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This discovery strongly supports the hypothesis of a close relationship between Kalligrammatidae and the Jurassic Parakseneuridae. The phylogenetic position of Kalligrammatidae is still unclear. A morphological character analysis shows that the family could equally well belong to the psychopsoid lineage or to the lineage leading to Ithonidae and Polystoechotidae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.6308429","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:39:18Z","timestamp":1772127558000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liassopsychops from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) of Luxembourg: Discovery of a basal Kalligrammatidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) hindwing confirms their close relation to Parakseneuridae"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Ansorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir N.","family":"Makarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Thuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Insects from the Lower Toarcian of Middle Europe and England","volume":"46","author":"J Ansorge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Stratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Toarcian in NE Germany: organo-detrital and detrital sedimentation in response to the productivity of the planktic ecosystem","author":"J Ansorge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pal\ufffdontologische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palwor.2020.07.001","article-title":"The oldest giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany","volume":"30","author":"J Ansorge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palaeworld"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4039\/tce.2025.10017","article-title":"New Eocene giant lacewings with once-banded wings (Neuroptera, Polystoechotidae) of the Okanagan Highlands, McAbee, Canada, and Republic, United States of America","volume":"157","author":"S B Archibald","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Canadian Entomologist"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"218","volume":"25","author":"A Bode","year":"1904","journal-title":"Orthoptera und Neuroptera aus dem Oberen Lias von Braunschweig. 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