitamin use is recommended before and during pregnancies for normal fetal development. Prenatal vitamins do not have a standard formulation, but many contain calcium, folic acid, iodine, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and vitamins A, B6, B12, and D, and usually they contain higher concentrations of folic acid and iron than regular multivitamins in the US Nutrient levels can impact epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, but relationships between maternal prenatal vitamin use and DNA methylation have been relatively understudied. We examined use of prenatal vitamins in the first month of pregnancy in relation to cord blood and placenta DNA methylation in two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) and Markers of Autism Risk Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In placenta, prenatal vitamin intake was marginally associated with \u22120.52% (95% CI \u22121.04, 0.01) lower mean array-wide DNA methylation in EARLI, and associated with \u22120.60% (\u22121.08, \u22120.13) lower mean array-wide DNA methylation in MARBLES. There was little consistency in the associations between prenatal vitamin intake and single DNA methylation site effect estimates across cohorts and tissues, with only a few overlapping sites with correlated effect estimates. However, the single DNA methylation sites with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 (EARLI cord\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CpGs<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20094068, EARLI placenta\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CpGs<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20093647, MARBLES cord\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CpGs<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20094068, MARBLES placenta\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CpGs<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20099563) were consistently enriched in neuronal developmental pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, our findings suggest that prenatal vitamin intake in the first month of pregnancy may be related to lower placental global DNA methylation and related to DNA methylation in brain-related pathways in both placenta and cord blood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-022-00460-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T01:02:52Z","timestamp":1659402172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prenatal vitamin intake in first month of pregnancy and DNA methylation in cord blood and placenta in two prospective cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"John F.","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauren Y. 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83578501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CR 83578501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CR 83578501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CR 83578501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) exposure causes respiratory effects including lung function decrements, increased lung permeability, and airway inflammation. Additionally, baseline metabolic state can predispose individuals to adverse health effects from O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. For this reason, we conducted an exploratory study to examine the effect of O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>exposure on derivatives of cholesterol biosynthesis: sterols, oxysterols, and secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D) not only in the lung, but also in circulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained plasma and induced sputum samples from non-asthmatic (n = 12) and asthmatic (n = 12) adult volunteers 6 hours following exposure to 0.4ppm O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>for 2 hours. We quantified the concentrations of 24 cholesterol precursors and derivatives by UPLC-MS and 30 cytokines by ELISA. We use computational analyses including machine learning to determine whether baseline plasma sterols are predictive of O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>responsiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed an overall decrease in the concentration of cholesterol precursors and derivatives (e.g. 27-hydroxycholesterol) and an increase in concentration of autooxidation products (e.g. secosterol-B) in sputum samples. In plasma, we saw a significant increase in the concentration of secosterol-B after O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>exposure. Machine learning algorithms showed that plasma cholesterol was a top predictor of O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>responder status based on decrease in FEV1 (&gt;5%). Further, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with lung function in non-asthmatic subjects and with sputum uteroglobin, whereas it was inversely associated with sputum myeloperoxidase and neutrophil counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights alterations in sterol metabolites in the airway and circulation as potential contributors to systemic health outcomes and predictors of pulmonary and inflammatory responsiveness following O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T17:29:08Z","timestamp":1684171748000},"page":"e0285721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plasma sterols and vitamin D are correlates and predictors of ozone-induced inflammation in the lung: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alexia N.","family":"Perryman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hye-Young H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Payton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-5042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia E.","family":"Rager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"McNell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Rebuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Almond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neil E.","family":"Alexis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ned A.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-0305","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilona","family":"Jaspers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0285721.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S11102","article-title":"Biomarkers of Dose and Effect of Inhaled Ozone in Resting versus Exercising Human Subjects: Comparison with Resting Rats.","volume":"8","author":"GE Hatch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomarker insights."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0285721.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.3.8087337","article-title":"Ozone dose and effect in humans and rats. 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