{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":602199,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T08:40:09Z","timestamp":1653036009979},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Decker Medicine","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.2310\/psych","type":"journal","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:01:16Z","timestamp":1652983276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DeckerMed Psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.2310","member":"1122","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:01:16Z","timestamp":1652983276000},"score":10.521404,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/deckerip.com\/products\/psychiatry\/table-of-contents\/"}},"short-title":["Psychiatry"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/psych"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T10:41:12Z","timestamp":1650624072454},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Decker Medicine","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Classification in psychiatry has ancient roots but mainly took form in the 19th and 20th centuries. European and American psychiatrists brought to the fore careful observation and description of clinical course. Formal attempts to classify patients took root after World War II based on the exigencies of the time. The DSM-I was published in 1952 and summarized all the diagnoses in psychiatry. Diagnostic criteria were introduced in the DSM-III in 1980 to introduce reliability to the diagnostic process, and a multiaxial system was introduced to aid in the comprehensive assessment of patients, later dropped in the DSM-5. Dimensional measures were introduced to aid with patient assessment, although many categories were reformulated based on research findings. In the DSM-5, the diagnoses are listed in order of clinical importance. Residual categories exist for those who do not meet the criteria for a more specific disorder. Although the DSM-5 has been criticized, criteria-based diagnoses will persist until a system can be created based on etiology.\u00a0\nThis review contains 2 tables, and 23 references\nKeywords: classification in psychiatry, diagnostic criteria, DSM-5, Feighner criteria,\u00a0International Classification of Diseases, Kraepelin<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2310\/psych.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1610626070000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Classification in Psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.2310","author":[{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1122","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"container-title":["DeckerMed Psychiatry"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1650564024000},"score":10.519938,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/deckerip.com\/products\/psychiatry\/table-of-contents\/?chapter_id=2018"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/psych.13002","published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:31:10Z","timestamp":1715041870218},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780198754008","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191917011","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"abstract":"<p>Psychiatry is the branch of medicine which specializes in the treatment of those brain disorders which pri\u00admarily cause disturbance of thought, behaviour, and emotion. These are often referred to as mental, or psy\u00adchiatric, disorders. The boundary with the specialty of neurology, which also deals with disorders of the cen\u00adtral nervous system, is therefore indistinct. Neurology mainly focuses on brain disease with clear physical pathology and\/ or obvious peripheral effects on, for ex\u00adample, motor function. Mental disorders such as depressive disorder and psychoses have been recognized since antiquity. Modern epidemiological studies have demonstrated that they are both highly prevalent and widely dis\u00adtributed across all societies. Overall, mental disorders account for a very high proportion of the disability experienced by the human race (see Chapter 2). Unfortunately, in most societies mental disorders still do not receive the recognition or a level of health ser\u00advice commensurate with their public health import\u00adance. There are several reasons for this. Probably most importantly, the brain is a vastly complex organ and the neural systems underlying mental disorders re\u00admain poorly characterized. This inevitably means that our understanding of the pathophysiology is rela\u00adtively poor compared to disorders such as diabetes or heart disease. The absence of a clear body of reliable scientific evidence means that competing unscien\u00adtific views\u2014 and stigma\u2014 can flourish. Recently, how\u00adever, our neurobiological techniques have improved in sophistication and sensitivity to the extent that mental disorders have become tractable problems. Phenomena such as mood symptoms, anxiety, and even psychosis seem to exist on a continuum in the population, and the absence of reliable neurobiological measures creates difficulties in determining where the thresholds lie in the gradual change from normality to illness. In clinical practice, the use of diagnostic cri\u00adteria can increase the reliability of diagnoses and re\u00adduce the variations between clinicians. However, small changes in diagnostic criteria can have large effects on the resulting estimates of the prevalence of disorders. Unfortunately, the criteria themselves are based on very imperfect knowledge about the natural history or boundaries of the disorders.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198754008.003.0005","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:47:00Z","timestamp":1605055620000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Introduction to psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McKnight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"container-title":["Psychiatry"],"original-title":["Introduction to psychiatry"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T21:50:53Z","timestamp":1659477053000},"score":10.508793,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/41787\/chapter\/354485739"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"ISBN":["9780198754008","9780191917011"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198754008.003.0005","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:31:27Z","timestamp":1715041887447},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780198754008","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191917011","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"abstract":"<p>Improving your emotional resilience is a key task for you as a medical student. As a future doctor, your health and well- being are vital to that of your patients: if you are not functioning reliably, you will not be able to help your pa\u00adtients as much as you otherwise would. It is therefore vital that you look after your body and mind and, by implica\u00adtion, adopt a lifestyle that is both healthy and sustainable. It is often said that doctors make bad patients. There is some evidence that doctors are slow to seek help for health problems, and comply poorly with advice given by other healthcare professionals. In addition, doctors\u2019 lives may be unhealthy, with high levels of stress, low levels of exercise, and excessive consumption of alcohol. The mental health of doctors is a particular con\u00adcern. Doctors are at relatively high risk of mental dis\u00adorder, and female doctors appear to be at higher risk of suicide than women in the general population. The reasons are several, and include the following: \u2026 \u25cf The nature of doctors. Doctors are driven to succeed, and do not tolerate failure well. It is inevitable that some of our patients will die, some treatments will not be successful, and that, in a professional lifetime, some mistakes will be made. Our aim should be to reflect on and learn from these events, and then to move on positively. \u25cf The nature of doctors\u2019 work. Doctors tend to work hard, work for long hours, and work in challenging, resource- constrained environments. \u25cf Poor help- seeking. Doctors may be reluctant to seek help for their medical problems, and this is particularly likely when the problem is psychiatric. \u25cf Unsupportive and unsustainable lifestyle. Many doctors have challenging careers and challenging home lives, and allow themselves little time to recharge their batteries away from these ever-present stressors. They may not prioritize the maintenance of important resilience factors, such as the relationship with their partner, or interests outside medicine. \u25cf Knowledge of and access to the means of suicide. Doctors (and vets, farmers, and pharmacists, to whom the above- mentioned factors also apply) have special expertise in the use of chemicals which are toxic in overdose.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198754008.003.0042","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T01:49:02Z","timestamp":1605059342000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatry and you"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McKnight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"container-title":["Psychiatry"],"original-title":["Psychiatry and you"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T21:51:08Z","timestamp":1659477068000},"score":10.506889,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/41787\/chapter\/354491805"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"ISBN":["9780198754008","9780191917011"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198754008.003.0042","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T23:07:49Z","timestamp":1764976069325,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Gen Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.2.182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T11:45:16Z","timestamp":1047987916000},"page":"182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["When Psychiatry Is Not Psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"55","member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-ylt0298-2-1-1","unstructured":"GLKlermanIdeological conflicts in integrating pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.BeitmanBDKlermanGLedsPharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy.Washington, DCAmerican Psychiatric Press1991319"},{"key":"ref-ylt0298-2-1-2","unstructured":"GOGabbardSGLazarMDHornbergerDSpiegelThe economic impact of psychotherapy: a review.Am J Psychiatry.1997154147155"},{"key":"ref-ylt0298-2-1-3","unstructured":"MOlfsonHPincusOutpatient psychotherapy in the United States, I: volume, costs and user characteristics.Am J Psychiatry.199415112811294"},{"key":"ref-ylt0298-2-1-4","unstructured":"WEBroadheadDGBlazerLKGeorgeCKTseDepression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiological survey.JAMA.199026425242528"},{"key":"ref-ylt0298-2-1-5","unstructured":"NDoidgeBSimonLAGilliesRRuskinCharacteristics of psychoanalytic patients under a nationalized health plan: DSM-III-R diagnoses, previous treatment, and childhood traumata.Am J Psychiatry.1994151586590"}],"container-title":["Archives of General 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BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(17)30081-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,25]],"date-time":"2017-03-25T00:20:59Z","timestamp":1490401259000},"page":"261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Psychiatry unlocked"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"family":"The Lancet Psychiatry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","container-title":["The Lancet 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University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-9338(02)80065-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T13:02:04Z","timestamp":1034341324000},"page":"13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Forensic psychiatry as a subspecialty of psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Silfen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","container-title":["European 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University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780198754008","type":"print"},{"value":"9780191917011","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"abstract":"<p>In most of medicine, legal situations are rarely encoun\u00adtered, typically related to complaints or complex eth\u00adical issues. Unusually, psychiatry is closely connected with the law, with most psychiatrists dealing with legal issues on a daily basis. There are three main areas of law which are relevant to psychiatry: \u2026 1 Civil law relating to the involuntary admission and treatment of patients with mental disorders (in the UK, this is outlined in the Mental Health Act (MHA) 2007). 2 Civil law concerning issues of consent, capacity, and deprivation of liberty (Mental Capacity Act 2005 including Deprivation of Liberty Safeguarding (DoLS)). 3 Criminal law as it relates to individuals with mental disorders. \u2026 There are various reasons why knowledge of mental health legislation is helpful to all clinicians: \u2026 \u25cf Laws and official guidelines provide backing to some aspects of ethical decision- making within medicine. \u25cf The law regulates the circumstances under which treatment can be given without patients\u2019 consent. All doctors may encounter situations in which patients refuse essential treatment, and may have to decide whether to invoke powers of compulsory admission and\/ or best interest treatments. \u25cf Doctors may be asked for reports used in legal decisions, such as the capacity to make a will or claims for compensation for injury. They may be asked for reports that set out the relationship between any psychiatric disorder and criminal behaviour. \u25cf A minority of patients behave in ways that break the law. Doctors need to understand legal issues as part of their management of care. \u25cf Victims of crime may suffer immediate and long-term psychological or physical consequences. \u2026 This chapter will describe the main principles of mental health legislation with particular reference to UK law. While some of the detail discussed (e.g. par\u00adticular definitions or legislative act numbers) may not be relevant to international readers, legal frameworks across the globe are broadly similar. Information of mental health legislation in most countries is now easily available online. The latter part of the chapter will provide an overview of the relationship between mental disorders and crime.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198754008.003.0018","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T01:48:58Z","timestamp":1605059338000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatry and the law"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"McKnight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"container-title":["Psychiatry"],"original-title":["Psychiatry and the 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