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Currently published by Elsevier Inc; originally published by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T08:56:38Z","timestamp":1761728198047,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We determined whether hemoglobin (Hgb) as the sole source of dietary Fe could sustain normal Fe status in growing rats. Because adequate Cu status is required for efficient Fe absorption in the rat, we also determined the effects of Cu deficiency on Fe status of rats fed Fe as Hgb. One group of 24 rats was fed a diet containing 5.0 mg Cu\/kg (CuA) and another 24 were fed a diet containing &lt;0.5 mg Cu\/kg (CuD). Eight rats in each Cu group were fed 35 mg Fe\/kg as FeSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; another group was fed 35 mg Fe\/kg as bovine Hgb; and a third group was fed 70 mg Fe\/kg as Hgb. After 4 wk, CuD rats were anemic compared with CuA rats. Rats fed Hgb at 35 mg Fe\/kg were anemic, but those fed Hgb at 70 mg Fe\/kg were not. Regardless of the Fe source, Cu was lower (P&lt;0.001) in the mucosa, serum, liver, spleen, and kidney of CuD rats when compared with that in CuA rats. Mucosal Fe and liver Fe were significantly (P&lt;0.001) elevated, but serum (P&lt;0.001) and kidney (P&lt;0.040) Fe were lower in CuD rats, compared with CuA rats. Cu deficiency had no effect on spleen Fe. Feeding Fe as Hgb at 35 mg\/kg lowered (P&lt;0.001) Fe in serum and spleen compared with feeding Fe as FeSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; however, these parameters were normal in rats fed Hgb at 70 mg Fe\/kg. Regardless of the dietary Fe level as Hgb, mucosal and liver Fe were significantly lower than that in rats fed FeSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This study showed that adequate Fe status in the growing rat could not be maintained with Hgb as the sole source of Fe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.21.6.a1115-b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T13:15:16Z","timestamp":1624281316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signs of iron deficiency in copper\u2010deficient and control rats fed bovine hemoglobin as the sole source of iron"],"prefix":"10.1096","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Philip G.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center USDA ARS 2420 2 Ave N Stop 9034 Grand Forks ND 58202\u20109034"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana C.S.","family":"DeMars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center USDA ARS 2420 2 Ave N Stop 9034 Grand Forks ND 58202\u20109034"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"container-title":["The FASEB Journal"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:42:40Z","timestamp":1761702160000},"score":21.149704,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1096\/fasebj.21.6.A1115-b"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1096\/fasebj.21.6.A1115-b"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.21.6.a1115-b","archive":["Portico"],"ISSN":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0892-6638"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-6860"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:17:44Z","timestamp":1648599464900},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1049","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reactions Weekly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.2165\/00128415-200510490-00028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,26]],"date-time":"2006-01-26T05:22:46Z","timestamp":1138252966000},"page":"8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eletriptan\/naratriptan\/sumatriptan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"&NA;","author":[{"family":"&NA;","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","container-title":["Reactions Weekly"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]],"date-time":"2013-03-02T11:23:58Z","timestamp":1362223438000},"score":21.111963,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.2165\/00128415-200510490-00028"}},"subtitle":["Allergy (first report with eletriptan and naratriptan): 2 case reports"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1049"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128415-200510490-00028","ISSN":["0114-9954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0114-9954","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:53:34Z","timestamp":1791881614301,"version":"4.3.4"},"description":"Drug","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Royal Pharmaceutical Society","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"DOI":"10.18578\/bnf.197887312","type":"component","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T08:47:16Z","timestamp":1447404436000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["naratriptan"],"prefix":"10.18578","member":"162","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:28:30Z","timestamp":1791880110000},"score":21.085213,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medicinescomplete.com\/#\/content\/bnf\/_197887312"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18578\/bnf.197887312","relation":{"is-component-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.18578\/BNF.147942626","asserted-by":"object"}]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:26:00Z","timestamp":1715732760372},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"IntechOpen","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781837680719","type":"print"},{"value":"9781837680726","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p>As a trace element, iron is required by all living. Although this crucial metal is required, maintaining its biological equilibrium in an organism is far more important than any other trace element. Excess iron plays a vital role in the generation of harmful oxygen radicals due to its catalysis of one electron redox chemistry. In disorders such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia, this is clearly visible. In vitro experiments were carried out using pure hemoglobin (HbA) exposed to ferric (Fe3+) iron. The addition of Fe3+ (0\u2013250 \u00b5M) caused spectrophotometric alterations in the absorption spectra (500\u2013700 nm) of (40 \u00b5M HbA; pH 7.4). There was no HbA oxidation in the absence of Fe3+. Similarly, unlike hemolysates, the mere addition of Fe3+ to HbA exhibited negligible oxidative consequences. However, the addition of glutathione (GSH) and Fe3+ caused significant oxidation. The iron chelators (DFO desferrioxamine or Deferiprone L1) suppressed Fe3+-mediated HbA oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study have important significance for damage mechanisms in disorders like as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. In addition, our findings suggest that chelating bioreactive iron within aberrant erythrocytes might be a potential therapy strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.109462","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T08:16:21Z","timestamp":1675066581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perspective Chapter: Iron Chelation Inhibits Reduced Glutathione (GSH) as a Prooxidant in Iron-Mediated Hemoglobin Oxidation in Purified Hemoglobin"],"prefix":"10.5772","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3774","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional aspects of essential trace elements in oral health and disease: An extensive review. Scientifica. 2016;2016:e5464373. DOI: 10.1155\/2016\/5464373. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4940574\/","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5464373"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott MD, Eaton JW. Thalassaemic erythrocytes: Cellular suicide arising from iron and glutathione-dependent oxidation reactions? British Journal of Haematology. 1995;91(4):811-819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05394.x"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Mitra A, Muralidharan M, Roy B, Banerjee R, et al. Interaction of p-benzoquinone with hemoglobin in smoker\u2019s blood causes alteration of structure and loss of oxygen binding capacity. Toxicology Reports. 2016;3:295-305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2016.02.001"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuer W, Ermers MJ, Pootrakul P, Abramov A, Hershko C, Cabantchik ZI. Desferrioxamine-chelatable iron, a component of serum non-transferrin-bound iron, used for assessing chelation therapy. Blood. 2001;97(3):792-798","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.3.792"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi NAA, Mustafa I, Jackson JK, Burt HM, Horte SA, Scott MD, et al. In vitro chelating, cytotoxicity, and blood compatibility of degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-based macromolecular iron chelators. Biomaterials. 2009;30(4):638-648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.09.057"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghone RA, Kumbar KM, Suryakar AN, Katkam RV, Joshi NG. Oxidative stress and disturbance in antioxidant balance in beta thalassemia major. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2008;23(4):337-340","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-008-0074-7"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winterbourn CC. Oxidative reactions of hemoglobin. Methods in Enzymology. 1990;186:265-272","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86118-F"},{"key":"ref=8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa I, Hadwan TAQ. Hemoglobin oxidation in stored blood accelerates hemolysis and oxidative injury to red blood cells. Journal of Lab Physicians. 2020;12(4):244-249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721156"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponka P, Sheftel AD. Erythroid iron metabolism. In: Anderson GJ, McLaren GD, editors. Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans. Humana Press; 2012. pp. 191-209. DOI: 10.1007\/978-160327-485-2_10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-485-2_10"},{"key":"ref=10","unstructured":"Luchi Y. Anemia Caused by Oxidative Stress. London, UK: IntechOpen; 18 Nov 2022. 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