{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":84868,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T06:06:16Z","timestamp":1672985176027},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Aarhus University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9788771849387","type":"electronic"},{"value":"9788771846263","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv34wmsz6.12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T20:35:54Z","timestamp":1672950954000},"page":"233-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cOur Forefathers\u2019 Old Rationalism\u201d:"],"prefix":"10.2307","author":[{"given":"Alderik","family":"Blom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1121","container-title":["Mythology and Nation Building"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T20:36:21Z","timestamp":1672950981000},"score":27.184362,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.2307\/j.ctv34wmsz6.12"}},"subtitle":["Rasmus Rask and Nordic Mythology"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"ISBN":["9788771849387","9788771846263"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctv34wmsz6.12","published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T17:34:05Z","timestamp":1725730445599},"publisher-location":"Dordrecht","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781402082641"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781402082658"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8265-8_201348","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T01:58:36Z","timestamp":1370829516000},"page":"1947-1947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rationalism"],"prefix":"10.1007","member":"297","container-title":["Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8265-8_201348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,10]],"date-time":"2013-06-10T01:59:10Z","timestamp":1370829550000},"score":26.25034,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8265-8_201348"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"ISBN":["9781402082641","9781402082658"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8265-8_201348","published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:15Z","timestamp":1760236035803,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This essay will compare myths found in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki with thematically and structurally similar Chinese myths, and other Japanese texts, in order to shed light on the meanings of both Japanese and Chinese mythology. The authors\u2019 approach is partly in the critical textual study tradition that traces back to Gu Jiegang and Tsuda Sokichi, and partly informed by comparative mythologists, such as Matsumae Takeshi, Nelly Naumann, and Antonio Klaus, with attention to Proppian and Levi-Straussian motifs in structural studies. First, we shall discuss some common themes in Chinese and Kojiki\/Nihon Shoki myths. Second, we shall point out common structures in both Chinese and Japanese myths. Finally, we shall try to show how such common themes and structures could potentially help us understand the meanings of the myths in discussion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel12100896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:31:26Z","timestamp":1634765486000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Kojiki\/Nihon Shoki Mythology and Chinese Mythology: Theme, Structure, and Meaning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/1178120","article-title":"Death and Transformation: The Presentation of Death in East and Southeast Asia","volume":"41","author":"Antoni","year":"1982","journal-title":"Asian Folklore Studies"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Antonio, Klaus (1982). 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Available online: https:\/\/ctext.org\/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=53597&remap=gb."}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/12\/10\/896\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:17:10Z","timestamp":1760167030000},"score":26.22722,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/12\/10\/896"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rel12100896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel12100896","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:50:15Z","timestamp":1760143815496,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this paper was to present the link between the myths in the plots of modern entertainment products, such as science fiction novels, movies, comic books and video games, with the motifs of New Religiosity. The plots employed in these products are of a mythical nature. This re-emergence of myth is once more taking centre stage today. The social sciences and humanities concerned with this phenomenon call it \u201cneomythology\u201d. Neomythology, in whatever form, as a comic book, video game, etc., shows gods and supernatural heroes or villains interacting with one another in certain ways. The ways these mythical elements are combined and displayed confirm that neomythology belongs to New Religiosity and repeats motifs of New Religions and New Age myths, such as the secularization of the absolute, that is to say, the placing of the transcendental element in the material and explainable world, the absolutisation not only of the acquisition of power but also those who bear it, the correlation of magic and technology, and the reuse and utilization of the mythology of the past and of traditional religious teachings, in order to produce a new myth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel13060536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neomythology: A New Religious Mythology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-4756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Xidakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Scholar, 11471 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"\u201cAltered Carbon\u201d (2021, November 30). 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This article analyzes the mythological underpinnings of Star Trek\u2019s historical treatment and approach to AI, from The Original Series to The Next Generation and up through the newest additions to the canon, Short Treks, and Picard. AI in Star Trek, like Data, the Doctor, and Zora, expresses qualities associated with divinity: superhuman strength, intelligence, and agelessness. These very qualities distinguish them from humans and bar them from considerations of personhood. Like the Greek gods of myth, AI can present as immortal, which fundamentally distinguishes it from mortal humans, as seen in the tensions between gods and humans in Homer\u2019s Odyssey and the Homeric Hymns. The ancient tension between mortal and immortal is manifested in the combative relationship between organic creator and artificial creation, a common sci-fi trope, that can lead to a cycle of fear and hostility evocative of the divine generational warfare in Hesiod\u2019s Theogony. The artificial\u2013organic tension resonates with the contemporary audience\u2019s conflicted experiences with evolving technologies and problematizes the show\u2019s presentation of the evolution of humanity into a posthuman existence. Just as mythology is used to consider humanity relative to the divine, narratives about AI are fertile ground to analyze what it means to be human and establish parameters for what is decidedly not human.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel15040436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1711892550000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Life, Divinity, and Mythology in Star Trek"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2780-2938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Norgard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Languages and Linguistics, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Porter, Jennifer E., and McLaren, Darcee L. (1999). 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Pomeroy.","key":"ref_68"},{"unstructured":"Wentzel, Rocki New Voices in Classical Reception Studies: Conference Proceedings, Available online: https:\/\/fass.open.ac.uk\/sites\/fass.open.ac.uk\/files\/files\/new-voices-journal\/proceedings\/volume2\/Paper_1.pdf.","key":"ref_69"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkler, Martin M. (2009). Cinema and Classical Texts: Apollo\u2019s New Light, Cambridge University Press.","key":"ref_70","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511575723"},{"unstructured":"Wosk, Julie (2015). My Fair Ladies: Female Robots, Androids, and Other Artificial Eves, Rutgers University Press.","key":"ref_71"}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/4\/436\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:21:43Z","timestamp":1760106103000},"score":24.428001,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/4\/436"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rel15040436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel15040436","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T16:13:09Z","timestamp":1725811989769},"edition-number":"0","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Routledge","isbn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"9781315739922"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]]},"DOI":"10.4324\/9781315739922-16","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T07:24:19Z","timestamp":1608881059000},"page":"153-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Roman Religions and Mythology"],"prefix":"10.4324","member":"301","container-title":["The Romans"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T20:58:42Z","timestamp":1618001922000},"score":24.227722,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9781317578451\/chapters\/10.4324\/9781315739922-16"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]]},"ISBN":["9781315739922"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315739922-16","published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T13:07:08Z","timestamp":1751375228348},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Chicago Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["History of Religions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/462820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]],"date-time":"2005-07-19T15:38:48Z","timestamp":1121787528000},"page":"269-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hindu Mythology and Its Evils<i>The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology<\/i>. Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty"],"prefix":"10.1086","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alf","family":"Hiltebeitel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"200","container-title":["History of Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1086\/462820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T07:24:16Z","timestamp":1523085856000},"score":23.849384,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/10.1086\/462820"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1086\/462820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/462820","ISSN":["0018-2710","1545-6935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-2710","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-6935","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1762272648675,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, I argue that the history of the study of myth in the Hebrew Bible has been, and continues to be, shaped in negative ways by an essentially Romantic Nationalist understanding of the relationship between a people and their traditions. I then argue that more appropriate ways of modeling the construction of the Bible\u2019s myths, combined with new investigations into the historical development of biblical traditions themselves, reveals a surprising continuity between the myth-making activity of biblical authors and editors and that of all those who retell and adapt biblical traditions in extrabiblical materials. I conclude that the existence of large-scale continuities between the adaptation of biblical traditions in different periods allows for a new kind of comparative investigation. By studying the use of biblical traditions in biblical literature, extrabiblical literature, and art, on approximately equal terms, we can gain new insights about the construction of biblical myths themselves, while connecting the study of the Hebrew Bible far more closely to the study of other bodies of tradition, elsewhere and later on.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel11090459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T09:03:48Z","timestamp":1599555828000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Hebrew Bible as Mythic \u201cVocabulary\u201d: Towards a New Comparative Mythology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Tobolowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Religious Studies, William &amp; Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/541344","article-title":"Phantoms of Romantic Nationalism in Folkloristics","volume":"106","author":"Abrahams","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of American Folklore"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Armstrong, Karen (2005). 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Kingship and Memory in Ancient Judah, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190499907.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/11\/9\/459\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1760177267000},"score":23.686045,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/11\/9\/459"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rel11090459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel11090459","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:32:00Z","timestamp":1774643520540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myths provide hagiographic and iconographic accounts of the gods, which shape rituals that are performed in cults associated with these gods. In the realization of iconographies and ritualization of narratives in myths, material objects play an active role. This article examines the pattern of worship in the cult of the Ah Pehs, a group of Underworld gods whose efficacy lies in the promise of occult wealth, and focuses on the material aspects such as offerings and paraphernalia associated with these gods. Though ritual texts and scriptures are absent in the Ah Peh cult, symbols in the form of material objects play a crucial role. These objects are also considered as synecdoche for the gods in certain cases. The first part of this paper presents a case study of the autonomous ritual of \u201cBurning Prosperity Money\u201d, which reveals the cycle of occult exchange between gods and devotees. The second part involves an imagery analysis of the material objects central to the cult, and argues that in the system of reciprocity with the gods, material objects common to the everyday life are reinterpreted and enchanted with a capitalist turn, resulting in the development of occult economies within the local Chinese religious sphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel11070363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T10:22:02Z","timestamp":1594981322000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Cult of the Underworld in Singapore: Mythology and Materiality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5173-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean Koon Lee","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Boon, G. 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In this context, the study examined Abdal Musa Velayetnamesi, Menak\u0131bu\u2019l Kudsiyye, Demir Baba Velayetname, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli Velayetname, Hac\u0131m Sultan Menak\u0131pname, Koyun Baba Velayetname, Otman Baba Velayetname, Salt\u0131kname, Seyyid Ali Sultan Velayetname, \u015euaceddin Veli Velayetname, and Veli Baba Menak\u0131pname. This study, which aims to reveal the animals featured in Alevi\u2013Bektashi menak\u0131pnames and the symbolic perceptions attributed to them, uses phenomenology (the study of phenomena) from qualitative research designs. Within the scope of the research, data was collected through secondary sources, and elements considered meaningful and thought to contain animal symbolism were identified and presented in the findings section through direct and indirect transfers. The analysis revealed that the following animals are used as symbolic animals in the aforementioned menak\u0131pnames and menk\u0131bes: horse, deer, sheep, ram, lion, wolf, dog, pig, crane, pigeon, rooster, snake\/dragon, salamander, crocodile, fish, and ox. Although animals such as wolves and sheep have taken on different functions and symbolic meanings under the influence of Islamic tradition, all other animals have retained their symbolic meanings in Turkish mythology in Alevi\u2013Bektashi legends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel17020155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:12:01Z","timestamp":1769677921000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Turkish Mythology to Alevi\u2013Bektashi Sacred Narratives: A Phenomenological Analysis of Animal Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haktan","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Turkish Language, Selcuk University, Konya 42100, T\u00fcrkiye"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Abiha, Birsel \u00c7a\u011flar (2020). 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Seyyid Ali Sultan (K\u0131z\u0131ldeli) ve Velayetnamesi, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"21","article-title":"Bilinmeyen bir Koyunbaba men\u00e2k\u0131bn\u00e2mesi \u00fczerine","volume":"11","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi"}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/17\/2\/155\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:20:07Z","timestamp":1769678407000},"score":23.12061,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/17\/2\/155"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rel17020155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel17020155","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-1444","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:03Z","timestamp":1760145903183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reinhold Niebuhr stands alone among many 20th century theorists of religion and politics for at once rejecting both the natural law tradition of just war, as well as the secular-rationalist tradition of his progressive contemporaries. Nowhere is his dual criticism more evident than in his critical stance on technology in war. For Niebuhr, technological advancements were not only inevitable, but sometimes necessary to develop in the face of advances from nefarious actors in world affairs. But using technologically advanced weapons risked destroying the moral authority of a nation by engaging in utilitarian calculus. Religious and military ethicists concerned with the integration of technological advancement in contemporary war would do well to consider Niebuhr\u2019s thought and how it might be developed further in order to address the new concerns raised not only by modern tools such as drones, hypersonic weapons, and AI, but also by whatever yet to be developed technologies remain past the temporal horizons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel15091080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1725534959000},"page":"1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Irony of Technological Warfare: Reinhold Niebuhr\u2019s Critique of Just War, Secular Rationalism, and Technological Progressivism in Military Weapons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke M.","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0602, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bingham, June (1961). Courage to Change: An Introduction to the Life and Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr, Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2346.12002","article-title":"The costs and consequences of drone warfare","volume":"89","author":"Boyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Affairs"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0892679414000070","article-title":"Drones and the international rule of law","volume":"28","author":"Brooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethics & International Affairs"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S0892679411000281","article-title":"The implications of drones on the just war tradition","volume":"25","author":"Brunstetter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethics & International Affairs"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1162\/isec_a_00431","article-title":"Why Drones Have Not Revolutionized War: The Enduring Hider-Finder Competition in Air Warfare","volume":"46","author":"Calcara","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Security"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"431","article-title":"Political and Theological Virtues in Augustine, Letter 155 to Macedonius","volume":"54","author":"Dodaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Augustiniana"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Fox, Richard Wightman (1985). Reinhold Neibuhr: A Biography, Pantheon Books."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/dh\/dht089","article-title":"The Prophetic Conflict: Reinhold Niebuhr, Christian Realism, and World War II","volume":"38","author":"Inboden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diplomatic History"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/15027570.2023.2175887","article-title":"The AI Commander Problem: Ethical, Political, and Psychological Dilemmas of Human-Machine Interactions in AI-enabled Warfare","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Military Ethics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/15027570.2010.536401","article-title":"Ethical Blowback from Emerging Technologies","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Military Ethics"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Luban, David (2024, September 01). What Would Augustine Do? The President, Drones, and Just War Theory. Boston Review, Available online: https:\/\/www.bostonreview.net\/articles\/david-luban-the-president-drones-augustine-just-war-theory\/."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"681","article-title":"Targeted killing and accountability","volume":"102","author":"McNeal","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Georgetown Law Review"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, Gregory J. (2020). Niebuhrian International Relations: The Ethics of Foreign Policymaking, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197500446.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0040571X4004023602","article-title":"Christian Faith and Natural Law","volume":"40","author":"Niebuhr","year":"1940","journal-title":"Theology"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chastisement Unto Repentance or Death","volume":"7","author":"Niebuhr","year":"1942","journal-title":"Christianity and Society"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Niebuhr, Reinhold (1945). The Atomic Bomb. Christianity and Society, Fellowship of Socialist Christians."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Niebuhr, Reinhold (1950). The Hydrogen Bomb. Christianity and Society, Fellowship of Socialist Christians."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Niebuhr, Reinhold (1952). Christianity and Power Politics, Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Niebuhr, Reinhold (1953). Christian Realism and Political Problems, Scribner & Sons."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niebuhr, Reinhold (2008). Irony of American History, University of Chicago Press.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226583990.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson, Eric (2008). Reinhold Niebuhr, Christian Realism, and Just War Theory. Christianity and Power Politics Today, Palgrave MacMillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230610538"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Pieper, Josef (2006). The Four Cardinal Virtues: Human Agency, Intellectual Traditions, and Responsible Knowledge, University of Notre Dame Press."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Ramsey, Paul (2002). The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility, Rowman & Littlefield."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Rasmussen, Larry (1989). Reinhold Niebuhr, Augsburg Fortress Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice, Daniel F. (1993). Reinhold Niebuhr and John Dewey: An American Odyssey, State University of New York Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.18252586"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Robertson, D. B. (1992). Love and Justice, Westminster John Knox Press."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1017\/S1752971910000072","article-title":"The (classical) realist vision of global reform","volume":"2","author":"Scheuerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Theory"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/15027570.2023.2213985","article-title":"Autonomous AI Systems in Conflict: Emergent Behavior and Its Impact on Predictability and Reliability","volume":"22","author":"Trusilo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Military Ethics"}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/9\/1080\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:49:19Z","timestamp":1760111359000},"score":22.959526,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/9\/1080"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rel15091080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel15091080","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T03:13:21Z","timestamp":1649214801351},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"University of Chicago Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["History of Religions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,12]]},"DOI":"10.1086\/462508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,19]],"date-time":"2005-07-19T15:42:43Z","timestamp":1121787763000},"page":"295-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Climactic Times in Indian Mythology and Religion"],"prefix":"10.1086","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Wayman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"200","container-title":["History of Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1086\/462508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T04:56:53Z","timestamp":1523077013000},"score":22.704514,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/10.1086\/462508"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1965,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1086\/462508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/462508","ISSN":["0018-2710","1545-6935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-2710","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-6935","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1965,12]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:43:34Z","timestamp":1760143414021,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article analyzes the mythological concept of Slavic paganism developed by Alexander Afanas\u2019ev in his three-volume study Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature: An Attempt at a Comparative Study of Slavic Traditions and Beliefs in Connection with the Mythical Tales of Other Related Peoples (1865\u20131869). In this book, Afanas\u2019ev established numerous parallels between the pagan myths of the Slavs and other Indo-European peoples and reconstructed mythological images of the world tree, the tree of life, and the world egg. He also reconstructed myths about the sacred marriage between heaven and earth; the creation of the world from the body of the first man and the creation of man from the natural elements; the dying and resurrected god of vegetation and fertility; and the duel between the god of thunderstorms and his earthly adversary; as well as dualistic myths about the struggle between the forces of light and the forces of darkness and about the creation of the earth. Afanas\u2019ev also explored enduring metaphorical pairs such as death\u2013dream, battle\u2013wedding feast, thunderstorm\u2013battle, and so on. Depending on the readers\u2019 points of view, they can appreciate the book as a grandiose compendium of folklore and historical-ethnographic materials; as a scholarly work devoted to Slavic mythology; as a symbolarium of folk culture; and as a beautiful fairy tale about the pagan past. Although Afanas\u2019ev\u2019s book has all the attributes of a scholarly publication, it can also be read as a work of fiction in which the author does not so much analyze mythology as he tries to present the point of view of a primitive poet\u2013artist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel15020206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T03:36:17Z","timestamp":1707363377000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Afanas\u2019ev\u2019s Poetic Views of the Slavs\u2019 on Nature and Its Role in Understanding Paganism and Mythology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Toporkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gorky Institute of the World Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences, 121069 Moscow, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1865). Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu: Opyt sravnitel\u2019nogo izucheniia slavianskikh predanii i verovanii, v sviazi s mificheskimi skazaniiami drugikh rodstvennykh narodov [Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature: An Attempt at Comparative Study of Slavic Traditions and Beliefs in Connection with the Mythical Tales of Other Related Peoples], K. Soldatenkov."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1868). Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu: Opyt sravnitel\u2019nogo izucheniia slavianskikh predanii i verovanii, v sviazi s mificheskimi skazaniiami drugikh rodstvennykh narodov [Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature: An Attempt at Comparative Study of Slavic Traditions and Beliefs in Connection with the Mythical Tales of Other Related Peoples], K. Soldatenkov."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1869). Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu: Opyt sravnitel\u2019nogo izucheniia slavianskikh predanii i verovanii, v sviazi s mificheskimi skazaniiami drugikh rodstvennykh narodov [Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature: An Attempt at Comparative Study of Slavic Traditions and Beliefs in Connection with the Mythical Tales of Other Related Peoples], K. Soldatenkov."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1983). Drzevo zhizni [Tree of Life], Sovremennik."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1988). Zhivaia voda i veshchee slovo [Living Water and Prophetic Word], Sov. Rossiia."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Afanas\u2019ev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1996). Proiskhozhdenie mifa: Stat\u2019i po fol\u2019kloru, etnografii i mifologii [Origin of Myth: Articles on Folklore, Ethnography and Mythology], Indrik."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Kolchin, D. S. (2018). Germanskaia mifologiia [Deutsche Mythology], Izdatel\u2019skii dom YaSK."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"157","article-title":"O nauchnom iasnovidenii Afanas\u2019eva, skazochnika i fol\u2019klorista [About the scientific clairvoyance of Afanas\u2019ev, storyteller and folklorist]","volume":"1","author":"Ivanov","year":"1982","journal-title":"Literaturnaia ucheba [Literary Studies]"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"104","article-title":"Iz literaturnoi perepiski Kavelina (1847\u20131884)\/S predisloviem i primech. D. A. Korsakova [From Kavelin\u2019s literary correspondence (1847\u20131884)\/Preface and notes by D. A. Korsakov]","volume":"1","author":"Kavelin","year":"1892","journal-title":"Russkaia Mysl\u2019"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Zhivago, I. M. (1863). Sravnitel\u2019naia mifologiia [Comparative Mythology], Tipografiia Gracheva i K."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"84","article-title":"A. N. Afanas\u2019ev i brat\u2019ia Grimm [A. N. Afanas\u2019ev and the Brothers Grimm]","volume":"6","author":"Pomerantseva","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sovetskaia Etnografiia"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Pypin, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1891). Istoriia russkoi etnografii [History of Russian Ethnography], Tipografiia M. M. Stasiulevicha."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph (1966). Filosofiia iskusstva [The Philosophy of Art], Mysl\u2019."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Toporkov, Andrey L\u2019vovich (1997). Teoriia mifa v russkoi filologicheskoi nauke XIX veka [The Theory of Myth in Russian Philology of the Nineteenth Century], Indrik."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Toporkov, Andrey L\u2019vovich (2000). A.N. Afanas\u2019ev. \u00abPoeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu\u00bb. Spravochno-bibliograficheskie materialy [On the Sources of \u201cPoetic Views of the Slavs on Nature.\u201d Reference and Bibliographic Materials], Indrik."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Zhuravlev, Anatolii Fedorovich (2005). Iazyk i mif. Lingvisticheskii kommentarii k trudu A.N. Afanas\u2019eva \u00abPoeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu\u00bb [Language and Myth. Linguistic Commentary on A.N. Afanas\u2019ev\u2019s Work \u201cPoetic Views of the Slavs on Nature\u201d], Indrik."}],"container-title":["Religions"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/2\/206\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:56:54Z","timestamp":1760104614000},"score":22.704514,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/15\/2\/206"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rel15020206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel15020206","ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:28:16Z","timestamp":1767896896972,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"London","edition-number":"1","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Routledge","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781003764311","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"DOI":"10.4324\/9781003764311-31","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:26:53Z","timestamp":1767875213000},"page":"188-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mythology and the History of Religions"],"prefix":"10.4324","author":[{"given":"Mircea","family":"Eliade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","container-title":["Mircea Eliade"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:26:59Z","timestamp":1767875219000},"score":22.452705,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9781003764311\/chapters\/10.4324\/9781003764311-31"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"ISBN":["9781003764311"],"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003764311-31","published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]}}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":"Religions.+Mythology.+Rationalism"}}}