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Foundation","award":["N00014-21-1-2412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2412"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CBET #2100757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET #2100757"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["ECCS #2020486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS #2020486"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["ECCS #1920979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS #1920979"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Batteries"],"abstract":"Biofuel cells have been in the spotlight for the past century because of their potential and promise as a unique platform for sustainable energy harvesting from the human body and the environment. Because biofuel cells are typically developed in a small platform serving as a primary battery with limited fuel or as a rechargeable battery with repeated refueling, they have been interchangeably named biobatteries. Despite continuous advancements and creative proof-of-concept, however, the technique has been mired in its infancy for the past 100 years, which has provoked increasing doubts about its commercial viability. Low performance, instability, difficulties in operation, and unreliable and inconsistent power generation question the sustainable development of biofuel cells. However, the advancement in bioelectrocatalysis revolutionizes the electricity-producing capability of biofuel cells, promising an attractive, practical technique for specific applications. This perspective article will identify the misconceptions about biofuel cells that have led us in the wrong development direction and revisit their potential applications that can be realizable soon. Then, it will discuss the critical challenges that need to be immediately addressed for the commercialization of the selected applications. Finally, potential solutions will be provided. The article is intended to inspire the community so that fruitful commercial products can be developed soon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries9020119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T05:37:31Z","timestamp":1675834651000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Biofuel Cells and Biobatteries: Misconceptions, Opportunities, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1097-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokheun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0150-9","article-title":"Me-trology for the next generation of semiconductor devices","volume":"1","author":"Orji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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In a real laser cavity, there are both longitudinal and transverse modes; for the highest-quality lasers, reducing the effects of the latter has been standard practice. However, using a graded index fiber cavity, Wright\n et al.<\/jats:italic>\n demonstrate that the longitudinal and transverse modes can be locked to provide an output of complex coherent light. Harnessing, rather than filtering out, the transverse modes could produce a valuable and flexible light source applicable across a broad range of disciplines.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Science<\/jats:italic>\n , this issue p.\n 94<\/jats:related-article>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T17:55:31Z","timestamp":1507226131000},"page":"94-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":539,"title":["Spatiotemporal mode-locking in multimode fiber lasers"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"358","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan G.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA."}]},{"given":"Demetrios N.","family":"Christodoulides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers, 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In this study, a novel design of MFC\u2014a Microfluidic Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell (MBMFC)\u2014was developed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate its electrical energy generation. The design focused on balancing microfluidic architecture and wiring procedures with microbial community dynamics to maximize power output and allow for upscaling and thus practical implementation. The testing phase involved experimentation to evaluate the performance of the MBMFC. Microbial feedstock was varied to assess its impact on power generation. The designed MBMFC represents a promising advancement in the field of bioenergy generation. By integrating innovative design principles with advanced fabrication techniques, this study demonstrates a systematic approach to optimizing MFC performance for sustainable and clean energy production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15070870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1719986658000},"page":"870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experimental Proof of Principle of 3D-Printed Microfluidic Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells (MBMFCs) with Inbuilt Biocompatible Carbon-Fiber Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Terak","family":"Hornik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3315-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOVES Institute, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Catterlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Joiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA"}]},{"given":"Yolanda Meriah","family":"Arias-Thode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Information Warfare Center, San Diego, CA 92152, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil P.","family":"Kartalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2006.01.033","article-title":"Harvesting energy from the marine sediment\u2013water interface II: Kinetic activity of anode materials","volume":"21","author":"Lowy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. 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Given the significant threat posed by IFIs and the limits of the current antifungal agents, the search for novel, effective therapeutic options remains a compelling area of antifungal drug discovery. The s-triazine (1,3,5-triazine) scaffold, renowned for its structural versatility, ease of functionalization, and diverse biological profiles, has been extensively studied in medical chemistry. Driven by this privileged structure, several s-triazine derivatives have been synthesized through molecular hybridization and screened for their antifungal activities. Some of them demonstrated potent efficacy against pathogenic fungi, including Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. Structure\u2013activity relationship (SAR) studies are also discussed whenever possible, underlying the essential substituents for their antifungal effect. This review provides a summary of recent advancements (2014\u20132024) in the development of antifungal agents featuring the s-triazine scaffold and highlights the antifungal activity of s-triazine derivatives, aiming to prompt further progress in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18050690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T05:18:20Z","timestamp":1746595100000},"page":"690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the Potential of s-Triazine Derivatives as Novel Antifungal Agents: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Haoyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Bridge, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Bridge, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"given":"Dazhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00861-x","article-title":"The WHO fungal priority pathogens list as a game-changer","volume":"21","author":"Fisher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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To introduce a first-order improvement to the linear stress profile of the traditional slab model, a nonlinear stress profile, which allows momentum to penetrate into the transition layer (TL), is used [denoted mixed layer\/transition layer (MLTL) stress profile]. The MLTL stress profile induces a twofold reduction in power input to inertial motions relative to the traditional slab approximation. The primary reduction arises as the TL allows momentum to be deposited over a greater depth range, reducing surface currents. The secondary reduction results from the production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) beneath the mixed layer (ML) related to interactions between shear stress and velocity shear. Direct comparison between observations in the Iceland Basin, the traditional slab model, the generalized slab model with the MLTL stress profile, and the Price\u2013Weller\u2013Pinkel (PWP) model suggest that the generalized slab model offers improved performance over a traditional slab model. In the Iceland Basin, modeled TKE production in the TL is consistent with observations of turbulent dissipation. Extension to global results via analysis of Argo profiling float data suggests that on the global, annual mean, \u223c30% of the total power input to near-inertial motions is allocated to TKE production. We apply this result to the latest global, annual-mean estimates for near-inertial power input (0.27 TW) to estimate that 0.08 \u00b1 0.01 TW of the total near-inertial power input are diverted to TKE production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1175\/jpo-d-23-0167.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T13:36:36Z","timestamp":1705498596000},"page":"949-965","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Generalized Slab Model"],"prefix":"10.1175","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3818-8710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian A.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"},{"name":"b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota"},{"name":"d Department of Physics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"},{"name":"b Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}]},{"given":"Amy F.","family":"Waterhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}]},{"given":"Caitlin B.","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Klenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"f College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Hormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Centurioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}]}],"member":"12","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J. 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