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The main purpose of the study is to identify the types of traditional children's games as a cultural heritage that needs to be documented. Exploring the link between formalistic aspects of art and social culture through the design of traditional children's games in the 80s or 90s. Most of the children of the past applied traditional games using the art of making based on the objects around them. This study also aims to look at behaviour patterns, environment, values \u200b\u200band needs to form expressions from players' visual thoughts through social and cultural systems. The written and visual data collection methodology in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach involving a case study design based on empirical field work of the data obtained. Documentation, visual recording and observation methods are used to gather information about the research being studied. The data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings of the study show that children's games are closely related to the value formation process through informally acquired visual thinking. This process occurs through the production of game designs using tools and materials found in the environment, game methods and creativity in manufacturing techniques. It is seen through the behaviour, environment, needs and values \u200b\u200bobtained by the players involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24191\/ijad.v7i2.1062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T05:48:06Z","timestamp":1722145686000},"page":"139-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual Thinking from Children's Traditional Games through Cultural Social Concepts"],"prefix":"10.24191","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rushana","family":"Sulaiman @ Abd Rahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Siti Safura","family":"Zahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nur Fatiyah","family":"Roslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohd Shahrul Hisham","family":"Ahmad Tarmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Azman","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmad Noor Rashidi","family":"Mohd Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Md Hafizullah","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Department of Fine Arts, College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Kelantan, Malaysia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"10283","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Art and Design"],"original-title":["PemikiranVisualDaripadaPermainanTradisionalKanak-KanakMenerusiKonsepSosialBudaya"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T05:48:29Z","timestamp":1722145709000},"score":20.626858,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.uitm.edu.my\/ojs\/index.php\/IJAD\/article\/view\/1062"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/ijad.v7i2.1062","ISSN":["2710-5776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2710-5776","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T01:41:48Z","timestamp":1649122908592},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"JSTOR","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1914]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/25587240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,7]],"date-time":"2010-12-07T14:37:17Z","timestamp":1291732637000},"page":"178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Annual Exhibition Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.2307","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Charles Henry","family":"Dorr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1121","container-title":["Fine Arts Journal"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T15:17:17Z","timestamp":1525792637000},"score":20.625885,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/25587240?origin=crossref"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1914]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1914]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25587240","ISSN":["2151-2760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-2760","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1914]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T23:40:32Z","timestamp":1648510832689},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Nepal Journals Online (JOL)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Fine Arts Campus"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In contemporary Nepali arts, there are some trends that shock any sensible viewer or any informed person in the area. Some artists repeat the same subject matter, figure and technique throughout their life or from the beginning of their profession till now. The presentation of the same thing all the time creates monotony and nausea in the viewers. The question arises: how can an artist do the same thing all the time? Some artists see the works of famous western artists in art history books, art magazines and the world wide web, and they copy their subject matters and techniques thinking that they can create works and be famous. Some artists randomly splash and pour colors on the canvas and say that the mess and confusion in the canvas is abstract art. They opine that nobody can understand abstract art. They are fooling the viewers. Some artists call themselves modern Nepali artists, for they have practiced modern techniques of western arts. Some artists print the photograph on the canvas, make the photograph rough using paints and call it their paintings thinking that the viewers will be fooled. Some artists do realistic paintings with sweats and tireless efforts to earn their livelihood but when it comes to the exhibition of artworks, they make abstract paintings in few minutes. We can find such na\u00efve and shocking trends in some senior artists as well, and young artists following their footprints. As a result, a substantial portion of Nepali art has already entered the whirlpool presenting its non-existent situation which demands immediate rescue from real artists and intellectuals. The scenario of art can be an analogy of the social and political situation of Nepal. We talk about great revolutions, changes and achievements but the situation of people is getting worse and civilization has been degenerated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3126\/jfac.v3i1.42488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T09:23:00Z","timestamp":1642756980000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contemporary Nepali Arts: Some Shocking Trends"],"prefix":"10.3126","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yam Prasad","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1670","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"container-title":["Journal of Fine Arts Campus"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/jfac\/article\/download\/42488\/32282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/jfac\/article\/download\/42488\/32282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T09:23:15Z","timestamp":1642756995000},"score":20.608097,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/jfac\/article\/view\/42488"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/jfac.v3i1.42488","ISSN":["2795-1782","2795-1774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2795-1782","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2795-1774","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:09:25Z","timestamp":1762297765925},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789024715398"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789401024457"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2445-7_2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T14:40:19Z","timestamp":1318344019000},"page":"19-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lectures on the Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"D\u2019","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","unstructured":"Georg Ernst Stahl, 1660\u20131734."},{"key":"2_CR2","unstructured":"George Cheyne, 1671\u20131743."},{"key":"2_CR3","unstructured":"Herman Boerhave, 1668\u20131738."},{"key":"2_CR4","unstructured":"Robert Whyte, 1714\u20131766."},{"key":"2_CR5","volume-title":"The Analysis of Beauty","author":"W Hogarth","year":"1753","unstructured":"The remarks in parenthesis were written by Reid on a separate sheet with a sign showing where, im the body of the text, they were to be inserted. The works referred to are William Hogarth\u2019s The Analysis of Beauty (1753)"},{"key":"2_CR6","volume-title":"Crito: Or, A Dialogue on Beauty","author":"J Spence","year":"1752","unstructured":"and Joseph Spence\u2019s Crito: Or, A Dialogue on Beauty (1752)."},{"key":"2_CR7","unstructured":"The Spectator, in the series of papers \u201cOn the Pleasures of the Imagination\u201d (1712)."},{"key":"2_CR8","volume-title":"The Pleasures of Imagination","author":"M Akenside","year":"1744","unstructured":"Mark Akenside, The Pleasures of Imagination (1744)."},{"key":"2_CR9","unstructured":"The naturalists, Sir Joseph Banks (1743\u20131820) and Daniel Solander (1736\u20131782), accompanied Cook on his voyage in \u201cEndeavour.\u201d"},{"key":"2_CR10","volume-title":"Essay on the Sublime","author":"J Baillie","year":"1747","unstructured":"John Baillie, Essay on the Sublime (1747);"},{"key":"2_CR11","volume-title":"A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and 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Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.5479","author":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3444","language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,25]],"date-time":"2016-07-25T15:50:29Z","timestamp":1469461829000},"score":20.437656,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/library.si.edu\/digital-library\/book\/catalogofpermane00penn"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1800]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5479\/sil.983365.39088000084145","published":{"date-parts":[[1800]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:06:33Z","timestamp":1755219993663,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Sryahwa Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Fine 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Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9781884446054"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.1093\/gao\/9781884446054.article.t2090718","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T02:33:24Z","timestamp":1513132404000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Leibold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]]},"container-title":["Oxford Art Online"],"original-title":["Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T13:45:17Z","timestamp":1678110317000},"score":20.349407,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oxfordartonline.com\/groveart\/documentID\/oao-9781884446054-e-7002090718"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]]},"ISBN":["9781884446054"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gao\/9781884446054.article.t2090718","published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1715770462366},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University PressOxford","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199233052","type":"print"},{"value":"9781383036701","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\u2018I no sooner felt,\u2019 Coleridge once wrote, \u2018than I sought to understand.\u2019 Coleridge needed to proceed from his responses to and statements about works of art to the general principles that govern, or should govern, them. As we have seen, \u2018Principles common to all the Fine Arts,\u2019 was to be the title of his 1807 lectures at the Royal Institution, as stated in Coleridge\u2019s correspondence and as advertised in The Times and elsewhere. In virtually all his important statements about the arts, Coleridge emphasized their unity and declared that they had common principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199233052.003.0006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T23:16:41Z","timestamp":1699226201000},"page":"210-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Principles Common To The Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Morton D","family":"Paley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","container-title":["Samuel Taylor Coleridge And The Fine Arts"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/chapter-pdf\/52611762\/isbn-9780199233052-book-part-6.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T23:17:03Z","timestamp":1699226223000},"score":20.339977,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/48923\/chapter\/422779246"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]]},"ISBN":["9780199233052","9781383036701"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780199233052.003.0006","published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T21:56:39Z","timestamp":1725746199762},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789401518109"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789401529723"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1949]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-2972-3_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]],"date-time":"2013-08-24T01:56:27Z","timestamp":1377309387000},"page":"1-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Catalogue of Books on the Fine Arts"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"name":"Martinus Nijhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","container-title":["Catalogue of Books on the Fine Arts"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-94-015-2972-3_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,24]],"date-time":"2013-08-24T01:56:31Z","timestamp":1377309391000},"score":20.30264,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-94-015-2972-3_1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1949]]},"ISBN":["9789401518109","9789401529723"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-015-2972-3_1","published":{"date-parts":[[1949]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:03:21Z","timestamp":1762419801323,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACAAD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the concept of community art has gained increased attention in Thailand\u2019s contemporary art scene, there remains a lack of sustainable policy support that is contextually grounded and responsive to the realities of local communities. Most community-based art initiatives in Thailand emerge sporadically, often lacking the institutional or governmental structures necessary for long-term continuity. Many projects are short-term and fail to embed themselves meaningfully within the communities they aim to serve, raising critical questions about sustainability, impact, and the role of art in social development.\n\n\nThis research explores the E-Lerng Artists Collective, a Bangkok-based group that has engaged in community art practices in the Nang Loeng neighborhood since 2008. Notably, E-Lerng operates independently from formal institutions, emphasizing long-term relationships, mutual trust, and grassroots participation as the foundations of their practice. Conducted by a practitioner\u2013researcher with direct involvement in the group\u2019s activities as an artist, curator, and volunteer, this study offers deep insights into the group\u2019s internal processes and evolving strategies.\n\n\nThe objective of this study is threefold: (1) to investigate the history, development, and operational structure of the E-Lerng Collective as a long-standing community art initiative; (2) to analyze the socio-cultural and policy frameworks that enable or hinder community art in Thailand, using E-Lerng as a case study; and (3) to propose policy recommendations for sustainable community art support, grounded in lessons learned from E-Lerng and relevant theoretical comparisons.\n\n\nThis qualitative study employs mixed methods, including semi-structured interviews with artists, community leaders, and cultural policy experts; participant observation in Nang Loeng; and extensive document and media analysis. Key theoretical frameworks include the researcher\u2019s original concept of \u201cCommunity Art as Decentralized Social Infrastructure,\u201d which views community art as a socially embedded structure driven by trust, reciprocity, and local agency\u2014rather than top-down mandates. This framework is critically compared with Markusen and Gadwa\u2019s (2010) \u201cCultural Infrastructure,\u201d Kester\u2019s (2004) \u201cDialogical Aesthetics,\u201d Bishop\u2019s (2006) \u201cThe Social Turn,\u201d and Matarasso\u2019s (1997) cultural policy critiques.\n\n\nFindings indicate that the E-Lerng Collective exemplifies a decentralized social infrastructure model\u2014sustained through long-term engagement, adaptive strategies, and non-institutional modes of organization. The group\u2019s activities span beyond conventional art practices to include educational programs, local leadership development, creative resource management, and the revitalization of cultural heritage. Their work is transdisciplinary, bridging art with health, education, economics, and cultural sustainability through participatory processes.\n\n\nPolicy recommendations from this research emphasize the need for bottom-up support systems: flexible funding mechanisms, long-term infrastructure beyond short-term projects, and the creation of neutral platforms that facilitate collaboration between communities, state actors, and civil society without disempowering grassroots initiatives. The role of the state should shift from \u201cleader\u201d to \u201cenabler,\u201d supporting knowledge exchange and cross-sector networks rooted in real-world practices. These proposals highlight the potential of community art not only as a cultural tool but also as a pathway to holistic, inclusive, and sustainable social development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55003\/acaad.2025.279014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:59:26Z","timestamp":1762419566000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["E-Lerng Artists Collective and Policy Proposals for the Development of Community Art in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.55003","volume":"39","author":[{"name":"Master\u2019s student, Program in Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Chulalongkorn University","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tharinee","family":"Ratanasatien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeerawan","family":"Sangpetch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"Program in Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Chulalongkorn University","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"32744","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"container-title":["Asian Creative Architecture, Art and Design"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T08:59:26Z","timestamp":1762419566000},"score":20.292969,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/so04.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/archkmitl\/article\/view\/279014"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55003\/acaad.2025.279014","ISSN":["3027-8201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3027-8201","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T05:57:33Z","timestamp":1674712653054},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Nepal Journals Online (JOL)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Fine Arts Campus"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0928\u093e\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u0948 \u0928\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928\u092e\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093f \u0928\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f 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