{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":1374277,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T22:56:26Z","timestamp":1715295386950},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199766581","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"

On 7 June 1494, Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, an agreement that divided the world by a line that cut from pole to pole and began 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. This line allowed Portugal to claim possession of the coast of Brazil but it was quickly ignored by westward exploration movements that brought Portuguese, Spanish, Indigenous people, and people of African descent into contact and provided grounds for numerous conflicts in the following centuries. Even with the diplomatic efforts that led to the treaties of Madrid (1750) and San Ildefonso (1777), the boundaries between Iberian domains in South America remained porous and uncertain. A quick look at a map of South America allows us to see that from the R\u00edo de la Plata to Amazonia and from Paraguay to Guayana, the possibilities for interaction between Natives, Iberians, and people of African origins were numerous; if we include the major ports of South America (Buenos Aires, Callao, Guayaquil, Cartagena, Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro) and the proximity of Angola, these possibilities, including legal and illegal trade, multiplied exponentially. We must not forget that Portugal and Spain did not remain opposite political entities during the early modern period. There were periods of political and diplomatic rapprochement and, of course, the years between 1580 and 1640, when Portugal was united with the Spanish empire in the so-called Iberian Union. Moreover, what it meant to be Portuguese\u2014and what it meant to be Spanish\u2014were also being defined. For these reasons, it is not surprising that historians have been concerned with the interactions between the Portuguese and Spanish in South America for a long time. Until the mid-20th-century, topics such as diplomacy, territorial demarcation, and military conflicts received more attention. In recent decades, however, historians have been more attentive to the interactions between individuals and groups \u201con the ground,\u201d with special emphasis on the agency of Indigenous peoples, smugglers, merchants, slave traders, enslaved people of African origin, cartographers, and others. Modern historians have sought to understand how these frontier interactions influenced the formation of individuals\u2019 identities, the personal and commercial networks they wove, and the knowledge about the environment they provided. Another topic of great importance concerns how Native peoples maintained their autonomy despite the expansion of the Iberian empires, especially during the eighteenth century. This article presents some of the most prominent works on each of these themes and resources for scholars to find relevant materials. Some studies are listed by theme (cartography, demarcation, diplomacy, etc.), while others are listed according to geographical subdivisions. Naturally, the studies that appear in thematic topics could also fit within regional categories, but we prefer to separate them by their relevance to the specific theme. In the regional topics, the \u201con the ground\u201d interactions of Indigenous people with people of African, Spanish, and Portuguese origin stand out. Finally, it is important to note that in this essay, we concentrate on the colonial period, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, and that we do not present references pertaining to the independence processes of South American countries, as we believe that this topic demands a separate essay.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199766581-0272","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1661165714000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Portuguese-Spanish Interactions in Colonial South America"],"prefix":"10.1093","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"container-title":["Latin American Studies"],"original-title":["Portuguese-Spanish Interactions in Colonial South America"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1661165714000},"score":36.602863,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199766581\/obo-9780199766581-0272.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"ISBN":["9780199766581"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199766581-0272","published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T09:49:27Z","timestamp":1742982567080,"version":"3.40.3"},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780521800419"},{"type":"print","value":"9780521604291"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9780511487705"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,22]],"date-time":"2009-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3186,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511487705.025","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]],"date-time":"2009-12-22T11:51:59Z","timestamp":1261482719000},"page":"191-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SPANISH-SPEAKING LATIN AMERICA"],"prefix":"10.1017","member":"56","container-title":["Evangelicals and Politics in Asia, Africa and Latin America"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/2350D5C7547F59984D053F0BBDE6762A","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T13:22:21Z","timestamp":1665753741000},"score":35.225414,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/CBO9780511487705A032\/type\/book_part"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"ISBN":["9780521800419","9780521604291","9780511487705"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9780511487705.025","published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T18:45:18Z","timestamp":1649097918242},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]],"date-time":"2008-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4655,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,30]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/chol9780521395250.057","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,8]],"date-time":"2008-12-08T04:28:25Z","timestamp":1228710505000},"page":"336-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rural Spanish America"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Arnold","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","container-title":["The Cambridge History of Latin America"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/D14DC8C54CAA342688380381B7561061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T13:45:12Z","timestamp":1570715112000},"score":35.025066,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/CBO9781139055260A065\/type\/book_part"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/chol9780521395250.057","published":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T21:53:56Z","timestamp":1726005236304},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9780199366439"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"

The Spanish language arrived in Latin America as a tool of Iberian colonization. Indigenous languages struggled to survive under the implacable presence of an imperial tongue serving not only to make all subjects part of the Spanish Empire but also, and primarily, as a mechanism to evangelize a population considered by the conquistadors, soldiers, missionaries, and entrepreneurs as barbaric. During the age of independence (1810\u20131910), defined by bloody armed movements, the emerging republics in Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean Basin declared their autonomy by seceding politically, economically, and legally from Spain while pushing for a vigorous nationalist agenda that shaped them as nations. Spanish was an agglutinating force toward a new collective identity, regionally and locally. Important figures like Venezuelan philologist, lexicographer, and diplomat Andr\u00e9s Bello established an agenda that helped define the cultural parameters of the young republics in terms of grammar, syntax, and morphology. Followers include Rufino Jos\u00e9 Cuervo.<\/p>\n

Various aesthetic movements, such as modernismo<\/italic>, led by figures like Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo and Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed, helped consolidate a transnational sense of linguistic unity. During the 20th century, the nationalist fever spread throughout Latin America, encouraging educators to establish pedagogical patterns that emphasized the uniqueness of the language within the country\u2019s context. The effort was supported by ethnographers, anthropologists, and sociolinguists like the Cuban Fernando Ortiz and Venezuelan \u00c1ngel Rosenblat intent on finding what was local in the language. Simultaneously, each nation developed its own idiosyncratic media, which, again, allowed for verbal peculiarities to be included while also driving toward a standardized form. In this atmosphere, the Spanish language has been used as an organ of control by the state. It is also an invaluable tool through which to understand regional, national, and cultural differences.<\/p>\n

By the end of the millennium, a new phenomenon emerged, not in Latin America per se yet intimately linked to it: Spanglish. It is a hybrid tongue used by millions of immigrants in the United States, whose power is increasing as time goes by. Spanglish has the potential of reconfiguring the way the Spanish language is understood in the future.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.371","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T13:10:12Z","timestamp":1473167412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America since Independence"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Ilan","family":"Stavans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]},"container-title":["Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History"],"original-title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America since Independence"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1661970910000},"score":34.986664,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.001.0001\/acrefore-9780199366439-e-371"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]},"ISBN":["9780199366439"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.371","published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T22:55:57Z","timestamp":1715295357207},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199766581","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"

The timeline of the long 19th century in Spanish America can be defined by different chronological benchmarks. While some historians mark its beginning with the expulsion of the Jesuits (1767) and the creation of the Viceroyalty of R\u00edo de la Plata (1776), others set its beginnings with the wars of independence (1791\u20131822). Historians also disagree on its ending. Some choose the end of the Mexican Revolution (1917), while others push further to the foundation of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario in Mexico, in 1929. For this entry, it is preferable to signal the beginning and end of 19th century in Latin America with milestones more closely related to poetry: 1805\u20131916. The former marks the publication of the first issue of El Diario de M\u00e9xico, where the creations of the local Arcadia appeared while the latter marks the death of Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo and the first edition of Ram\u00f3n L\u00f3pez Velarde\u2019s La sangre devota. Even within these strict chronological limits, offering a panoramic view of the poetry written throughout the continent is difficult. Before the advanced printing technologies that allowed the first truly massive newspapers to circulate in Buenos Aires and Mexico City that would spawn the advent of literary Modernismo, it is nearly impossible to speak of poets of true Pan American stature. Andr\u00e9s Bello (b.\u00a01781\u2013d.\u00a01865) and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Heredia (b.\u00a01842\u2013d.\u00a01905) are the exception. These two poets exerted considerable influence as is evident in the importance that was granted to them in the first published anthology of Latin American Poetry, Am\u00e9rica po\u00e9tica 1846\u20131847, and even much later by Spanish philologist Marcelino Men\u00e9ndez y Pelayo (b.\u00a01856\u2013d.\u00a01912) in his four-volume anthology, Antolog\u00eda de poetas hispano-americanos publicada por la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola 1893\u20131895. Generally, authors had considerable national and at times regional influence but rarely achieved continental recognition. Consequently, this disjointed geography leads to a very large number of critical studies dedicated to local spheres with very few satisfactorily going beyond the realm of the national. This absence reflects a period when the most pressing need was to create national differences.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199766581-0228","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T07:30:43Z","timestamp":1574753443000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["19th Century and Modernismo Poetry in Spanish America"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Ruis\u00e1nchez Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"container-title":["Latin American Studies"],"original-title":["19th Century and Modernismo Poetry in Spanish America"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T19:30:46Z","timestamp":1632425446000},"score":34.72884,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199766581\/obo-9780199766581-0228.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"ISBN":["9780199766581"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199766581-0228","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:16:02Z","timestamp":1773036962611,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780199366439","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"

Language was an essential tool in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Starting in 1492, a series of Iberian fleets arrived in the so-called New World with horses, gunpowder, and the printed word in their possession. These artifacts served a major role in the submission of the native population, not only physical but intellectual and spiritual. To appreciate the spread of el espa\u00f1ol<\/italic> in the newly found territories, it is important to look at how Spanish was perceived by medieval philologists such as Antonio de Nebrija, author of Gram\u00e1tica de la lengua espa\u00f1ola<\/italic>; to appreciate the registers in Christopher Columbus\u2019s journals (as edited by Fray Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas); to analyze the status of native tongues like Nahuatl, Quechua, and scores of others, as well as the selection Spanish missionaries made of a few of those languages\u2014called lenguas generales<\/italic>\u2014for pedagogical instruction; to look at translators like La Malinche, Melchorejo, and Julianillo; to consider the role the printing press and translations of the Bible played in indoctrinating the indigenous population; to listen to the parlance of African slaves brought from the early 16th century onward; and finally to appreciate the verbal and aesthetic evolution of Spanish in the pens of Sor Juana In\u00e9s de La Cruz and many other important Spanish-language colonial authors.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.872","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T14:22:19Z","timestamp":1616595739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America during the Colonial Period"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Ilan","family":"Stavans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"container-title":["Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History"],"original-title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America during the Colonial Period"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T19:00:19Z","timestamp":1661972419000},"score":34.395107,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/latinamericanhistory\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.001.0001\/acrefore-9780199366439-e-872"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"ISBN":["9780199366439"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.872","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T22:50:32Z","timestamp":1698792632742},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":9,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]],"date-time":"2008-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7974,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,29]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/chol9780521232258.006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,24]],"date-time":"2008-11-24T10:22:42Z","timestamp":1227522162000},"page":"151-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rural Spanish America, 1870\u20131930"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Arnold","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","reference":[{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf61","volume-title":"Pueblo en vila, Microbistoria de San Jos\u00e9 de Gratia","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1968"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf65","volume-title":"Essays in Social History","author":"Thompson","year":"1974"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf62","article-title":"Memoria sobre la hacienda \"Las Condes\" en 1895","volume":"79","author":"Herrera","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn de la Academia Chilena de la Historia"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf58","volume-title":"Reformas agrarias en Am\u00e9rica Latina","author":"Baraona","year":"1965"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf63","volume-title":"Eltrabajo y los trabajadores en la historia de M\u00e9xico","author":"Semo","year":"1979"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf64","volume-title":"The Mexican agrarian revolution","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"1930"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf60","volume-title":"Land and labour in Latin America","author":"Favre","year":"1977"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf59","volume-title":"Life in Mexico","author":"Barca","year":"1966"},{"key":"9781139055192.CBO9781139055192A008_bibf66","volume-title":"Handbook of Middle American Indians","author":"Wolf","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["The Cambridge History of Latin America"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/98AAFA61896759ED32ECE75E5A340474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T17:39:40Z","timestamp":1570729180000},"score":34.327393,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/CBO9781139055192A008\/type\/book_part"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,29]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/chol9780521232258.006","published":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T10:11:19Z","timestamp":1725790279279},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Routledge","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9780203889138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781134557806"},{"type":"print","value":"9780415237864"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.4324\/9780203889138","type":"book","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T05:17:17Z","timestamp":1394774237000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Colloquial Spanish of Latin America"],"prefix":"10.4324","member":"301","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T15:59:01Z","timestamp":1509379141000},"score":34.317146,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9780203889138"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"ISBN":["9780203889138","9781134557806","9780415237864"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203889138","published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T21:49:01Z","timestamp":1726004941580},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9780199366439"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"

The Spanish language is the second largest in the world. While most of its syntactical patterns are the same, many of its speakers\u2014around 450 million of them (the majority of whom live in Latin America)\u2014use it in diverse, heterogeneous ways, to the point that it might be convenient to talk not of one espa\u00f1ol<\/italic> but of several. Its modernization began before the Spanish-American War, at the end of the 19th century, with the various drives toward national independence. Mass media (radio, TV, movies, and the internet) has also played a crucial role, along with immigration into and out of the region, tourism, language contact with indigenous tongues, English, and of code-switching strategies, tourism, and the emergence of working-class dialects like cantinflismo<\/italic>. The centripetal role played by Madrid\u2019s Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola<\/italic> and its branches throughout Latin America can help to explain the tension between unity and plurality.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.871","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T10:44:50Z","timestamp":1643280290000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America in the 20th Century"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Ilan","family":"Stavans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"container-title":["Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History"],"original-title":["The Spanish Language in Latin America in the 20th Century"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T14:43:50Z","timestamp":1661957030000},"score":34.04754,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/latinamericanhistory\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.001.0001\/acrefore-9780199366439-e-871"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"ISBN":["9780199366439"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199366439.013.871","published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:14:57Z","timestamp":1648761297501},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"JSTOR","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bulletin of Latin American Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/3338881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,18]],"date-time":"2006-06-18T15:38:39Z","timestamp":1150645119000},"page":"349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Cambridge History of Latin America. 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