{"status":"ok","message-type":"work-list","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"facets":{},"total-results":10900987,"items":[{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:24:35Z","timestamp":1786940675048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Office of Academic Resources, Chulalongkorn University","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop. Nat. His."],"abstract":"Abstract. \u2013 A new whip spider species of the genus Sarax Simon, 1892 is described based on three specimens collected in Koh Pha Ngan island, Southern Thailand. The new species, Sarax kosulici sp. nov., represents the second species of the genus Sarax described from Thailand, and the sixth species of Amblypygi reported from the country. The new taxon described here raises the total number of currently recognized species for the genus Sarax to 39.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.58837\/tnh.26.1.269998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T03:46:11Z","timestamp":1786938371000},"page":"62-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Whip Spider Species of the Genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi: Charontidae) from Thailand"],"prefix":"10.58837","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Ythier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"37481","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"865657","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey, M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the smaller arachnid orders of the world: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 385 pp.","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643090071"},{"key":"865658","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda, G., Giupponi, A. P. L., Prendini, L. and Scharff, N. 2018. Weygoldtia, a new genus of Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi) with a reappraisal of the genera in the family. Zoologischer Anzeiger 273: 23-32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2018.02.003"},{"key":"865659","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda, G., Giupponi, A. P. L., Prendini, L. and Scharff, N. 2021. Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi). European Journal of Taxonomy 772: 1-409.","DOI":"10.5852\/ejt.2021.772.1505"},{"key":"865660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda, G., Giupponi, A. P. L., Scharff, N. and Prendini, L. 2022. Phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194: 136-180.","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa101"},{"key":"865661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda, G., Kulkarni, S. S., Tagliatela, J., Baker, C. M., Giupponi, A. P. L., Labarque, F. M., Gavish-Regev, E., Rix, M. G., Carvalho, L. S., Maria Fusari, L., Harvey, M. S., Wood, J. M. and Sharma, P. P. 2024. The Rediscovery of a Relict Unlocks the First Global Phylogeny of Whip Spiders (Amblypygi). Systematic Biology 73(3): 495-505.","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syae021"},{"key":"865662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon, E. 1892. Arachnides. In: Raffray, A., Bolivar, I. and Simon, E. (eds): Etude sur les Arthropodes cavernicoles de l\u2019\u00eele de Luzon, Voyage de M. E. Simon aux \u00eeles Philippines (mars et avril 1890). 4\u00e8 m\u00e9moire. Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de France 61: 35-52.","DOI":"10.1080\/21686351.1892.12279283"},{"key":"865663","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weygoldt, P. 1970. Lebenszyklus und postembryonale Entwicklung der Gei\u00dfelspinne Tarantula marginemaculata C. L. Koch (Chelicerata, Amblypygi) im Laboratorium. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Morphologie und \u00d6kologie der Tiere 67 : 58-85.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280716"},{"key":"865664","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weygoldt, P. 2000. Whip spiders (Chelicerata: Amblypygi). Their Biology, Morphology and Systematics. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 163 pp.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004473539"},{"key":"865665","unstructured":"WAC (World Arachnida Catalogue). 2025. World Amblypygi Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at https:\/\/wac.nmbe.ch\/order\/amblypygi\/1. (26 November 2025)."}],"container-title":["Tropical Natural History"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/li01.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/tnh\/article\/download\/269998\/182532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/li01.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/tnh\/article\/download\/269998\/182532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T03:46:13Z","timestamp":1786938373000},"score":36.977776,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/li01.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/tnh\/article\/view\/269998"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58837\/tnh.26.1.269998","ISSN":["2586-9892","1513-9700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2586-9892","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1513-9700","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:45:00Z","timestamp":1747194300731,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"To date, only two whip spider species have been recorded in China. We describe a new species, Sarax sinensis sp. nov., from Fujian, China. This species is morphologically similar to S. ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959), S. israelensis (Miranda et al., 2016), and S. seychellarum (Kraepelin, 1898), but can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: 35 segments in leg I tarsus, eight teeth on cheliceral claw, and four dorsal and ventral spines respectively on pedipalp femur. To examine the evolutionary history of S. sinensis sp. nov., we sequenced 12S, 16S, and COI gene regions of our specimens and inferred its phylogenetic position. The inferred phylogenetic trees placed the new species within Sarax, with its closest relative being distributed across the western Asia. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).\r\n\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5162.4.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:39:02Z","timestamp":1657240742000},"page":"397-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new species of whip spider, Sarax sinensis sp. nov., from Fujian, China (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"5162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6812-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SHI-YANG","family":"WU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"XIAO-YU","family":"ZHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YI-JIAO","family":"LIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GUSTAVO SILVA","family":"De MIRANDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1696-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"CRISTIAN","family":"ROM\u00c1N-PALACIOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6894-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZHENG","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZHU-QING","family":"HE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"126197","unstructured":"

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Miranda, G.S., Giupponi, A.P., Scharff, N. & Prendini, L. (2021a) Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Pantropical Whip Spider Family Charinidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194 (1), 136\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa101
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Zhu, X., Wu, S., Liu, Y., Reardon, C., Roman-Palacios., C., Li, Z. & He, Z. (2021) A New Species of Whip Spider, Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov., from Hainan, China (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa, 5082 (1), 65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.5082.1.6<\/p>"},{"key":"126198","unstructured":"

 <\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:39:26Z","timestamp":1657240766000},"score":30.767101,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.5162.4.4"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"references-count":2,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.5162.4.4","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1175-5334"},{"type":"print","value":"1175-5326"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1710740584309},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"Five species of the whip spider genus Sarax are recognized from Borneo, with the following four species newly described: Sarax yayukae sp. nov. from Sabah (Malaysia), West and Central Kalimantan (Indonesia), and three species from East Kalimantan, S. cavernicola sp. nov., S. sangkulirangensis sp. nov., and S. mardua sp. nov.. Sarax mardua and S. cavernicola have pale coloration, reduced eyes and elongate legs suggesting troglomorphic adaptations to cave environments. The characters diagnosing the family Charinidae and the genus Sarax are discussed and revised. The distribution patterns of Sarax species in Southeast Asia, especially in Borneo Island, are discussed in relation to their habitat preferences. The generic status of Stygophrynus moultoni Gravely 1915 (Charontidae) is briefly discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2612.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T02:49:56Z","timestamp":1547002196000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Whip spiders of the genus Sarax Simon 1892 (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Borneo Island"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"2612","author":[{"given":"CAHYO","family":"RAHMADI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARK S.","family":"HARVEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JUN-ICHI","family":"KOJIMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.1","unstructured":"Giupponi, A.P. de L. (2002) A new troglomorphic Charinus<\/em> from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Aracnologia<\/em>, 6,105-110.<\/p>

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Golovatch, S.I., Geoffroy, J.J., Mauri\u00e8s, J.P. &"},{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Spiegel, D. (2009) Review of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus <\/em>Silvestri, 1923, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Zoosystema, <\/em>31(1), 71-116.<\/p>

Grandcolas, P. &","DOI":"10.5252\/z2009n1a5"},{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.3","unstructured":"Deharveng, L. (2007) Miroblatta baai<\/em>, a new very large cockroach species from caves of Borneo (Blattaria: Blaberidae). Zootaxa,<\/em> 1390, 21-25.<\/p>

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Harvey, M.S. &"},{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.4","unstructured":"West, P.L.J. (1998) New species of Charon <\/em>(Amblypygi, Charontidae) from northern Australia and Christmas Island. Journal of Arachnology,<\/em> 26, 273-284.<\/p>

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Rahmadi, C. &"},{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.7","unstructured":"Stanley, S. (2005) Biodiversity, endemism and the conservation of limestone karsts in the Sangkulirang Peninsula, Borneo. Biodiversity,<\/em> 6(2), 15-23.<\/p>

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Weygoldt, P. (1970) Lebenszyklus und postembryonale Entwicklung der Gei\u00dfelspinne Tarantula marginemaculata<\/em> C. L. Koch (Chelicerata, Amblypygi) im Laboratorium. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Morphologie und \u00d6kologie der Tiere,<\/em> 67, 58-85.<\/p>

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Weygoldt, P. (2002) Sperm transfer and spermatophore morphology of the whip spiders Sarax buxtoni<\/em>, S. brachydactylus<\/em> (Charinidae), Charon<\/em> cf. grayi<\/em>, and Stygophrynus brevispina<\/em> nov. spec. (Charontidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger,<\/em> 241, 131-148.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2005) Biogeography, systematic position, and reproduction of Charinus ioanniticus<\/em> (Kritscher 1995) with the description of a new species from Pakistan (Chelicerata, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica,<\/em> 85, 43-56.<\/p>

Weygold, P. (2006) New Caledonian whip spiders: Notes on Charinus australianus<\/em>, Charinus neocaledonicus <\/em>and other south-western Pacific species of the Charinus australianus<\/em> species group (Chelicerata, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Hamburg,<\/em> 42, 5-37.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P., Pohl, H. &"},{"key":"#cr-split#-33494.8","unstructured":"Polak, S. (2002) Arabian whip spiders: four new species of the genera Charinus <\/em>and Phrynichus <\/em>(Chelicerata: Amblypygi) from Oman and Socotra. Fauna of Arabia<\/em>, 19, 289-309.<\/p>

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Baptista, R.L.C. & Giupponi, A.P. de L. (2002) A new troglomorphic Charinus<\/em> from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Aracnologia<\/em>, 6,105-110.<\/p>

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Salas, L.A., Bedos, A., Deharveng, L., Fryer, S., Hadiaty, R., Heryanto, Munandar, Nardiyono, Noerdjito, M., Noerdjito, W., Rahmadi, C., Riyanto, A. Rofik, A. Ruskamdi, Struebig, M.J., Suhardjono, Y., Suyanto, A., Vermeulen, J.J., Walck, C., Wiriadinata, H., Meijaard, E. & Stanley, S. (2005) Biodiversity, endemism and the conservation of limestone karsts in the Sangkulirang Peninsula, Borneo. Biodiversity,<\/em> 6(2), 15-23.<\/p>

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Weygoldt, P. (2002) Sperm transfer and spermatophore morphology of the whip spiders Sarax buxtoni<\/em>, S. brachydactylus<\/em> (Charinidae), Charon<\/em> cf. grayi<\/em>, and Stygophrynus brevispina<\/em> nov. spec. (Charontidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger,<\/em> 241, 131-148.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2005) Biogeography, systematic position, and reproduction of Charinus ioanniticus<\/em> (Kritscher 1995) with the description of a new species from Pakistan (Chelicerata, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica,<\/em> 85, 43-56.<\/p>

Weygold, P. (2006) New Caledonian whip spiders: Notes on Charinus australianus<\/em>, Charinus neocaledonicus <\/em>and other south-western Pacific species of the Charinus australianus<\/em> species group (Chelicerata, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Hamburg,<\/em> 42, 5-37.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P., Pohl, H. & Polak, S. (2002) Arabian whip spiders: four new species of the genera Charinus <\/em>and Phrynichus <\/em>(Chelicerata: Amblypygi) from Oman and Socotra. Fauna of Arabia<\/em>, 19, 289-309.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. & Van Damme, K. (2004) A new troglomorphic whip spider of the genus Charinus<\/em> (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Socotra Island. Fauna of Arabia,<\/em> 20, 327-334.<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.2612.1.1\/18304","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.2612.1.1\/18304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T05:27:57Z","timestamp":1710739677000},"score":28.556923,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.2612.1.1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.2612.1.1","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1752147612297,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Pensoft Publishers","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BDJ"],"abstract":"Amblypygi, commonly known as tailless whip scorpions or whip spiders, is an order of Arachnida noted for its cryptic habits and predominantly tropical and subtropical distribution. Although the group was first mentioned on the island of Cyprus in 1990, no specific taxonomic information was provided at the time.<\/jats:p>\n Through a combination of literature review, targeted field surveys and citizen-science contributions, we confirm the presence of Sarax ioanniticus<\/jats:italic> (Kritscher, 1959) in Cyprus, representing the first documented record of this species on the island. Following seven years of dedicated searches, a live specimen was collected in 2023 and identified, thereby establishing S. ioanniticus<\/jats:italic> as part of the island\u2019s rich fauna. This finding extends the known range of S. ioanniticus<\/jats:italic> within the eastern Mediterranean and underscores the importance of integrating biodiversity research with public engagement to detect elusive or under-reported taxa. Future studies should investigate the species\u2019 local distribution, ecological requirements and potential conservation concerns on Cyprus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3897\/bdj.13.e157478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:20:06Z","timestamp":1752139206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First report of a Tailless Whip Scorpion in Cyprus: the case of Sarax ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959) (Amblypygi, Charontidae)"],"prefix":"10.3897","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-8554","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Hadjiconstantis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for the Protection of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyprus bird-watching tours, Paphos, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-3878","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christos","family":"Zoumides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy, Environment and Water Research Centre (EEWRC), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2258","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"157478_B12934436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30963\/aramit5805"},{"key":"157478_B12934445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-022-02955-8"},{"key":"157478_B12944519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2476\/asjaa.67.49"},{"key":"157478_B13058278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2022.107560"},{"key":"157478_B12934461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2023.2289139"},{"key":"157478_B12934470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5431\/aramit4108"},{"key":"157478_B12934479","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4161.4.11"},{"key":"157478_B12934488","author":"Bosmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Introduction to the Wildlife of Cyprus. 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Although the group was first mentioned on the island of Cyprus in 1990, no specific taxonomic information was provided at the time.<\/jats:p>\n \n Through a combination of literature review, targeted field surveys, and citizen-science contributions, we confirm the presence of\n Sarax ioanniticus<\/jats:italic>\n (Kritscher, 1959) in Cyprus, representing the first documented record of this species on the island. Following seven years of dedicated searches, a live specimen was collected in 2023 and identified, thereby establishing\n S. ioanniticus<\/jats:italic>\n as part of the island\u2019s fauna. This finding extends the known range of S. ioanniticus within the Eastern Mediterranean and underscores the importance of integrating biodiversity research with public engagement to detect elusive or underreported taxa. 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Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Advances in Insect Physiology","Spider Physiology and Behaviour - Behaviour"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T11:14:40Z","timestamp":1639221280000},"score":21.622509,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B978012415919800001X"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"ISBN":["9780124159198"],"references-count":110,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-415919-8.00001-x","ISSN":["0065-2806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2806","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T07:00:17Z","timestamp":1726124417483},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.5040\/9781350966185","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T08:07:33Z","timestamp":1620806853000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medial heel whip"],"prefix":"10.5040","member":"2984","container-title":["Medial heel whip"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1709658381000},"score":21.589304,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.humankineticslibrary.com\/video?docid=HKL_3123155420001&tocid=HKL_file_3123155420001"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781350966185","published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:50:27Z","timestamp":1768492227332,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"group-title":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","reference-count":29,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Whip spiders (Amblypygi) reside in structurally complex habitats and are nocturnally active yet display notable navigational abilities. From the theory that uncertainty in sensory inputs should promote multisensory representations to guide behavior, we hypothesized that their navigation is supported by a configural, multisensory representation of navigational inputs, an ability documented in a few insects and never reported in arachnids. We trained\n Phrynus marginemaculatus<\/jats:italic>\n to recognize a home shelter characterized by both discriminative olfactory and tactile stimuli. In tests, subjects readily discriminated between shelters based on the paired stimuli. However, subjects failed to recognize the shelter in tests with either of the component stimuli alone. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the terminal phase of their navigational behavior, shelter recognition, can be supported by the integration of multisensory stimuli as a configural representation. We hypothesize that multisensory configural learning occurs in the whip spiders\u2019 extraordinarily large mushroom bodies, which may functionally resemble the hippocampus of vertebrates.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.29.318659","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T21:05:49Z","timestamp":1601586349000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multisensory Configural Learning of a Home Refuge in the Whip Spider\n Phrynus marginemaculatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Kaylyn AS","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D","family":"Wiegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen A","family":"Hebets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verner P","family":"Bingman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Tagesperiodik, revierverhalten und beutefang der geisselspinne Admetus pumilio CL Koch im freiland","volume":"35","year":"1974","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.149823"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.221036"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2008.10.015"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.07.020"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904308116"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Agr\u00f2, M. , Oberhauser, F. B. , Loconsole, M. , Galli, G. , Dal Cin, F. , Moretto, E. , Regolin, L. (2020). Multi-modal cue integration in the black garden ant. Animal Cognition, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10071-020-01360-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-020-01360-9"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508422112"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arh133"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-013-0718-8"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-013-1590-x"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.12","first-page":"jeb212886","article-title":"Configural learning in freshly collected, smart, wild Lymnaea","volume":"222","year":"2019","journal-title":"Short Communication in Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00661"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408550102"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.011"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-007-0232-4"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arr220"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192911"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-009-0417-8"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.053579"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21948"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.171785"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03337828","article-title":"Configural association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory, and amnesia","volume":"17","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychobiology"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.190405"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-003-0431-1"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-016-1094-z"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.105.6.787"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.28","first-page":"47","article-title":"Amblypygids: model organisms for the study of arthropod navigation mechanisms in complex environments","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024080418102674000_2020.09.29.318659v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2019.01.005","article-title":"Nocturnal navigation by whip spiders: antenniform legs mediate near-distance olfactory localization of a shelter","volume":"149","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"}],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.09.29.318659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:53:49Z","timestamp":1768438429000},"score":21.460857,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.09.29.318659"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.29.318659","published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:10:03Z","timestamp":1747667403206,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAVH)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biota"],"abstract":"The species Heterophrynus boterorum is endemic to Colombia, and was described in 2013 with just a few specimens. It has morphological variation that may be correlated with environmental conditions, or with isolation processes. We modeled the potential distribution of this species using software Maxent in order to know of other possible occurrence localities and the influence of environmental variables which can condition its presence. Additionally, we contrasted the potential distribution with the National System of Protected Areas of Colombia. The species has a potential distribution in the central region of the Andes in the Cordillera Central and Occidental, which connects all known populations. Precipitation and temperature, especially during the driest season, were the most influential variables in the model, which is coherent regarding the requirements for humidity and climatic stability in Amblypygi. Only one of the known populations is recorded in a protected area, so it is necessary to design better conservation strategies to preserve H. boterorum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.21068\/2539200x.1047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T14:20:51Z","timestamp":1671805251000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ecological niche modeling in a whip spider, Heterophrynus boterorum (Phrynidae), from the Colombian Central Andes"],"prefix":"10.21068","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"V\u00e1squez-Palacios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Andr\u00e9s","family":"Chirivi Joya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8814","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"container-title":["Biota Colombiana"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/revistas.humboldt.org.co\/index.php\/biota\/article\/download\/1047\/1145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/revistas.humboldt.org.co\/index.php\/biota\/article\/download\/1047\/1145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1671805272000},"score":21.400843,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/revistas.humboldt.org.co\/index.php\/biota\/article\/view\/1047"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21068\/2539200x.1047","ISSN":["2539-200X","0124-5376"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2539-200X"},{"type":"print","value":"0124-5376"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:36:18Z","timestamp":1784763378617,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Arachnological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"DOI":"10.1636\/joa-s-20-048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T11:53:29Z","timestamp":1627473209000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Elemental enrichment of the exoskeleton of the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida: Amblypygi)"],"prefix":"10.1636","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Dragoslav","family":"Radosavljevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell MA 01854; E-mail: Rick_Hochberg@uml.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl","family":"Ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell MA 01854; E-mail: Rick_Hochberg@uml.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell MA 01854; E-mail: Rick_Hochberg@uml.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1211","reference":[{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Krishnakumaran, \"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Vergleichende Physiologie.\" 44, \"A comparative study of the arachnid cuticle II.\" 478 (1961)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00297866"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"A. Krishnakumaran, \"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher. Abteilung f\u00fcr Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere.\" 80, \"A comparative study of the cuticle in Arachnida 1. Structure and staining properties.\" 49 (1962)"},{"key":"61","unstructured":"P. Weygoldt, \"Whip Spiders (Chelicerata: Amblypygi): Their Biology, Morphology and Systematics.\" , (2000)"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Bar-On, FG Barth, P Fratzl, et al. \"Nature Communications.\" 5, \"Multiscale structural gradients enhance the biomechanical functionality of the spider fang.\" 3894 (2014)","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4894"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H Birkedal, RK Khan, N Slack, et al. \"Chembiochem.\" 7, \"Halogenated veneers: protein cross-linking and halogenation in the jaws of Nereis, a marine worm.\" 1392 (2006)","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200600160"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CC Broomell, MA Mattoni, FW Zok, et al. \"Journal of Experimental Biology.\" 209, \"Critical role of zinc in hardening of Nereis jaws.\" 3219 (2006)","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02373"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"DE Chandler and RW Roberson \"Bioimaging \u2013 Current Concepts in Light and Electron Microscopy.\" , (2009)"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KJ Chapin and EA Hebets \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 44, \"The behavioral ecology of amblypygids.\" 1 (2016)","DOI":"10.1636\/V15-62.1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BW Cribb, R Rasch, J Barry, et al. \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 34, \"Distribution of calcium phosphate in the exoskeleton of larval Exeretonevra angustifrons Hardy (Diptera: Xylophagidae).\" 41 (2005)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2004.08.002"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BW Cribb, A Rathmell, R Charters, et al. \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 38, \"Structure, composition and properties of naturally occurring non-calcified crustacean cuticle.\" 173 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2008.11.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BW Cribb, A Stewart, H Huang, et al. \"Naturwissenschaften.\" 95, \"Insect mandibles\u2013comparative mechanical properties.\" 17 (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-007-0288-1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B Cutler and L McCutchen \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 34, \"Heavy metals in cuticular structures of Palpigradi, Ricinulei, and Schizomida (Arachnida).\" 653 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S05-37.1"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"CJ. Dawes, \"Introduction to Biological Electron Microscopy: Theory and Techniques, revised edition.\" , (1994)"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JA. Dunlop, \"Arthropod Structure and Development.\" 39, \"Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata.\" 124 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2010.01.003"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SF Emadian and RJ Newton \"Journal of Plant Physiology.\" 134, \"Growth enhancement of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings by silicon.\" 98 (1989)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(89)80209-3"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Erko, MA Hartmann, I Zlotnikov, et al. \"Journal of Structural Biology.\" 183, \"Structural and mechanical properties of the arthropod cuticle: Comparison between the fang of the spider Cupiennius salei and the carapace of the American lobster Homarus americanus.\" 172 (2013)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2013.06.001"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD Fawke, JG McClements, P Wyeth, \"Cell Biology International.\" 21, \"Cuticular metals \u2013 quantification and mapping by complementary techniques.\" 675 (1997)","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1998.0166"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AE Filipov, JO Wolff, M Seiter, et al. \"Journal of Theoretical Biology.\" 430, \"Numerical simulation of colloidal self-assembly of super-hydrophobic arachnid cerotegument structures.\" 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.07.001"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"LJ Forcellado and LF de Armas \"Revista Iberica de Aracnologia.\" 25, \"Depredacion de Centruroides gracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae) por Paraphrynus cubensis (Amblypygi: Phrynidae).\" 97 (2014)"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KD Fowler-Finn and EA Hebets \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 34, \"An examination of agonistic interactions in the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 62 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S04-104.1"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Gallant and R Hochberg \"Invertebrate Biology.\" 136, \"Elemental characterization of the exoskeleton in the whip scorpions Mastigoproctus giganteus and Typopeltis dalyi (Arachnida: Thelyphonida).\" 345 (2017)","DOI":"10.1111\/ivb.12187"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Gallant, E Ada, R Hochberg, \"American Microscopical Society, Invertebrate Biology.\" 135, \"Elemental characterization of the cuticle in the marine intertidal pseudoscorpion Halobisium occidentale.\" 127 (2016)","DOI":"10.1111\/ivb.12123"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AT Gibbons, A Idnurm, M Seiter, et al. \"Fungal Biology.\" 123, \"Amblypygid-fungal interactions: the whip spider exoskeleton as a substrate for fungal growth.\" 497 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2019.05.003"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Hebets, \"Canadian Journal of Zoology.\" 80, \"Relating the unique sensory system of amblypygids to the ecology and behavior of Phrynus parvulus from Costa Rica (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 286 (2002)","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-006"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EA Hebets and RF Chapman \"Journal of Insect Physiology.\" 46, \"Surviving the flood: plastron respiration in the non-tracheate arthropod Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 13 (2000)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(99)00096-7"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JE Hillerton and JF Vincent \"Journal of Experimental Biology.\" 101, \"The specific location of zinc in insect mandibles.\" 333 (1982)","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.101.1.333"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Huber, HO Fabritius, E Griesshaber, et al. \"Journal of Structural Biology.\" 188, \"Function-related adaptation of ultrastructure, mineral phase distribution and mechanical properties in the incisive cuticle of mandibles of Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804.\" 1 (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2014.09.002"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"P. Kok, \"Herpetological Review.\" 291, \"Anolis nitens chrysopepis (goldenscale anole) predation.\" 41 (1998)"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RJ Ladle and K Velander \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 31, \"Fishing behavior in a giant whip spider.\" 154 (2003)","DOI":"10.1636\/0161-8202(2003)031[0154:FBIAGW]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T Lehmann and RR Melzer \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 51, \"The visual system of Thelyphonida (whip scorpions): support for Arachnopulmonata.\" 23 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2019.06.002"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HC Lichtenegger, T Schoberl, JO Cross, et al. \"Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences.\" 100, \"Zinc and mechanical prowess in the jaws of Nereis, a marine worm.\" 9144 (2003)","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1632658100"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Michels and SN Gorb \"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.\" 6, \"Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods\u2013feeding tools with complex micro-and nanoscale composite architectures.\" 674 (2015)","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.6.68"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"O. McMonigle, \"Breeding the World's Largest Living Arachnid, Amblypygid Biology, Natural History, and Captive Husbandry.\" , (2013)"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IV Mekhanikova, DS Andreev, OY Belozerova, et al. \"Plos One.\" 7, \"Specific features of mandible structure and elemental composition in the polyphagous amphipod Acanthogammarus grewingkii endemic to Lake Baikal.\" e43073 (2012)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043073"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GS Miranda, M Milleri-Pinto, T Concalves-Souza, et al. \"ZooKeys.\" 621, \"A new species of Charinus Simon 1892 from Brazil, with notes on behavior (Amblypygi, Charinidae).\" 15 (2016)","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.621.9980"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EY Naumova, IY Zaidykov, VL Tauson, et al. \"Journal of Crustacean Biology.\" 35, \"Features of the fine structure and Si content of the mandibular gnathobase of four freshwater species of Epischura (Copepoda: Calanoida).\" 741 (2015)","DOI":"10.1163\/1937240X-00002385"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE. Newbury, \"Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopes.\" 31, \"Mistakes encountered during automatic peak identification of minor and trace constituents in electron-excited energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.\" 91 (2009)","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.20151"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE Newbury and NWM Ritchie \"Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopes.\" 35, \"Is scanning electron microscopy\/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM\/EDS) quantitative?\" 141 (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.21041"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ED Nolan, CE Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez-L\u00f3pez, PP Sharma, \"Development Genes and Evolution.\" 230, \"Developmental gene expression as a phylogenetic data class: support for the monophyly of Arachnopulmonata.\" 137 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-019-00644-6"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JL Owen and JL Cokendolpher \"Wilson Journal of Ornithology.\" 118, \"Tailless whipscorpion (Phrynus longipes) feeds on Antillean crested hummingbird (Orthorhynchus cristatus).\" 422 (2006)","DOI":"10.1676\/05-062.1"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Politi, E Pippel, ACJ Licuco-Massouh, et al. \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 30, \"Nano-channels in the spider fang for the transport of Zn ions to cross-link His-rich proteins pre-deposited in the cuticle matrix.\" 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2016.06.001"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y Politi, M Priewasser, E Pippel, et al. \"Advanced Functional Materials.\" 22, \"A spider's fang: how to design an injection needle using chitin-based composite material.\" 2519 (2012)","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200063"},{"key":"42","unstructured":"D Quintero, \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 9, \"The amblypygid genus Phrynus in the Americas (Ambylypgi, Phrynidae).\" 117 (1981)"},{"key":"43","unstructured":"DP. Reagan, \"The Food Web of A Tropical Rain Forest.\" , \"Anoline lizards.\" 321 (1996)"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Rong, Y Lin, Z Sui, et al. \"Journal of Insect Physiology.\" 119, \"Amorphous calcium phosphate in the pupal cuticle of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): A new discovery for reconsidering the mineralization of the insect cuticle.\" 103964 (2019)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2019.103964"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RD Santer and E Hebets \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 37, \"Prey capture by the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus C. L. Koch.\" 109 (2009a)","DOI":"10.1636\/ST07-139.1"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RD Santer and E Hebets \"Journal of Computational Physiology.\" 195, \"Tactile learning by a whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus C. L. Koch (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 393 (2009b)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-009-0417-8"},{"key":"47","unstructured":"RMS. Schofield, \"X-ray microanalytic concentration measurements in unsectioned specimens: A technique and its application to Zn, Mn, and Fe enriched structures of organisms from three phyla.\" , (1990)"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RMS. Schofield, \"Scorpion Biology and Research.\" , \"Metals in cuticular structures.\" 235 (2001)","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195084344.003.0009"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RMS. Schofield, \"American Entomologist.\" 51, \"Metal-halogen biomaterials.\" 45 (2005)","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/51.1.45"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R Schofield and H Lefevre \"Journal of Experimental Biology.\" 144, \"High concentration of zinc in the fangs and manganese in the teeth of spiders.\" 577 (1989)","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.144.1.577"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RMS Schofield, H Levere, M Shaffer, \"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Elements.\" 40, \"Complementary microanalysis of Zn, Mn, and Fe in the chelicerae of spiders and scorpions using scanning MeV-ion and electron microprobes.\" 698 (1989)","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-583X(89)91077-X"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RMS Schofield, MH Nesson, KA Richardson, et al. \"Journal of Insect Phylogeny.\" 49, \"Zinc is incorporated into cuticular \u201ctools\u201d after ecdysis: The time course of the zinc distribution in \u201ctools\u201d and whole bodies of an ant and a scorpion.\" 31 (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(02)00224-X"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RM Schofield, JC Niedbala, MH Nesson, et al. \"Journal of Structural Biology.\" 166, \"Br-rich tips of calcified crab claws are less hard but more fracture resistant: a comparison of mineralized and heavy-element biological materials.\" 272 (2009)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.01.007"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G Scholtz and C Kamenz \"Zoology.\" 109, \"The book lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): evidence for homology and a single terrestrialization event of a common arachnid ancestor.\" 2 (2006)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2005.06.003"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JM Segovia, G Gainett, RH Willemart, \"Journal of Ethology.\" 38, \"Predatory behavior and sensory morphology of the whip spider Charinus asturius (Arachnida: Amblypygi).\" 273 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-020-00648-0"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Seiter, P Lemell, R Gredler, et al. \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 47, \"Strike kinematics in the whip spider Charon sp. (Amblypygi: Charontidae).\" 260 (2019)","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA-S-18-089"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PP Sharma, ST Kaluziak, AR Perez-Porro, et al. \"Molecular Biology & Evolution.\" 31, \"Phylogenetic interrogation of Arachnida reveals systemic conflicts in phylogenetic signal.\" 2963 (2014)","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu235"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JW. Shultz, \"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.\" 150, \"A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters.\" 221 (2007)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AJ Spence and EA Hebets \"Journal of Arachnology.\" 34, \"Anatomy and physiology of giant neurons in the antenniform leg of the amblypygid Phrynus marginemaculatus.\" 566 (2006)","DOI":"10.1636\/S05-53.1"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Tadayon, O Younes-Metzler, Y Shelef, et al. \"Advanced Functional Materials.\" 30, \"Adaptations for wear resistance and damage resilience: micromechanics of spider cuticular \u201ctools'\" 1 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202000400"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JO Wolff, M Seiter, SN Gorb, \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 44, \"Functional anatomy of the pretarsus on whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi).\" 524 (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2015.08.014"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JO Wolff, M Seiter, SN Gorb, \"Arthropod Structure & Development.\" 46, \"The water-repellent cerotegument of whip-spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi).\" 116 (2016a)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2016.10.010"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JO Wolff, M Seiter, SN Gorb, \"Zoological Letters.\" 2, \"Whip spiders (Amblypygi) become water-repellent by a colloidal secretion that self-assembles into hierarchical microstructures.\" 23 (2016b)","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-016-0059-y"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Arachnology"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T15:37:17Z","timestamp":1699285037000},"score":21.367014,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bioone.org\/journals\/the-journal-of-arachnology\/volume-49\/issue-2\/JoA-S-20-048\/Elemental-enrichment-of-the-exoskeleton-of-the-whip-spider-Phrynus\/10.1636\/JoA-S-20-048.full"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1636\/joa-s-20-048","ISSN":["0161-8202"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8202","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1790423193015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Magnolia Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zootaxa"],"abstract":"A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 is described from French Guyana, raising the number of species in the genus to48 (27 for the Neotropical region and 19 for South America). Charinus bromeliaea sp. n. is distinguished from the otherspecies in the genus by morphological characteristics and unique ecology. Adapted to live in Achmea bromeliads on gran-ite inselbergs, this species is an interesting addition to the wide range of habitats Charinus species are found in. This is also the first record of the genus from French Guyana and this record extends the geographic distribution of the genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3158.1.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1552976346000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Charinus bromeliaea sp. n. (Amblypygi: Charinidae); a new species of bromeliad inhabiting whip spider from French Guyana"],"prefix":"10.11646","volume":"3158","author":[{"given":"MERLIJN","family":"JOCQUE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALESSANDRO PONCE","family":"DE LE\u00c3O GIUPPONI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"35411","unstructured":"

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Baptista, R.L.C. & Giupponi, A.P.L. (2003) A new troglomorphic Charinus<\/em> Simon, 1892 from Minas Gerais state, Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Revista Iberica de Aracnolog\u00eda<\/em>, Zaragoza, 7, 79\u201384.<\/p>

Giupponi, A.P.L. & Kury, A.B. (2002) A new species of Charinus<\/em> Simon, 1892 from northeastern Brazil (Amblypygi, Charinidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, <\/em>477, 1\u20137.<\/p>

Miranda, G.S. & Giupponi, A.P.L. (2011) A new synonthropic species of Charinus<\/em> Simon, 1892 from Brazilian Amaz\u00f4nia and notes on the genus (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa<\/em>, 2980, 61\u201368.<\/p>

Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & P. Weygoldt (2002) Two new species of Charinus <\/em>Simon 1892 from Brazil with biological notes (Arachnida; Amblypygi; Charinidae). Journal of Natural History<\/em>, London, 36, 107\u2013118.<\/p>

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Quintero, D., Jr (1983) Revision of the amblypygid spiders of Cuba and their relationships with the Caribbean and continental American amblypy-gid fauna. Studies on the Fauna of Cura\u00e7ao and other Caribbean Islands,<\/em> 65, 1\u201354.<\/p>

Teruel, R., Armas, L.F. & Rodr\u00edguez, T.M. (2009) Nuevos datos sobre la distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y ecolog\u00eda de los amblip\u00edgidos de Cuba (Arachnida: Ambypygi). Bolt\u00edn de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Aragonesa<\/em>, 44, 201\u2013211<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2000) Whip spider (Chelicerata: Amblypygi), Their Biology, Morphology and Systematics. Apollo Books, 1\u2013162.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2005) Biogeography, systematic position, and reproduction of Charinus ioanniticus <\/em>(Kritscher, 1959) with the descrip-tion of a new species from Pakistan (Chelicerata, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica<\/em>, 85(1), 1\u201314.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2006) Courtship and sperm transfer in Charinus neocaledonicus<\/em> Kraepelin, 1895 and Charinus australianus<\/em> (L. Koch, 1867) (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger,<\/em> 244, 239\u2013247.<\/p>

Weygoldt, P. (2008) Spermatophores, female genitalia, and courtship behaviour of two whip spider species, Charinus africanus<\/em> and Damon tibialis<\/em> (Chelicerata: Amblypygi). Zoologischer Anzeiger,<\/em> 247, 223\u2013232.<\/p>"}],"container-title":["Zootaxa"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.3158.1.4\/21759","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/download\/zootaxa.3158.1.4\/21759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T03:42:54Z","timestamp":1710733374000},"score":21.11957,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mapress.com\/zt\/article\/view\/zootaxa.3158.1.4"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11646\/zootaxa.3158.1.4","ISSN":["1175-5334","1175-5326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5334","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1175-5326","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:17:24Z","timestamp":1781104644155,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biogeographia \u2013 The Journal of Integrative Biogeography"],"abstract":"

The conditioning variables for the establishment of Amblypygi populations and their ecological interactions are currently poorly studied. Delving deeper into this can help to conserve this group of short-range distribution species, which are useful as a model in biogeographic research. In this study, we evaluated the distribution and overlapping patterns of ecological niche in six species of amblypygids (Phrynus araya, P. panche, P. pulchripes, Heterophrynus batesii, H. boterorum, H. cervinus) in the Andean and Amazonian ecosystems of Colombia, revealing a clear biogeographic segregation driven by environmental gradients: Phrynus species were associated with inter-Andean valleys with high thermal and water seasonality. While the Heterophrynus occupied more stable and humid conditions of foothills and middle elevations. Overlap analyses showed significant divergence (e.g., D=0.105 between P. panche and H. batesii), with high unfilling values (up to 73.2%), indicating limited niche overlap and habitat specialization, although historical coexistence was detected in certain pairs of species (e.g., 99.1% stability between H. cervinus and H. boterorum). In the future, the integration of ecological niche modeling (ENM) with phylogeographic and behavioral approaches will be crucial for identifying niche partitioning mechanisms and optimizing conservation strategies for endemic taxa in complex tropical landscapes.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21426\/b6.61687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:44:24Z","timestamp":1781102664000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining ecological niche for six species of whip spider in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.21426","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Vasquez-Palacios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Andres","family":"Chirivi-Joya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"container-title":["Biogeographia \u2013 The Journal of Integrative Biogeography"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/content\/qt4p02p73c\/qt4p02p73c.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:44:24Z","timestamp":1781102664000},"score":21.055515,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/4p02p73c"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21426\/b6.61687","ISSN":["2475-5257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-5257","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}}],"items-per-page":20,"query":{"start-index":0,"search-terms":"Sarax whip spider&rows=5"}}}