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Although Twining is suspicious of the tendency of analytical jurisprudence to over-specialise itself into a form of \u2018real tennis\u2019, he is of course one of the most vigorous proponents of the view that general jurisprudence, pursued at several levels, is an essential part of legal education.","journal-title":"L.Q.R."},{"key":"5_CR4","volume-title":"Essays Moral, Political and Literary","author":"D Hume","year":"1963","unstructured":"See, e.g., D. Hume, Essays Moral, Political and Literary (London, 1963), O.U.P."},{"key":"5_CR5","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation","author":"J Bentham","year":"1970","unstructured":"See, e.g., J. Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, ed. by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart (London, 1970)."},{"key":"5_CR6","unstructured":"See, e.g., Lectures III\u2013V of The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, ed. by H. L. A. Hart (London, 1954); compare also Eira Ruben, \u2018John Austin\u2019s Political Pamphlets 1824\u20131859\u2019, in Perspectives in Jurisprudence, ed. by E. Attwooll (Glasgow, 1977)."},{"key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520311336","volume-title":"What is Justice?","author":"H Kelsen","year":"1957","unstructured":"See, e.g., Hans Kelsen, What is Justice? (California, Univ. of California Press, 1957)."},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620612","volume-title":"Law Liberty and Morality","author":"HLA Hart","year":"1963","unstructured":"See, e.g., H. L. A. Hart, Law Liberty and Morality (Oxford, 1963);"},{"key":"5_CR9","volume-title":"The Morality of the Criminal Law","author":"HLA Hart","year":"1965","unstructured":"H. L. A. Hart,The Morality of the Criminal Law (Oxford, 1965);"},{"key":"5_CR10","volume-title":"Punishment and Responsibility","author":"HLA Hart","year":"1968","unstructured":"H. L. A. 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Ogden), what I call an \u2018institutional fact\u2019 is a\u2019fiction\u2019, but this is an inconvenient usage since it leaves us clumsily trying to distinguish real \u2018fictions\u2019, such as my contract of employment with Edinburgh University, and fictional \u2018fictions\u2019, like the famous contract between Shylock and the merchant in Shakespeare\u2019s Merchant of Venice."},{"key":"5_CR22","volume-title":"Practical Reason and Norms","author":"J Raz","year":"1975","unstructured":"See J. Raz, Practical Reason and Norms (London, 1975), esp. Sections 1.2. and 2.3."},{"key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See Alf Ross, \u2018T\u00fb-T\u00fb\u2019, Harvard L. R. 66 (1956\u20137), 812.","DOI":"10.2307\/1337744"},{"key":"5_CR24","unstructured":"See Chapter 2 above (MacCormick, \u2018Law as Institutional Fact\u2019) on this point."},{"key":"5_CR25","unstructured":"Ibid. See also my H. L. A. 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