Lexicography is concerned with dictionaries, both with the processes of compilation and with the study of the finished products. The latter is sometimes called \u201cmetalexicography\u201d or \u201cdictionary research.\u201d The distinction is also drawn by referring to the compilation of dictionaries as \u201cpractical lexicography\u201d and to the study of dictionaries as \u201ctheoretical lexicography.\u201d The focus of this bibliography is on theoretical lexicography, but in many publications the distinction is not finely drawn. Dictionaries come in many shapes and sizes, in many forms and formats; and the study of them reflects that diversity. Academic lexicographers will often specialize and focus their research on some aspect of lexicography, which may be either a particular type of dictionary (e.g., dictionaries for learners, bilingual dictionaries, historical dictionaries, sign language dictionaries, slang dictionaries) or a particular facet of dictionary compilation (e.g., defining styles, usage notes, treatment of pronunciation). Lexicography has seen wide-ranging and radical changes in the last couple of decades, as it has been heavily influenced by the electronic revolution. Not only are most current dictionaries now available in a digital version, but many older dictionaries have also been digitized and made accessible via the Internet. Electronic lexicography, or e-lexicography, is a fast-moving area, as dictionary makers grapple with the potential opened up by digital formats. In this Google age, dictionaries have to find their place among a plethora of information resources on the Internet; consequently, considerable attention is being paid by academic lexicographers to the future of dictionaries. Lexicography, both practical and theoretical, has a long history, which predates the development of modern linguistics and has developed independently of it. Samuel Johnson\u2019s \u201cPlan of a Dictionary\u201d (1747) is an example of an early contribution to theoretical lexicography, and Philip Gove, editor-in-chief of Webster\u2019s Third New International Dictionary (1961) was the first dictionary editor to acknowledge explicitly the influence of modern linguistics on his lexicographical practice. This raises the question whether lexicography can be considered as a sub-discipline of linguistics. Some academic lexicographers do view lexicography as an applied linguistic practice; but some would argue that lexicography sits more comfortably within the broader remit of reference science, since it has much in common with other reference disciplines. The development of e-lexicography pushes lexicography further in this direction, as electronic dictionaries take their place among a plethora of reference resources on the Internet, all of which may be accessed by a single Google search.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199772810-0203","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T10:13:35Z","timestamp":1498558415000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lexicography"],"prefix":"10.1093","member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]},"container-title":["Linguistics"],"original-title":["Lexicography"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T19:41:34Z","timestamp":1632426094000},"score":18.119684,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199772810\/obo-9780199772810-0203.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]},"ISBN":["9780199772810"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780199772810-0203","published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T11:49:46Z","timestamp":1648554586001},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Lexicography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ijl\/ecs028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T05:38:52Z","timestamp":1355377132000},"page":"450-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Theoretical Lexicography and the International Journal of Lexicography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"R. 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The introduction summarizes the scope of the project and its methodologies, arguing for a critically descriptive reading practice. Looking at artists\u2019 books, conceptual writing projects, and texts by writers as diverse as Marcel Duchamp, Solmaz Sharif, and Angelo V. Su\u00e1rez, the chapter first sketches the range of works that engage the dictionary in ways other than those investigated in subsequent chapters. In contrast to writers who have turned to the dictionary as an idealized abstraction, or a source of suppressed cultural biases, the chapter then proposes a dictionary poetics extrapolated from the particular form of reference books and the typography of particular editions, with their emphasis on the chain of the signifier, the chance proximities of otherwise unrelated words, and recursive structures of motivated paths and self-referential loops. Discussing poems by Emily Dickinson, Cecil Giscombe, Lyn Hejinian, Jack Kerouac, and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 the chapter outlines the principles of a radical lexicography in which the inherent logic of the dictionary serves as a generative, structuring device (and not merely an authoritative compendium).<\/p>","DOI":"10.5422\/fordham\/9780823287987.003.0001","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T19:52:07Z","timestamp":1611345127000},"page":"1-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Introduction: Toward an Experimental Lexicography"],"prefix":"10.5422","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Dworkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3380","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"container-title":["Dictionary Poetics"],"original-title":["Introduction: Toward an Experimental Lexicography"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1659015049000},"score":17.749273,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fordham-scholarship-online\/book\/38454\/chapter\/333499927"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"ISBN":["9780823287987","9780823290321"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5422\/fordham\/9780823287987.003.0001","published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T09:20:45Z","timestamp":1694510445246},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bloomsbury Academic","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781441128065","type":"print"},{"value":"9781474211833","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781474211833.ch-015","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T22:02:05Z","timestamp":1414706525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conclusions: Ten Key Issues in e-Lexicography for the Future"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["e-Lexicography : The Internet, Digital Initiatives and Lexicography"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T23:45:36Z","timestamp":1694475936000},"score":17.56351,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/monograph-detail?docid=b-9781474211833&tocid=b-9781474211833-chapter15"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"ISBN":["9781441128065","9781474211833"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781474211833.ch-015"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T09:20:58Z","timestamp":1694510458113},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bloomsbury Academic","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781441128065","type":"print"},{"value":"9781474211833","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781474211833.0006","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T22:02:05Z","timestamp":1414706525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["References"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["e-Lexicography : The Internet, Digital Initiatives and Lexicography"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T23:45:37Z","timestamp":1694475937000},"score":17.374044,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bloomsburycollections.com\/monograph-detail?docid=b-9781474211833&tocid=b-9781474211833-b-0183"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"ISBN":["9781441128065","9781474211833"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781474211833.0006"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1714729384061},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780195389661","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"
Study of the lexicon of the Latin language has been pursued since at least the late Republic, but the modern scientific footing on which it rests is largely the product of 19th-century advances in the stemmatic method of textual criticism and the emergent understanding of the relationships among the Indo-European languages. Arguments about linguistic change and especially etymology and synonymity were vigorously pursued by Roman scholars such as Varro (Marcus Terentius Varro) and Verrius Flaccus (Marcus Verrius Flaccus), who were heirs to Greek philosophical theories about the relative influence of anomaly and analogy as catalysts for linguistic change. From the Antonine period onward, antiquarian impulses combined with notions of linguistic purity to prompt the collection and explication of rare or obsolete words. Collections of etymologies, many of them fanciful, and the didactic habit of compiling glosses to aid first- or second-language learners monopolized lexicographical study into the High Middle Ages. The gradual adoption of alphabetical order made it possible to treat dictionaries as works of reference. In the Renaissance the study of ancient texts was established on a more substantial foundation, and lexicography began to shed its reliance on etymology and glosses. The Early Modern period saw the development of the notion that a dictionary of classical Latin should be based on the entire range of sources, both literary and epigraphic. Such a project is finally being attempted by the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Project. Lexicographical method continues to evolve, as is evident from a comparison of earlier and later fascicles of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL), and so does our appreciation of what a really comprehensive dictionary enables us to do with Latin texts.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780195389661-0032","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T14:38:43Z","timestamp":1307457523000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latin Lexicography"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"container-title":["Classics"],"original-title":["Latin Lexicography"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T06:24:17Z","timestamp":1676874257000},"score":17.374044,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oxfordbibliographies.com\/display\/document\/obo-9780195389661\/obo-9780195389661-0032.xml"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"ISBN":["9780195389661"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/obo\/9780195389661-0032","published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T17:10:01Z","timestamp":1734714601245,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"University of Toronto Press Inc. 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