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Togola A. Djihinto A. C. Dourokpindou O. K. Akogbeto M. 2019. Survey of potential insect vectors of Rice yellow mottle virus in the southern and central rice basin of Benin.Journal of Applied Biosciences 13313504-13515. DOI: 10.4314\/jab.v133i1.3","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v133i1.3"}],"container-title":["CABI Compendium"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T09:29:52Z","timestamp":1734600592000},"score":46.27481,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cabidigitallibrary.org\/doi\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.48087"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"references-count":1,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabicompendium.48087","published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1778150258221,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Sciencedomain International","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JALSI"],"DOI":"10.9734\/jalsi\/2017\/37912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T08:31:18Z","timestamp":1512376278000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Review Work on How to Differentiate the Longhorn Grasshoppers Ruspolia differens and Ruspolia nitidula (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)"],"prefix":"10.9734","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nicodemus","family":"Matojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4694","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"container-title":["Journal of Applied Life Sciences International"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.sciencedomain.org\/download\/MjIxMzFAQHBm.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T09:16:36Z","timestamp":1663924596000},"score":33.769924,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journaljalsi.com\/index.php\/JALSI\/article\/view\/72"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/jalsi\/2017\/37912","ISSN":["2394-1103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2394-1103","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T04:10:46Z","timestamp":1746159046819,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Medwin Publishers","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IZAB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This  work  reviewed  t h e  behavioural,  morphological  and  molecular  characteristics  of  the  lo n g - h o rned g r a ss h opp e r R u s po l i a d i f f e r e n s  S e r v i l le or  \u201c s en en e \u201d  i n S wa h i li name  ( O r t h op t e ra T e t t i g o n ii da e ),  as  apparent  in  literature.  On  that  basis,  the  work has generated a comprehensive key for identification of this species. As widely known,  this insect native  to  Afro - tropical  region  where  it  is  widely  edible  and  it  ha s  a  characteristic  s w a rm i n g  behaviour  that  strikingly  occurs  during  rainy  season.  Also,  it  has  c o l ou r  polymorphism   with   a   total  of   six   key   sympatric   colour   forms,  sex d i m o r p hi sm with m al e s  possessing longer antennae and  a u n i q u e  pair o f  active  tongue - like  m e t a t h o r a c i c  f l a p s whereas the females have a corresponding pair of vestigial metathoracic nodules. Furthermore, t he species has a  pair of  distinct  subequal  black  markings  on  the  mid  and  hind  tibia  near  the  knee  joint  and  a  white  inter - ocular  oval  mark  that  appears  like  a  s imple  eye. Its  sister  species  which  is  Ruspolia nitidula S c o p o l i as  verified  by  molecular  phylogenetics i s e xc l u s i v e l y  s ol i t a r y ,  mostly  g r e en i sh an d P a l ea rc t i c  r an g i n g  i n  A s i a ,  E u r op e  a n d  N o r t h e r n A f r i c a. Since  swarming  behaviour  is  a  foremost  diagnostic  feature  differentiating  R.  differens  from  other  coneheads,  it  is  worthwhile  to  demarcate the species with a common name \u201cSwarming Conehead\u201d adding to the existed names.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.23880\/izab-16000200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T07:34:50Z","timestamp":1605944090000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comprehensive Key for Identification of the \u201cSwarming  Conehead\u201d  Ruspolia Differens  Serville, 1838 (Orthoptera:  Tettigoniidae) Occurring in the Afro - Tropical Region"],"prefix":"10.23880","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Matojo","family":"ND","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"9969","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology"],"original-title":["A Comprehensive Key for Identification of the \u201cSwarming  Conehead\u201d  Ruspolia Differens  Serville, 1838 (Orthoptera:  Tettigoniidae) Occurring in the Afro - Tropical Region"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T07:34:53Z","timestamp":1605944093000},"score":33.56403,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medwinpublishers.com\/IZAB\/a-comprehensive-key-for-identification-of-the-swarming-conehead-ruspolia-differens-serville-1838-orthoptera-tettigoniidae-occurring-in-the-afro-tropical-region.pdf"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23880\/izab-16000200","ISSN":["2639-216X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2639-216X"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:47:55Z","timestamp":1726188475518},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4944668","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T14:45:49Z","timestamp":1726065949000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rheological, Physical Properties and Long-Term Acceptability of Wheat and Wheat-Sorghum Biscuits Fortified with Longhorn Grasshopper (Ruspolia Differens) Powder"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Amos","family":"Ronoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte  Atsango","family":"Serrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Tumwebaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrude  Mercy","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"journal-title":"The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. 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Insects Food Feed"},{"journal-title":"Values with the same superscript on the same column are not significantly different at (p?0.05) as assessed by Fisher's least significant difference","key":"ref110"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T14:50:43Z","timestamp":1726152643000},"score":30.114063,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=4944668"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":110,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4944668","published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:31:39Z","timestamp":1717547499367},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"group-title":"SSRN","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4853700","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T21:58:16Z","timestamp":1717538296000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Descriptive and Rapid Sensory Profiling of Wheat and Wheat-Sorghum Biscuits Fortified with Longhorn Grasshopper (Ruspolia Differens) Powder"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"given":"Amos","family":"Ronoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte  Atsango","family":"Serrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan  Balaba","family":"Tumwebaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrude  Mercy","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T21:58:17Z","timestamp":1717538297000},"score":29.325108,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=4853700"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4853700","published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:54:16Z","timestamp":1715583256008},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IntechOpen","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781789841657","type":"print"},{"value":"9781789841664","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixing of diets is a notable dietary practice that is believed to improve performance-related characteristics such as growth, survival rate and egg-laying potential among insect herbivores. However, currently there is limited information regarding the performance of edible insects either on artificial and natural diets or their mixtures. This chapter reviewed recent literature on performance of a seasonally harvested and a widely consumed edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) reared on various artificial and natural diets. Our aim is to highlight diets and diet mixtures that results in the highest R. differens production. The results of the review show that R. differens performs better on mixed diets than on single or less diversified diets. In all reviewed studies, edible grasshoppers fed mixed diets either of natural plants or artificial diets achieved highest final weights, highest survival, highest fecundity and fastest development times than less diversified diets. The information is useful in designing technologies for large-scale rearing program for this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.100552","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T13:46:40Z","timestamp":1635169600000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed Diets Enhance Edible Grasshopper, <i>Ruspolia differens<\/i> (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Performance during Mass Rearing"],"prefix":"10.5772","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Maxwell Malinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Opoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlmax","family":"Rutaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3774","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miura, K., & Ohsaki, N. 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In this study, we evaluated the effect of ten locally available agro-wastes in Uganda, namely finger millet local brew (  maluwa  ) waste, cotton seed cake, dry maize cob, soybean cake, sunflower cake, pumpkin pulp, peelings of unripe banana, cassava, sweet potato, pineapple and pumpkin on growth performance of edible grasshopper,  Ruspolia differens  (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). We tested the effects of these diets on the survival, developmental time, and adult weight of  R. differens  while germinated finger millet was used as a control. The nymphal survival, nymphal development time, adult fresh weight at emergence and fresh weight 14 days after adult emergence of  R. differens  differed considerably among the studied diets. The highest nymphal survival was observed in germinated finger millet, control (96.7%), followed by soybean cake (16.7%), dry maize cob (10%) and local brew waste (10%). No  R. differens  nymph survived to adult on the other diets. Among the agro-wastes, nymphal development time was shortest under soy cake and longest under local brew waste. The nymphal development time also differed significantly between the sexes. The male  R. differens  matured earlier than their female counterparts. Local brew waste and soybean cake produced the highest adult fresh weight at adult emergence and 14 days after adult emergence, respectively. However, the adult fresh weight did not significantly differ between the sexes. Our results demonstrate that locally available and cheap agricultural by-products such as local brew waste, soy cake and dry maize cob could potentially be utilized for rearing  R. differens.  Further research is needed to examine how these by-products can be used as a dietary supplement for existing artificial feeds to reduce the cost of future mass-rearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4261703","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T22:20:04Z","timestamp":1668032404000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Selected Agricultural By-Products as Potential Feeds for the Rearing of Edible Grasshopper, Ruspolia Differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)"],"prefix":"10.2139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-6791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amos","family":"Acur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoffrey  Maxwell","family":"Malinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael  Hillary","family":"Otim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-8587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip","family":"Nyeko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:12:20Z","timestamp":1786695140000},"score":28.920164,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ssrn.com\/abstract=4261703"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4261703","published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:37:03Z","timestamp":1773812223753,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The edible katydid, Ruspolia differens (Serville), is an economically and nutritionally important insect species that is common and widespread in Africa. Currently, there are aims to develop mass-rearing methods suitable for this species, but a critical first step would require a suitable oviposition medium to ensure economic and easy production of eggs with high hatchability. The objective of the present study was to determine the oviposition preference and egg hatchability in different oviposition media. Based on preliminary testing of a wide range of different materials, two oviposition media, namely, artificial (folded plastic cloth) and natural medium (leaf sheath of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach attached to a stem), were selected for a detailed experiment. A two-choice laboratory experiment was conducted in which R. differens females were able to select between the folded plastic cloth (one side covered with short fleece) and a leaf sheath of P. purpureum (wrapped in polyester fiber). The results show that R. differens laid almost three times more eggs on the plastic cloth (mean \u00b1 SE, 169.3 \u00b1 18.0) than on the natural substrate, P. purpurem (69.0 \u00b1 13.9). However, the hatchability (overall mean% \u00b1 SE, 56.5 \u00b1 4.7) of eggs in the two media did not differ. Folded plastic cloth, therefore, provided a more effective medium for egg laying by R. differens, and is thus a promising oviposition medium for getting natural populations to start laying eggs in future mass rearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1556133330000},"page":"2157-2160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Developing Mass Egg-Laying Medium for the Edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey M","family":"Malinga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilma J","family":"Lehtovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Nyeko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Roininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0001","first-page":"319","article-title":"Commercialisation of Ruspolia nitidula (Nsenene grasshoppers) in Central Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Agea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0002","first-page":"169","article-title":"On the biology of Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Brits","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phytophylactica"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300049920","article-title":"Laboratory culture of a tettigoniid, Homorocoryphus nitidulus vicinus (VLK.) (Orthoptera)","volume":"57","author":"Hartley","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01181.x","article-title":"Egg development patterns in diapausing and non-diapausing species of Ruspolia","volume":"49","author":"Hartley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153704","article-title":"Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security","volume":"58","author":"van Huis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.06.004","article-title":"The high level of protein content reported in insects for food and feed is overestimated","volume":"62","author":"Jonas-Levi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0007","volume-title":"The biology of Homorocoryphus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Uganda. M.Sc. thesis","author":"Karuhize","year":"1968"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0008","first-page":"32","article-title":"Nutritional potential of longhorn grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) consumed in Siaya district, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Kinyuru","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0009","article-title":"The role of edible insects in diets and nutrition in East Africa. pp. 93\u2013108","volume-title":"Edible insects in sustainable food systems.","author":"Kinyuru","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2017.0018","article-title":"The fatty acid contents of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens can be manipulated using artificial diets","volume":"3","author":"Lehtovaara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0011","first-page":"2652","article-title":"Optimal temperature for rearing the edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)","volume":"111","author":"Lehtovaara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0012","first-page":"310","article-title":"The linkages between land use change, land degradation and biodiversity across East Africa","volume":"3","author":"Maitima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr. J. Environ. Sci"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-018-0550-3","article-title":"Diet acceptance and preference of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)","volume":"53","author":"Malinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-018-0548-x","article-title":"Mixed artificial diets enhance the developmental and reproductive performance of the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)","volume":"53","author":"Malinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.524.5990","article-title":"Taxonomy and distribution of some katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from tropical Africa","volume":"524","author":"Massa","year":"2015","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/JALSI\/2017\/37912","article-title":"A review work on how to differentiate the longhorn grasshopper, Ruspolia differens and Ruspolia nitidula (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)","volume":"15","author":"Matojo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Life Sci. Int"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2016.0051","article-title":"Local knowledge and practices on use and management of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin, East Africa","volume":"3","author":"Okia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutaro, K., G. M. Malinga, V. J. Lehtovaara, R. Opoke, P. Nyeko, H. Roininen, and A. Valtonen. 2018. Fatty acid content and composition in edible Ruspolia differens feeding on mixtures of natural food plants. BMC res. notes. 11: 687.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0019","first-page":"876","article-title":"Nutritional value of four common edible insects in Zambia","volume":"3","author":"Siulapwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2018.0005","article-title":"Suitability of egg hatching conditions and commonly available food plants for rearing the long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)","volume":"4","author":"Ssepuuya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect Food Feed"},{"key":"2019092314114582700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/00128325.1964.11661943","article-title":"The bush-cricket, Homorocoryphus nitidulus Vicinus Walker (Tettigoniidae)","volume":"29","author":"Swaine","year":"1964","journal-title":"E. Afr. Agr. Forestry J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Economic Entomology"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jee\/toz124\/28689831\/toz124.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article-pdf\/112\/5\/2157\/30045056\/toz124.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T18:12:13Z","timestamp":1569262333000},"score":28.3613,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jee\/article\/112\/5\/2157\/5496742"}},"editor":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Neven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toz124","ISSN":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0493","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-291X","type":"electronic"}],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T11:00:32Z","timestamp":1766401232366},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Natural History"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/00222937800770061a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,16]],"date-time":"2010-12-16T21:08:50Z","timestamp":1292533730000},"page":"81-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Laboratory studies of a tettigoniid (Insecta: Orthoptera)<i>Ruspolia differens<\/i>(Serville): colour polymorphism"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"D.J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02151264"},{"key":"CIT0002","first-page":"171","volume":"37","author":"Bailey W.J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. Noire"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(71)80022-2"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300012670"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300049920"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.55.1.165","volume":"55","author":"Hartley J.C.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol."},{"key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.60.3.821","volume":"60","author":"Lewis D.B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. exp. Biol."},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/198201b0"},{"key":"CIT0009","first-page":"55","volume":"22","author":"Owen D.F.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"CIT0010","first-page":"346","volume":"80","author":"Owen D.F.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Revue Zool. Bot. afr."},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"48","volume":"47","author":"Rowell C.H.F.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anti-Locust Bull."},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60197-6"},{"key":"CIT0013","first-page":"252","volume":"90","author":"Verdier M.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Natural History"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00222937800770061a","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T19:02:05Z","timestamp":1637002925000},"score":28.278328,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00222937800770061a"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/00222937800770061a"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222937800770061a","ISSN":["0022-2933","1464-5262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2933","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5262","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,2]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T02:27:19Z","timestamp":1792376839888,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Biodiversity Heritage Library","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,30]]},"DOI":"10.5962\/p.140826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T23:46:21Z","timestamp":1746488781000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characteristics of swarming in the African edible bush-cricket Ruspolia Differens (Serville) (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea)"],"prefix":"10.5962","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Angus W.R.","family":"McCrae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33859","container-title":["Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T23:46:22Z","timestamp":1746488782000},"score":28.241674,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/part\/140826"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,30]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5962\/p.140826","ISSN":["0012-8317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-8317","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,12,30]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T19:45:54Z","timestamp":1783712754532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"CABI Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cabidigitallibrary.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CABI Agric Biosci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products constitute an enormous pool of unused and often neglected resources that could be productively utilized for rearing edible insects to meet the global demand for animal-based protein. Utilizing such products as feedstocks can lower the cost of edible insect production and reduce associated environmental pollution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated the biology (survival, developmental duration, and adult fresh weight) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ruspolia differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      reared on eleven locally available agricultural by-products in Uganda, namely; dry maize cob, waste from a locally brewed finger millet drink, cotton seed cake, soybean hull meal, sunflower cake, pumpkin pulp, peelings of unripe banana, cassava, sweet potato, pineapple and pumpkin. Germinated finger millet was used as a control. Newly hatched (1\u00a0day old) nymphs were reared individually on each diet until 14\u00a0days post adult emergence. The nutritional profiles of the by-products were also determined. General linear models were fitted to analyse whether\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      performance differed between sexes and among diets. The relationship between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      performance and the nutritional profiles of the diets were tested by Pearson correlation coefficient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only three test diets (soybean hull meal, dry maize cob, and the local brew waste) supported survival till the adult stage. Nymphal survival negatively correlated with diets\u2019 crude fibre content (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.96,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). Nymphal development duration significantly differed among the diets, with the shortest duration under soybean hull meal (approx. 138\u00a0days) and the longest under the local brew waste (205\u00a0days). Nymphal development duration positively correlated with diets\u2019 crude fibre content (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). Adult fresh weight at emergence and 14\u00a0days post emergence did not differ across the test diets. Female individuals were\u2009~\u20091.3 times heavier than males 14\u00a0days post emergence, although both sexes had similar weights at adult emergence. The levels of secondary metabolites in the diets were not associated with any growth performance parameters of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      can thrive and develop on some agricultural by-products. The results could guide the design of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. differens<\/jats:italic>\n                      mass-rearing programs using locally available agricultural by-products.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-023-00203-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T03:01:59Z","timestamp":1704337319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/cabi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of selected agricultural by-products as potential feeds for rearing edible grasshopper,\n                    <i>Ruspolia differens<\/i>\n                    (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)"],"prefix":"10.1079","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amos","family":"Acur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism Makerere University \rP.O. 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Agric., Washington D.C."},{"key":"CIT0065","first-page":"96","author":"Waloff Z.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anti-Locust Bull."},{"key":"CIT0066","volume-title":"Klimadiagramm Weltatlas: Afrika","author":"Walter H.","year":"1957"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1952.0011"},{"key":"CIT0068","first-page":"74","volume":"2","author":"Williams A.W.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Uganda J., E.A."},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.02.010157.001115"}],"container-title":["Journal of Natural History"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00222937800770151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T15:45:54Z","timestamp":1707320754000},"score":26.996208,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00222937800770151"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/00222937800770151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222937800770151","ISSN":["0022-2933","1464-5262"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2933","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5262","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,6]]}},{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1776155195667,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":35,"publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p>Background\n Food safety is a major public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Ready-to-eat street-vended foods contribute to daily dietary life, but with elevated food safety burden. Here, hygiene and food safety practices as well as the microbial contamination in Uganda's edible grasshopper value chain was evaluated.\nMethods\n This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A face-to-face administered questionnaire and observational checklists were used to collect data. A total of 29 households (Kampala; 12 and Masaka; 17) participated, and grasshopper samples collected along the value chain. Indicator pathogens were analysed using standard microbiological methods.\nResults\n Sociodemographic characteristics reveal that two-thirds of households in Kampala and 53% in Masaka were female headed. In Kampala and Masaka, respectively, 50% and 12% of households had earth or sand floors. All households in Kampala were one or two-roomed dwellings with no separate room as a kitchen, and shared a toilet compared to 43%, 65% and 53%, respectively, in Masaka. 83% households in Kampala and 56% in Masaka obtained drinking water from public taps. Handwashing was inadequate and none of the actors was observed to wash their hands after taking a break or handling waste. Only 8.3% respondents had raised racks for drying utensils. For vendors, wearing protective clothing was not common, with only 28.5% in Kampala and 30.8% in Masaka wearing an apron. Containers for vending grasshoppers were largely uncovered and the utensils (spoon or cup) for measuring the grasshoppers were left mainly uncovered during the observation period. Indicator organisms, <italic>E. coli<\/italic> and <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic>, were detected. <italic>E. coli<\/italic> was the most common contaminant, but with lower levels in Masaka compared to Kampala. <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> was mainly a burden in Kampala.\nConclusions\n Our findings demonstrate that there are enormous contributors to poor hygiene and sanitation along the value chain. The existence of pathogenic bacteria such as <italic>E. coli<\/italic> in ready-to-eat foods imply that their consumption pose a health risk. There is an urgent need to create awareness among the actors,through regular trainings on food safety and personal hygiene practices in food handling and inspection to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2275593\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T20:09:38Z","timestamp":1669666178000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Value Chain Hygiene Practices and Microbial Contamination of Street and Market Vended Ready-to-Eat grasshopper, Ruspolia differens in Uganda: Implications for food safety and public health"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Karlmax","family":"Rutaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hawumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Nakimuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Mulindwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Malinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulu University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhona","family":"Baingana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8761","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Regional consultation on safe street foods","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO. Regional consultation on safe street foods. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2012."},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Review Article Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Steyn NP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steyn NP, Mchiza Z, Hill J, Davids YD, Venter I, Hinrichsen E, et al. Review Article Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review. 2013;17:1363\u201374."},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Looking at edible insects from a food safety perspective","author":"FAO","year":"2021","unstructured":"FAO. Looking at edible insects from a food safety perspective. Challenges and opportunities for the sector; 2021."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"55","article-title":"Street Vended Foods: Potential for Improving Food and Nutrition Security or a Risk Factor for Foodborne Diseases in Developing Countries ? Curr Rendsearch Nutr a Food Sci","volume":"05","author":"Imathiu S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Imathiu S. Street Vended Foods: Potential for Improving Food and Nutrition Security or a Risk Factor for Foodborne Diseases in Developing Countries ? Curr Rendsearch Nutr a Food Sci. 2017;05:55\u201365."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"178","article-title":"Food safety and hygiene practices of vendors during the chain of street food production in Florianopolis, Brazil : A cross-sectional study","volume":"62","author":"Cortese, Dal RM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cortese, Dal RM, Boro M, Feldman C, Barletto S. Food safety and hygiene practices of vendors during the chain of street food production in Florianopolis, Brazil : A cross-sectional study. 2016;62:178\u201386."},{"key":"ref6","author":"Hill J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill J, Mchiza Z, Puoane T, Steyn NP, Hill J, Mchiza Z, et al. 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Food Microbiol. 2017;62:15\u201322.","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.41.1.3309","article-title":"Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa","volume":"41","author":"Niassy S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niassy S, Omuse ER, Roos N, Halloran A, Eilenberg J, Egonyu JP, et al. Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa. Rev Sci Tech l\u2019OIE. 2022;41:117\u201331.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech l\u2019OIE"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108527","article-title":"Current knowledge on the microbiota of edible insects intended for human consumption: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"125","author":"Garofalo C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garofalo C, Milanovi\u0107 V, Cardinali F, Aquilanti L, Clementi F, Osimani A. Current knowledge on the microbiota of edible insects intended for human consumption: A state-of-the-art review. Food Res Int. 2019;125:108527.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"83","article-title":"Local knowledge and practices on use and management of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin","volume":"3","author":"Okia CA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okia CA, Odongo W, Nzabamwita P, Ndimubandi J, Nalika N, Nyeko P. Local knowledge and practices on use and management of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin. East Afr. 2017;3:83\u201393.","journal-title":"East Afr"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Marketing of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin: the case of Uganda and Burundi","volume":"1","author":"Odongo W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Odongo W, Okia CA, Nalika N, Nzabamwita PH, Ndimubandi J, Nyeko P. Marketing of edible insects in Lake Victoria basin: the case of Uganda and Burundi. J Insects as Food Feed. 2018;1:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Insects as Food Feed"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2018.09.005","article-title":"Microbial characterisation of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens in raw condition after wild-harvesting in Uganda","volume":"77","author":"Ssepuuya G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ssepuuya G, Wynants E, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Claes J, et al. Microbial characterisation of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens in raw condition after wild-harvesting in Uganda. Food Microbiol. 2019;77:106\u201317. doi:10.1016\/j.fm.2018.09.005.","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","author":"Ng\u2019ang\u2019a J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng\u2019ang\u2019a J, Imathiu S, Fombong F, Ayieko M, Vanden Broeck J, Kinyuru J. Microbial quality of edible grasshoppers Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): From wild harvesting to fork in the Kagera Region, Tanzania., 39(1), e12. J Food Saf. 2019."},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Industrial rearing of edible insects could be a major source of new biological invasions","author":"Bang Alok and Courchamp Franck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bang Alok and Courchamp Franck. Industrial rearing of edible insects could be a major source of new biological invasions. 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Microbiological analysis of domestic water sources in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda. J Water Sanit Hyg Dev. 2021;11:676\u201386.","journal-title":"J Water Sanit Hyg Dev"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Exploring livelihoods of the urban poor in household contextual analysis","author":"Dimanin P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dimanin P. Exploring livelihoods of the urban poor in household contextual analysis. December; 2012."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"37","article-title":"The Effect of Urbanisation on the Housing Conditions of the Urban Poor in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"3","author":"Mukiibi S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mukiibi S. The Effect of Urbanisation on the Housing Conditions of the Urban Poor in Kampala, Uganda. Second Int Conf Adv Eng Technol. 2012;3:37\u201342. https:\/\/www.mak.ac.ug\/documents\/Makfiles\/aet2011\/Mukiibi.pdf.","journal-title":"Second Int Conf Adv Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa011","article-title":"Characteristics of sanitation and hygiene facilities in a slum community in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"13 March","author":"Ssemugabo C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ssemugabo C, Wafula ST, Ndejjo R, Osuret J, Musoke D. Characteristics of sanitation and hygiene facilities in a slum community in Kampala, Uganda. 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Salmonella in Wild Birds Utilizing Protected and Human Impacted Habitats. Uganda Ecohealth. 2016;13:558\u201369.","journal-title":"Uganda Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease","author":"Kumpitsch C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumpitsch C, Koskinen K, Sch\u00f6pf V, Moissl-eichinger C. The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease. BMC Biol. 2019;:1\u201320.","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"14","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance, Public Health Significance, and Economic Impact of Staphylococcus Aureus : A Comprehensive Review","volume":"8","author":"Pal M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pal M, Kerorsa GB, Marami LM, Kandi V, Epidemiology, Pathogenicity AI. Antibiotic Resistance, Public Health Significance, and Economic Impact of Staphylococcus Aureus : A Comprehensive Review. Am J Public Heal Res. 2020;8:14\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Public Heal Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10050907","article-title":"Salmonella, food safety and food handling practices","volume":"10","author":"Ehuwa O","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ehuwa O, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Salmonella, food safety and food handling practices. Foods. 2021;10.","journal-title":"Foods"}],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-2275593\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-2275593\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T06:07:20Z","timestamp":1710655640000},"score":26.996208,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-2275593\/v1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2275593\/v1","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25614","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:55:05Z","timestamp":1789836905519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]],"date-time":"2017-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VLIR-UOS","award":["ZEIN2016PR426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZEIN2016PR426"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The longhorn grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Serville), plays an important role as a food source across Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is consumed as a delicacy in both rural and urban areas. The effect of two drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying), employed after blanching, on the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of the two most common morphs was determined. Ruspolia differens grasshoppers were harvested in Uganda and Kenya from wild swarms during the rainy periods of November\u2013December 2016. Based on cuticular coloration, we identified three morphs, green, brown and purple, which occurred at a ratio of 65:33:2, respectively. Results indicated that these insects have a high lipid content of 36%, as well as significant protein levels ranging between 33% and 46% dry matter. Oleic acid (44%) and palmitic acid (28%) were the two most abundant fatty acids; while the presence of arachidonic acid (0.6%) and docosahexaenoic acid (0.21%) suggests that Ruspolia differens is also a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The observed amino acid profile showed similar trends in all morphs, and all essential amino acids were present. Calcium (896\u20131035 mg\/100 g), potassium (779\u2013816 mg\/100 g) and phosphorus (652\u2013685 mg\/100 g) were quite high among the minerals. The presence of the trace elements iron (217\u2013220 mg\/100 g), zinc (14.2\u201314.6 mg\/100 g), manganese (7.4\u20138.3 mg\/100 g) and copper (1.66 mg\/100 g) suggests that inclusion of these grasshoppers in human diets may aid in combatting micronutrient deficiencies. Oven-drying Ruspolia differens delivered the same nutritional quality as freeze-drying. Hence, both drying approaches can be adequately used to formulate insect-based food products without noticeable nutritional changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects8030102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T07:12:50Z","timestamp":1505805170000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Influence of Freeze-Drying and Oven-Drying Post Blanching on the Nutrient Composition of the Edible Insect Ruspolia differens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Forkwa","family":"Fombong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction lab, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Lab4Food, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial &amp; Molecular Systems, University of Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mik","family":"Van Der Borght","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab4Food, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial &amp; Molecular Systems, University of Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Vanden Broeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction lab, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400023572","article-title":"Insects as food in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. 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In this study, the anatomic morphometrics of this insect was critically inferred based on the samples that were collected from North-west Tanzania in April-May 2009. <jats:italic>R. differens<\/jats:italic> was revealed to have a number of unique anatomic features that can essentially serve in its diagnosis. These include the paired male metathoracic flaps, finger-like prosternal protuberances, hind femoral spines, subequal tibial black markings, and an obvious male biased antennal dimorphism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/176342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T23:48:19Z","timestamp":1359416899000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anatomic Morphometrics of the \u201c<i>Senene<\/i>\u201d Tettigoniid <i>Ruspolia differens<\/i> Serville (Orthoptera: Conocephalidae) from North-West Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2013","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9901-5808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicodemus D.","family":"Matojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Mkwawa University College of Education (UDSM), P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob G.","family":"Yarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. 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The edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens, a high protein insect traditionally consumed in East Africa- particularly in Central Uganda presents an opportunity for local solutions to food and nutritional security. This literature review consolidates research information, mainly derived from peer reviewed articles on online databases, on potential distribution, demand, importance, food safety hazards and, handling and research efforts that support safety of consumption. Key documented findings are that Ruspolia differens is highly nutritious and a source of livelihood. Their geographical distribution is expected to widen, increasing availability and access. Food safety hazards from their handling include high counts of bacterial species, yeasts and molds, heavy metals, and a potential for inherent allergens yet the demand and supply chains are expanding. Consequently, a strategy involving all stakeholders is required to support food safety along the value chain. Understanding the contribution of Ruspolia differens and minimising obstacles to its exploitation should be a research priority in order to promote the adoption, value addition, and development of insect-derived products aimed at nontraditional insect-eating communities and those who are severely food insecure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.37425\/eajsti.v4i.744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:40:17Z","timestamp":1694626817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The potential contribution and challenges of edible grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) to food and nutrition security in Uganda- a literature review"],"prefix":"10.37425","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Nabikolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Lucy Njue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"George Ooko Abong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Tanga Mbi Chrysantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"17851","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"container-title":["East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T17:43:02Z","timestamp":1694713382000},"score":26.404787,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eajsti.org\/index.php\/EAJSTI\/article\/view\/744"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37425\/eajsti.v4i.744","ISSN":["2707-0425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2707-0425","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:35:18Z","timestamp":1773812118644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["14956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Res Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T11:47:25Z","timestamp":1538394445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fatty acid content and composition in edible Ruspolia differens feeding on mixtures of natural food plants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karlmax","family":"Rutaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Malinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilma J.","family":"Lehtovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Opoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Nyeko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Roininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3792_CR1","first-page":"319","volume":"8","author":"JG Agea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agea JG, Biryomumaisho D, Buyinza M, Nabanoga GN. Commercialisation of Ruspolia nitidula (Nsenene grasshoppers) in central Uganda. African J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2008;8:319\u201332.","journal-title":"African J Food Agric Nutr Dev."},{"key":"3792_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/00222937800770151","volume":"12","author":"WJ Bailey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bailey WJ, McCrae AWR. The general biology and phenology of swarming in the East African tettigoniid Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera). J Nat Hist. 1978;12:259\u201388.","journal-title":"J Nat Hist"},{"key":"3792_CR3","volume-title":"Unlocking the potential of edible insects for improved food security, nutrition and adaptation to climate change in the Lake Victoria Basin (Project report no. NR-05-10)","author":"P Nyeko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nyeko P, Nzabamwita PH, Nalika N, Okia CA, Odongo W, Ndimubandi J. Unlocking the potential of edible insects for improved food security, nutrition and adaptation to climate change in the Lake Victoria Basin (Project report no. NR-05-10). Kampala, Uganda: The Lake Victoria research initiative, Inter-University Council of East Africa (IUCEA); 2014."},{"key":"3792_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2017.0018","volume":"3","author":"VJ Lehtovaara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehtovaara VJ, Valtonen A, Sorjonen J, Hiltunen M, Rutaro K, Malinga GM, et al. The fatty acid contents of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens can be manipulated using artificial diets. J Insects as Food Feed. 2017;3:253\u201362.","journal-title":"J Insects as Food Feed"},{"key":"3792_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3390\/insects8030102","volume":"8","author":"F Fombong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fombong F, Van Der Borght M, Vanden Broeck J. Influence of freeze-drying and oven-drying post blanching on the nutrient composition of the edible insect Ruspolia differens. Insects. 2017;8:102.","journal-title":"Insects."},{"key":"3792_CR6","first-page":"32","volume":"12","author":"JN Kinyuru","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinyuru JN, Kenji GM, Muhoho SN, Ayieko M. Nutritional potential of longhorn grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) consumed in Siaya district. Kenya. J Agric Sci Technol. 2010;12:32\u201346.","journal-title":"Kenya. J Agric Sci Technol."},{"key":"3792_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00084a019","volume":"36","author":"PS Sukhija","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sukhija PS, Palmquist DL. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. J Agric Food Chem. 1988;36:1202\u20136.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"3792_CR8","volume-title":"Changes in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation","author":"KR Clarke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clarke KR, Warwick RM. Changes in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. 2nd ed. Plymouth, UK: PRIMER-E Ltd; 2001.","edition":"2"},{"key":"3792_CR9","volume-title":"Permanova\u2009+\u2009for primer: guide to software and statistical methods","author":"M Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson M, Gorley RN, Clarke RK. Permanova\u2009+\u2009for primer: guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth: PRIMER-E; 2008."},{"key":"3792_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-5967.12322","author":"K Rutaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rutaro K, Malinga GM, Lehtovaara VJ, Opoke R, Valtonen A, Kwetegyeka J, et al. The fatty acid composition of edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigonoidae) feeding on host plants. Entomol Res. 2018. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1748-5967.12322\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Entomol Res."},{"key":"3792_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(72)90139-3","volume":"43","author":"GR Karuhize","year":"1972","unstructured":"Karuhize GR. Utilization of fat reserve substances by Homorocoryphus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) during flight. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B Comp Biochem. 1972;43:563\u20139.","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part B Comp Biochem."},{"key":"3792_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2002.031","volume":"99","author":"M Murata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murata M, Tojo S. Utilization of lipid for flight and reproduction in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Eur J Entomol. 2002;99:221\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Entomol."},{"key":"3792_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030128","volume":"8","author":"AP Simopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simopoulos AP. An increase in the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acid ratio increases the risk for obesity. Nutrients. 2016;8:128.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"3792_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.940090102","volume":"5","author":"DW Stanley-Samuelson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stanley-Samuelson DW, Jurenka RA, Cripps C, Blomquist GJ, de Renobales M. Fatty acids in insects: composition, metabolism, and biological significance. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 1988;5:1\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"3792_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2015.0078","volume":"2","author":"JM Pino Moreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pino Moreno JM, Ganuly A. Determination of fatty acid content in some edible insects of Mexico. J Food Feed. 2016;2:37\u201342.","journal-title":"J Food Feed."},{"key":"3792_CR16","first-page":"10","volume":"20","author":"B Subramanyam","year":"1987","unstructured":"Subramanyam B, Cutkomp LK. Total lipid and fatty acid composition in male and female larvae of Indian-meal moth and almond moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Gt Lakes Entomol. 1987;20:10.","journal-title":"Gt Lakes Entomol."},{"key":"3792_CR17","volume-title":"Abundance and nutritional compositions of Ruspolia differens polymorphs from Masaka Uganda","author":"M Opio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Opio M. Abundance and nutritional compositions of Ruspolia differens polymorphs from Masaka Uganda. Kampala: Makerere University; 2015."},{"key":"3792_CR18","first-page":"131","volume":"11","author":"JP Loveridge","year":"1973","unstructured":"Loveridge JP. Age and the changes in water and fat content of adult laboratory-reared Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. and F. Rhod Zambia Malawi J Agric Res. 1973;11:131\u201343.","journal-title":"Rhod Zambia Malawi J Agric Res"},{"key":"3792_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-017-0520-1","volume":"53","author":"GM Malinga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malinga GM, Valtonen A, Lehtovaara VJ, Rutaro K, Opoke R, Nyeko P, et al. Mixed artificial diets enhance the developmental and reproductive performance of the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Appl Entomol Zool. 2018;53:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Appl Entomol Zool"},{"key":"3792_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toy234","author":"VJ Lehtovaara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehtovaara VJ, Roininen H, Valtonen A. Optimal temperature for rearing the edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). J Econ Entomol. 2018. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jee\/toy234\n                    \n                   (In press).","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"}],"container-title":["BMC Research Notes"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T05:21:59Z","timestamp":1589952119000},"score":26.400528,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-018-3792-9","ISSN":["1756-0500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-0500","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"687"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:22:41Z","timestamp":1780593761844,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Academy of Science of South Africa","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr. Entomol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural enemies are major challenges in laboratory rearing of grasshoppers, but the identity and virulence of these towards the edible long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville) is scarcely known. In this study, fungi and bacteria were isolated from R. differens collected from Mbarara, Masaka, Hoima, Kampala and Kabale districts in Uganda in 2018, cultured on standard microbial media, identified using molecular techniques and screened for virulence against the insect in laboratory bioassays. Fourteen and nine species of fungi and bacteria were isolated from R. differens, respectively, with the number of isolates varying based on collection site. The most prevalent entomopathogenic fungal species were Aspergillus flavus Link (27.3%), Fusarium equiseti (Corda) (24.2%), Mucor fragilis Fresen (12.1%), Clonostachys rosea (Link) (6.0%) and Aspergillus tamarii Kita (6.0%); whereas the most prevalent bacterial isolates were Serratia marcescens Bizio (38.1%), Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (14.3%) and Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) (14.3%). Nine of the fungal species namely Clavispora lusitaniae Rodrigues de Miranda, Lichtheimia corymbifera (Cohn), Trichoderma koningii Oudem, F. equiseti, M. fragilis, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Epicoccum sorghinum (Saccardo), C. rosea, Penicillium commune Charles Thom; and five bacterial species (Proteus penneri Hickman, S. marcescens, B. thuringiensis, Staphylococcus sciuri Kloos and Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder)) were ~5\u20137-fold and ~4\u20135-fold, more lethal to third instars of R. differens than untreated controls, respectively. This study is the first to report C. lusitaniae, Exserohilum mcginnis Padhye and Ajello, E. sorghinum, P. penneri and E. cloacae as insect pathogens. The results suggest a need to quarantine field collected R. differens before introducing them into the insectary, as well as performing antimicrobial practices during rearing of the insect to prevent entomopathogen-based mortality.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17159\/2254-8854\/2023\/a11581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T06:39:26Z","timestamp":1698215966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification and virulence screening of fungal and bacterial entomophathogens of the edible long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Uganda"],"prefix":"10.17159","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alfonce","family":"Leonard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Peter","family":"Egonyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathiya","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysantus","family":"Tanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Ekesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Kyamanywa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevgan","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6689","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"container-title":["African Entomology"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.africanentomology.com\/article\/download\/11581\/19560","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.africanentomology.com\/article\/download\/11581\/19560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T06:39:27Z","timestamp":1698215967000},"score":26.360897,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.africanentomology.com\/article\/view\/11581"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/2254-8854\/2023\/a11581","ISSN":["2224-8854","1021-3589"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-8854","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1021-3589","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:42:47Z","timestamp":1790998967048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jagst"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Tanzania, chronic malnutrition rates remain high, with 32 percent of children under the age of 5 being stunted. The high cost of dietary protein sources is a contributing factor to the deterioration of the nutritional status of most children. Edible insects are suggested to provide an alternative source of protein in enriching the nutritional composition of foods. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential use of long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) to enhance the nutritional properties of extruded composite flour. This study intended to develop an extruded composite flour enriched with the long-horned grasshopper and further evaluate its proximate composition, mineral properties, antinutritional composition, functional properties, sensory acceptability, and shelf-life stability. Four samples of composite flour were formulated and processed using a twin-screw extruder to produce extruded composite flour (ECF) with a mixing (%wt.) ratios of 100:0 (ECF 0), 95:5 (ECF 5), 85:15 (ECF 15), 75:25 (ECF 25) for composite flour (cassava, millet, sorghum) and edible long-horned grasshopper pellets, respectively. Feed moisture content and barrel temperature were adjusted from 15 to 16% and 128 to 142 0C for Zone I, and 105 to 114 0C for Zone II, respectively. The findings show that the inclusion of long-horned grasshopper meal in the extruded composite flour significantly increased the moisture, crude fibre, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat and mineral contents of Fe and Zn while significantly decreasing the carbohydrate contents at (p&lt;0.001), and Mg contents at (p=0.0089). The phytate contents between ECF 0 and extruded composite flour treatments enriched with long-horned grasshopper did not differ significantly (p&lt;0.141). All treatments showed a significant higher tannin content ECF 5 (0.007 mg CE\/g), ECF 15 (0.012 mg CE\/g) and ECF 25 (0.011 mg CE\/g) when compared to values in control (0.004 mg CE\/g). There was a significant difference at a 5% confidence level on the sensory properties between ECF 0 and ECF 15 and ECF 25; the latter two treatments had higher scores for colour and a lower score for aroma and taste attributes, respectively ECF 0. In addition, treatments (ECF 5, ECF 15, ECF 25) showed significantly higher peroxide values (3.52 to 5.32 mEq\/Kg) than those in the control sample (2.80 to 3.33 mEq\/Kg). In conclusion, the inclusion of edible long-horned grasshopper in the composite flour, significantly improved the quantity of crude protein, crude fat, and energy with an adequately appropriate amount of Zn and Fe to meet the needs of fast-growing infants and young children. Moreover, the functional properties of the resulted product were positively affected and its consumption is expected not to cause any harm to the human body. However, the product needs modification to improve aroma and taste attributes to increase product acceptability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/jagst.v21i2.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T10:54:49Z","timestamp":1655290489000},"page":"4-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Physico-chemical characterization, acceptability and shelf stability of extruded composite flour enriched with long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens)"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Esther Pius","family":"Shabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Owaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kinyuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"container-title":["Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/jagst\/article\/download\/226640\/213895","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/jagst\/article\/download\/226640\/213895","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T10:55:00Z","timestamp":1655290500000},"score":26.300125,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/jagst\/article\/view\/226640"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/jagst.v21i2.2","ISSN":["1561-7645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1561-7645","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]}}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":"Ruspolia differens"}}}