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Thus far, only two species of syringophilid mites have been documented on four species of tinamous. In this study, we present a description of a new species, Tinamiphilopsis temmincki sp. n., which was found on the Tataupa Tinamou (Crypturellus tataupa) in South America. This newly identified species differs from others in the genus due to the short hysteronotal setae d2 in females, unlike the long setae d2 found in females of other Tinamiphilopsis species. In addition to describing the new species, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the primitive syringophilid genera. The results reveal that the Tinamiphilopsis genus does not emerge as a sister group to all other syringophilids. Instead, it is deeply embedded within the radiation of quill mites associated with neognathous birds. This study provided evidence that mites belonging to the genus Tinamiphilopsis initially parasitised Neoavian birds before host switching to tinamous birds. This placement carries significant implications for our understanding of the evolution of quill mites and their relationship with their avian hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:45:42Z","timestamp":1693194342000},"page":"2728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tinamiphilopsis temmincki sp. n., a New Quill Mite Species from Tataupa Tinamou, and the Early History of Syringophilid Mites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7416-3580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Skoracki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego 6, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2678-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Fajfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5626-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hromada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Pre\u0161ov, 08001 Pre\u0161ov, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hu\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of the Czech Republic, V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mest\u00ed 68, 11579 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3395-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bozena","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego 6, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billerman, S.M., Keeney, B.K., Rodewald, P.G., and Schulenberg, T.S. 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