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Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013, 48:452-8. 10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2024.284967","article-title":"Oral iron supplementation: new formulations, old questions","volume":"109","author":"Pantopoulos K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pantopoulos K. Oral iron supplementation: new formulations, old questions. Haematologica. 2024, 109:2790-801. 10.3324\/haematol.2024.284967","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2373-3","article-title":"Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights","volume":"107","author":"Girelli D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Girelli D, Ugolini S, Busti F, Marchi G, Castagna A. Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights. Int J Hematol. 2018, 107:16-30. 10.1007\/s12185-017-2373-3","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00412.2005","article-title":"Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism","volume":"290","author":"Ganz T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006, 290:G199-203. 10.1152\/ajpgi.00412.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43054-025-00412-4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of ferric pyrophosphate vs ferrous sulfate in pediatric iron deficiency anemia: a 6-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Kochar IS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kochar IS, Kaur D, Sachdeva M. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of ferric pyrophosphate vs ferrous sulfate in pediatric iron deficiency anemia: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz. 2025, 73:69. 10.1186\/s43054-025-00412-4","journal-title":"Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1215361","article-title":"Microcytic anemia","volume":"371","author":"DeLoughery TG","year":"2014","unstructured":"DeLoughery TG. Microcytic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2014, 371:1324-31. 10.1056\/NEJMra1215361","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2576","article-title":"Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age)","volume":"126","author":"Baker RD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baker RD, Greer FR, Bhatia JJ, et al.. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age). Pediatrics. 2010, 126:1040-50. 10.1542\/peds.2010-2576","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1095","article-title":"Effect of low-dose iron supplementation on early development in breastfed infants: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"178","author":"Svensson L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Svensson L, Chmielewski G, Czyzewska E, et al.. Effect of low-dose iron supplementation on early development in breastfed infants: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2024, 178:649-56. 10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1095","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Dietary reference intakes for Japanese (2020). (2020). Accessed. April 21, 2026: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/10900000\/001150922.pdf."}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/471686-hemoglobin-response-to-a-low-iron-dose-in-infantile-anemia","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:49:04Z","timestamp":1777038544000},"score":27.776615,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/471686-hemoglobin-response-to-a-low-iron-dose-in-infantile-anemia"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.107641","ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T02:46:28Z","timestamp":1781837188242,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Marwah Infotech","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["APALM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"DOI":"10.21276\/apalm.2057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1540014318000},"page":"A770-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Improvement of RBC Indices and Hemoglobin After Oral Versus Iron Therapy in Patients of Iron Deficiency Anemia"],"prefix":"10.21276","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Bargotya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payel","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukul","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8862","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"container-title":["Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":["Comparative Improvement of RBC Indices and Hemoglobin After Oral Versus Iron Therapy in Patients of Iron Deficiency Anemia"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T05:45:25Z","timestamp":1540014325000},"score":27.757774,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.pacificejournals.com\/journal\/index.php\/apalm\/article\/view\/2057"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21276\/apalm.2057","ISSN":["2394-6466","2349-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2394-6466","type":"print"},{"value":"2349-6983","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1789351391515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Badan Analisis dan Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JIMKI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a health problem in children aged 1\u20133 years, which can impair growth and development. Iron supplementation is a therapy that increases hemoglobin levels and improves red blood cell indices through erythropoiesis. This study aims to determine the changes in hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) after iron supplementation in children aged 1\u20143 years. Method: This study used an observational quantitative design with a one-group pre-post design without a control group. The data were obtained from medical records of pediatric patients aged 1\u20133 years with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. The minimum sample size was determined using calculations tailored to the research design, yielding 35. Data were collected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro\u2013Wilk test for normality, followed by a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon test, depending on the data distribution. Results: The results showed an increase in hemoglobin levels and an improvement in the erythrocyte indices after iron supplementation. Statistical tests showed significant differences between before and after therapy with a p-value of &lt; 0.001 in the parameters of hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Most subjects achieved normal hemoglobin levels after therapy. Conclusion: Iron supplementation increases hemoglobin levels and improves erythrocyte indices in children aged 1\u20143 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.53366\/jimki.v13i1.1162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:23:34Z","timestamp":1789349014000},"page":"136-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Indeks Eritrosit Setelah Suplementasi Zat Besi pada Anak dengan Anemia Defisiensi Besi","Improvement of Hemoglobin Levels and Erythrocyte Indices After Iron Supplementation in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia"],"prefix":"10.53366","volume":"13","author":[{"family":"Dwi Luwes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03anrkt33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"31359","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"container-title":["JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jimki.bapin.or.id\/main\/article\/download\/1162\/500","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jimki.bapin.or.id\/main\/article\/download\/1162\/500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:23:35Z","timestamp":1789349015000},"score":27.478653,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jimki.bapin.or.id\/main\/article\/view\/1162"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53366\/jimki.v13i1.1162","ISSN":["2721-1924","2302-6391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2721-1924","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2302-6391","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T22:33:39Z","timestamp":1767134019901,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1966,2,28]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1966.03100090051012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]],"date-time":"2011-11-29T17:12:08Z","timestamp":1322586728000},"page":"717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hemoglobin Regeneration in Severe Iron-Deficiency Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10","container-title":["JAMA"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/658372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T17:49:07Z","timestamp":1481824147000},"score":26.767036,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?doi=10.1001\/jama.1966.03100090051012"}},"subtitle":["Response to Orally and Parenterally Administered Iron Preparations"],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1966,2,28]]},"references-count":0,"aliases":["10.1001\/jama.195.9.717"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1966,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1966.03100090051012","ISSN":["0098-7484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-7484","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[1966,2,28]]}},{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:07:42Z","timestamp":1750219662309,"version":"3.41.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":0,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n        <p><bold>Background:<\/bold>\nObesity and anemia are global epidemics with complex, overlapping pathophysiology. While excess adiposity is known to induce chronic inflammation that disrupts iron homeostasis, multiple population studies paradoxically report higher hemoglobin levels and lower anemia prevalence among obese individuals. The nonlinear and potentially suppressive role of inflammation in this relationship remains understudied.\n<bold>Methods:<\/bold>\nWe analyzed adults aged 18\u201364 from the 2015\u20132023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Hemoglobin was modeled as a function of BMI using survey-weighted linear regression with restricted cubic splines. Interactions with log-transformed CRP were assessed, and ferritin was corrected for inflammation using BRINDA regression-residual methods. Causal mediation analysis decomposed the total effect of BMI on hemoglobin into indirect (mediated by CRP) and direct effects. Secondary models examined anemia (Hb &lt;13.0 g\/dL in men, &lt;12.0 g\/dL in women) using logistic regression.\n<bold>Results:<\/bold>\nHemoglobin increased steeply across lower BMI ranges but plateaued above 30 kg\/m\u00b2 (p-nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). The hemoglobin\u2013BMI curve flattened significantly at higher CRP levels, with strong evidence of interaction (p-interaction &lt; 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that CRP significantly suppressed the BMI\u2013hemoglobin relationship (ACME = \u20130.044 g\/dL, p &lt; 0.001; ADE = 0.216 g\/dL, p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, BRINDA-adjusted ferritin mediated &lt;2% of the association. Logistic models showed that anemia risk declined sharply with increasing BMI but rose consistently with CRP. Anemia mediation analysis revealed suppression as well (ACME &gt; 0; ADE &lt; 0), precluding interpretation of proportion mediated.\n<bold>Conclusions:<\/bold>\nBMI is positively associated with hemoglobin in a non-linear, CRP-dependent fashion. Inflammation significantly suppresses the hematologic benefit of excess adiposity, while inflammation-adjusted ferritin plays a minimal mediating role. These findings underscore the importance of modeling nonlinearity and correcting iron biomarkers for inflammation when studying obesity-related anemia.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6895556\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1750174281000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revisiting the Obesity\u2013Anemia Paradox: Inflammation and Iron Homeostasis in the BMI\u2013Hemoglobin Relationship"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Hemade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6895556\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6895556\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1750174281000},"score":26.707117,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-6895556\/v1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6895556\/v1","published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:29:52Z","timestamp":1706142592220},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Office of Academic Resources, Chulalongkorn University","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<jats:p \/>","DOI":"10.58837\/chula.cmj.59.4.5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1706086869000},"page":"389-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron deficiency anemia masking hemoglobin H disease:A case report"],"prefix":"10.58837","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Somchai","family":"Insiripong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"37481","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"container-title":["Chulalongkorn Medical Journal"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T09:01:15Z","timestamp":1706086875000},"score":26.653866,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/digital.car.chula.ac.th\/clmjournal\/vol59\/iss4\/5"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58837\/chula.cmj.59.4.5","ISSN":["2651-2343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2651-2343","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T09:16:38Z","timestamp":1715591798659},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Marwah Infotech","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["APALM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]},"DOI":"10.21276\/apalm.1126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1495452833000},"page":"A148-A152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Diabetics with Controlled Plasma Glucose Levels"],"prefix":"10.21276","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sundaram","family":"Arunachalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivashekar","family":"Ganapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Ramraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8862","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]},"container-title":["ANNALS OF PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE"],"original-title":["Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Diabetics with Controlled Plasma Glucose Levels"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T11:33:59Z","timestamp":1495452839000},"score":26.352554,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pacificejournals.com\/journal\/index.php\/apalm\/article\/view\/apalm1126"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21276\/apalm.1126","ISSN":["2394-6466","2349-6983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2394-6466","type":"print"},{"value":"2349-6983","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:20:53Z","timestamp":1787509253241,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anemia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report data regarding kinetic of response to oral iron in 34 iron deficiency anemia children. Twenty-four\/34 patients (70.5%) reached reference value of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration for age and sex at day + 30 from the beginning of treatment (complete early responders (CERs)), and 4\/34 (12%) reached an Hb concentration at least 50% higher than the original (partial early responders (PERs)). CHr at T1 (within 7 days from the beginning of treatment) was significantly different in the different groups (22.95 in CERs versus 18.41 in other patients;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ; 22.42 in early responders versus 18.07 in NERs;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). Relative increase of CHr from T0 to T1 resulted significantly higher in CERs than in other patients (0.21 versus 0.11,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.042<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and in early responders than in NERs (0.22 versus 0.004,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.006<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). Multivariate logistic models revealed a higher probability of being a complete early responder due to relative increase of ARC from T0 to T1 [OR (95% CI) = 44.95 (1.54\u20131311.98)] and to CHr at T1 [OR (95% CI) =3.18 (1.24\u20138.17)]. Our preliminary data confirm CHr as early and accurate predictor of hematological response to oral iron.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7345835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T17:01:20Z","timestamp":1458666080000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Absolute Reticulocyte Count and Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content as Predictors of Early Response to Exclusive Oral Iron in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Parodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Giraudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics \u201cG. Peano\u201d, University of Turin, Via Carlo Alberto 10, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Ricceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luigia","family":"Aurucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaela","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory, Citt\u00e0 della Scienza e della Salute Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Ramenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.10.004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.23.2225"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.8.924"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0097-0"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21090"},{"issue":"10","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.10.3100.3100","volume":"83","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"7","first-page":"329","volume":"37","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Annals"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006465"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mph.0b013e3182588996"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1457-5"}],"container-title":["Anemia"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2016\/7345835.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2016\/7345835.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2016\/7345835.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1600346876000},"score":26.292257,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2016\/7345835\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["7345835","7345835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7345835","ISSN":["2090-1267","2090-1275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1267","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1275","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T02:40:08Z","timestamp":1679712008031},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"PDS Patklin","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523750400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Absolute Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is one of the complications in the End State Renal Disease (ESRD) patients undergoingmaintenance hemodalysis, with an incidence of 76.4%. If this condition is not properly addressed, it can lead to impaired cardiac functionand increased mortality. The incidence of this case is between 30\u00e2\u02c6\u201945%. The determination of the iron status in ESRD patients wqs setby the Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia 2011 using serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, but they do not provide a meaningfulchange in the value of the initial state of the iron deficiency. This condition should be examined with other parameters combination aswell as those influenced by diurnal variation and infection-inflammation condition. Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) parameter canbe used as a marker of bone marrow iron availability because these reticulocytes are young erythrocytes released from the bone marrowinto the circulation. These conditions were circulated only within a short time about 1-2 days before becoming mature erythrocytes. Theaim of this study was to determine the Ret-He level diferentiation between absolute IDA and non absolute IDA states in ESRD patientswhom underwent maintenance hemodialysis. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology-RSHS-Bandung fromSeptember 2012 to June 2013. The study design was cross-sectional. All subjects were ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis maintenancefor at least three (3) months and consisted of absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA based on the results of the ferritin and transferrinsaturation calculations according to the criteria of Pernefri 2011 Reticulocyte hemoglobin levels were checked using a fluorescenceflowcitometry principle in the automated hematology analyzer. In this study it was found that the Ret-He mean in the absolute IDA was26.1 pg\/cell and 35.9 pg\/cell in non absolute IDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent T-test. A total of 61 undergoingmaintenance hemodialysis subjects participating in this study comprised patients with absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA who met theinclusion and exclusion criteria. It can be concluded that the Ret-He level in statistical analysis showed absolute IDA which was meaningfullower than nonabsolute IDA in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.24293\/ijcpml.v21i1.1256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T19:10:27Z","timestamp":1539544227000},"page":"32-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["KADAR HEMOGLOBIN RETIKULOSIT DI ANEMIA DAN NONANEMIA AKIBAT DEFISIENSI BESI ABSOLUT DI GAGAL GINJAL TERMINAL TERKAIT HEMODIALISIS (Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Level of Absolute Iron Deficiency Anemia and NonAbsolute Iron Deficiency Anemia In End State Renal Disease Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis)"],"prefix":"10.24293","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amelia","family":"Rachmiwatie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noormartany","family":"Noormartany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubin Surachno","family":"Gondodiputro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delita","family":"Prihatni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"container-title":["INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY"],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.indonesianjournalofclinicalpathology.org\/index.php\/patologi\/article\/download\/1256\/976","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.indonesianjournalofclinicalpathology.org\/index.php\/patologi\/article\/download\/1256\/976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T02:11:18Z","timestamp":1679710278000},"score":26.093233,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.indonesianjournalofclinicalpathology.org\/index.php\/patologi\/article\/view\/1256"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24293\/ijcpml.v21i1.1256","ISSN":["2477-4685","0854-4263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2477-4685","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0854-4263","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T17:44:20Z","timestamp":1774547060275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hemoglobin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/03630260600642450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T19:20:49Z","timestamp":1151090449000},"page":"183-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Iron Mobilization From Transferrin And Non-Transferrin-Bound-Iron by Deferiprone. Implications in the Treatment of Thalassemia, Anemia of Chronic Disease, Cancer and Other Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"George J.","family":"Kontoghiorghes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326080-00003","volume":"26","author":"Kontoghiorghes GJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"23","key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774462969","volume":"12","author":"Sargent PJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41699-2","volume":"250","author":"Schlabach MR","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Biol 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Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anemia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity for reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) compared to other hematimetric and biochemical iron parameters, in particular, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), when screening for iron deficiency in elderly anemic patients. Bone marrow staining negative for iron was used as the gold standard criterion for iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Sensitivity and specificity for CHr, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), soluble transferrin receptor\/log ferritin (TfR-F index), ferritin, MCH, and transferrin saturation were determined. The best cut-off point for CHr was 30.5\u2009pg corresponding to a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 69% for IDA, respectively. For MCH, a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 86%, respectively, correspond to an optimal cut-off of 28.5\u2009pg. Analysis of CHr was not superior to MCH with respect to sensitivity and specificity when screening for IDA in elderly anemic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/925907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T19:00:45Z","timestamp":1311793245000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of the Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content Assay When Screening for Iron Deficiency in Elderly Anemic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","first-page":"120","volume":"101","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90001-V"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62730-8","volume":"8","year":"1959","journal-title":"International Review of Cytology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.23.2225"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1489"},{"issue":"1","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.323","volume":"52","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"6","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(97)90104-9","volume":"30","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00812.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.5.774","volume":"40","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.3.1052","volume":"89","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.7.1066","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.7.1118","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.8.924"}],"container-title":["Anemia"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2011\/925907.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2011\/925907.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2011\/925907.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T20:02:54Z","timestamp":1592769774000},"score":26.002392,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/anemia\/2011\/925907\/"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["925907","925907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/925907","ISSN":["2090-1267","2090-1275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1267","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1275","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},{"institution":[{"name":"Research Square"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:50:11Z","timestamp":1782118211453,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"group-title":"In Review","reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"abstract":"<title>Abstract<\/title>\n                <p>Background\n Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with altered immune function and may influence susceptibility to infectious diseases in women. However, the relationship between anemia severity, hematologic recovery after iron replacement therapy, and infection-related outcomes in female patients with IDA remains incompletely understood. To investigate the association between hemoglobin levels, anemia severity, infection-related outcomes, and inflammatory burden during one-year follow-up in women with IDA receiving iron replacement therapy.\nMethods\n This retrospective observational study included women diagnosed with IDA who received first-time iron replacement therapy between September 1, 2021, and January 1, 2025. Infection-related outcomes during one-year follow-up included upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and vaginitis. Baseline and maximum follow-up hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed. Patients were categorized according to World Health Organization anemia severity criteria.\nResults\n A total of 1,260 female patients were included, comprising 453 anemic patients (36.0%) and 807 non-anemic group (64.0%). During follow-up, at least one infection episode occurred in 64.0% of patients. Overall infection frequency was significantly higher in the non-anemic group compared with the anemic group (67.0% vs. 58.5%, p\u2009=\u20090.002). Urinary tract infection was also more common in the non-anemic group (56.0% vs. 46.8%, p\u2009=\u20090.001). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, vaginitis, or maximum CRP levels. Anemia severity was not significantly associated with overall infection presence or infection-specific outcomes. Patients with at least one infection episode demonstrated slightly higher hemoglobin levels compared with those without infection (12.29\u2009\u00b1\u20091.36 vs. 11.99\u2009\u00b1\u20091.60, p\u2009=\u20090.009). Similarly, patients with lower respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection had modestly higher hemoglobin levels.\nConclusions\n In this real-world cohort of women receiving iron replacement therapy, infection-related outcomes were not associated with greater anemia severity. Unexpectedly, higher hemoglobin levels and non-anemic status were associated with higher frequencies of overall infection and urinary tract infection. These findings highlight the complex relationship between iron metabolism, hematologic recovery, and infection susceptibility in women with treated IDA.<\/p>","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9703861\/v1","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:20:42Z","timestamp":1781245242000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Hemoglobin Levels and Infection Outcomes During One-Year Follow- up in Women With Iron Deficiency Anemia"],"prefix":"10.21203","author":[{"given":"Nagihan","family":"Akka\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli Health and Technology University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0452","article-title":"Iron deficiency in adults: a review","volume":"333","author":"Auerbach M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Auerbach M, DeLoughery TG, Tirnauer JS. Iron deficiency in adults: a review. JAMA. 2025;333(20):1813\u201323. 10.1001\/jama.2025.0452.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13004","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia revisited","volume":"287","author":"Cappellini MD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cappellini MD, Musallam KM, Taher AT. Iron deficiency anaemia revisited. J Intern Med. 2020;287(2):153\u201370. 10.1111\/joim.13004.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2024.101227","article-title":"Absolute and functional iron deficiency: biomarkers, impact on immune system, and therapy","volume":"68","author":"Iriarte-Gahete M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iriarte-Gahete M, Tarancon-Diez L, Garrido-Rodr\u00edguez V, Leal M, Pacheco YM. Absolute and functional iron deficiency: biomarkers, impact on immune system, and therapy. Blood Rev. 2024;68:101227. 10.1016\/j.blre.2024.101227.","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032816","article-title":"Hepcidin and iron in health and disease","volume":"74","author":"Nemeth E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Ganz T. Hepcidin and iron in health and disease. Annu Rev Med. 2023;74:261\u201377. 10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032816.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100864","article-title":"Iron in infection and immunity","volume":"75","author":"Nairz M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nairz M, Weiss G. Iron in infection and immunity. Mol Aspects Med. 2020;75:100864. 10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100864.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011817","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011817.pub2","article-title":"Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload","volume":"5","author":"Garcia-Casal MN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Casal MN, Pasricha S, Martinez RX, Lopez-Perez L, Pe\u00f1a-Rosas JP. Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;5(5):CD011817. 10.1002\/14651858.CD011817.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","first-page":"538","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia: evaluation and management","volume":"112","author":"Latimer K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Latimer K, Baci G, Layne M. Iron deficiency anemia: evaluation and management. 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The role of hepcidin in iron sequestration during infections and in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002;4(11):1043\u20135.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-856500","article-title":"Anemia of inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Weiss G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiss G, Ganz T, Goodnough LT. Anemia of inflammation. Blood. 2019;133(1):40\u201350. 10.1182\/blood-2018-06-856500.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav9020","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav9020","article-title":"Respiratory infections drive hepcidin-mediated blockade of iron absorption leading to iron deficiency anemia in African children","volume":"5","author":"Prentice AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prentice AM, Bah A, Jallow MW, Jallow AT, Sanyang S, Sise EA, et al. Respiratory infections drive hepcidin-mediated blockade of iron absorption leading to iron deficiency anemia in African children. Sci Adv. 2019;5(3):eaav9020. 10.1126\/sciadv.aav9020.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.09.005","article-title":"Anemia of inflammation: a review","volume":"101","author":"Fraenkel PG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fraenkel PG. Anemia of inflammation: a review. Med Clin North Am. 2017;101(2):285\u201396. 10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.09.005.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"}],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-9703861\/v1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-9703861\/v1.html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:19:07Z","timestamp":1782116347000},"score":25.874538,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-9703861\/v1"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9703861\/v1","published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"subtype":"preprint"},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T10:33:44Z","timestamp":1711967624692},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T08:05:33Z","timestamp":1638605133000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Iron Deficiency Anemia With a Life-Threatening Low Hemoglobin Level"],"prefix":"10.7759","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman M","family":"Alateeq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hessa A","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik M","family":"Alsaif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-08-18-4664","article-title":"Anaemia in pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Frayne J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frayne J, Pinchon D. Anaemia in pregnancy. Aust J Gen Pract. 2019, 48:125-9. 10.31128\/AJGP-08-18-4664","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"WHO. Global anaemia prevalence and number of individuals affected. (2008). Accessed: November 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.who.int\/vmnis\/anaemia\/prevalence\/summary\/anaemia_data_status_t2\/en\/."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"UpToDate. Causes and diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in adults. (2021). Accessed: November 15, 2021: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/causes-and-diagnosis-of-iron-deficiency-and-iron-deficiency-anemia-in-adults."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.636916","article-title":"The management of iron deficiency in menometrorrhagia","volume":"27 Suppl 1","author":"Palacios S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palacios S. The management of iron deficiency in menometrorrhagia. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011, 27 Suppl 1:1126-30. 10.3109\/09513590.2012.636916","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.8","article-title":"Iron deficiency: new insights into diagnosis and treatment","volume":"2015","author":"Camaschella C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Camaschella C. Iron deficiency: new insights into diagnosis and treatment. Hemato Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015, 2015:8-13. 10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.8","journal-title":"Hemato Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.JMH_121_17","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia with menorrhagia: ferric carboxymaltose a safer alternative to blood transfusion","volume":"9","author":"Mishra V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mishra V, Verneker R, Gandhi K, Choudhary S, Lamba S. Iron deficiency anemia with menorrhagia: ferric carboxymaltose a safer alternative to blood transfusion. J Midlife Health. 2018, 9:92-6. 10.4103\/jmh.JMH_121_17","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03622-9","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"357","author":"Stewart EA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stewart EA. Uterine fibroids. Lancet. 2001, 357:293-298. 10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03622-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99","article-title":"High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence","volume":"188","author":"Baird DD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003, 188:100-7. 10.1067\/mob.2003.99","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S105955","article-title":"Intramural myomas: to treat or not to treat","volume":"8","author":"Thompson MJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson MJ, Carr BR. Intramural myomas: to treat or not to treat. Int J Womens Health. 2016, 8:145-9. 10.2147\/IJWH.S105955","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.791","article-title":"A 41-year-old woman with menorrhagia, anemia, and fibroids: review of treatment of uterine fibroids","volume":"301","author":"Van Voorhis B","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Voorhis B. A 41-year-old woman with menorrhagia, anemia, and fibroids: review of treatment of uterine fibroids. JAMA. 2009, 301:82-93. 10.1001\/jama.2008.791","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.017","article-title":"The impact of uterine leiomyomas: a national survey of affected women","volume":"209","author":"Borah BJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borah BJ, Nicholson WK, Bradley L, Stewart EA. The impact of uterine leiomyomas: a national survey of affected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013, 209:319.e1-319.e20. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.07.017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027970","article-title":"Pathophysiology of anaemia: focus on the heart and blood vessels","volume":"15","author":"Metivier F","year":"2000","unstructured":"Metivier F, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Pannier B, London GM. Pathophysiology of anaemia: focus on the heart and blood vessels. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000, 15:14-8. 10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027970","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"An extremely low hemoglobin level due to menorrhagia and iron deficiency anemia in a patient with mental retardation","volume":"20","author":"Can \u00c7","year":"2013","unstructured":"Can \u00c7, Gulacti U, Kurtoglu E. An extremely low hemoglobin level due to menorrhagia and iron deficiency anemia in a patient with mental retardation. Int Medical J. 2013, 20:735-736.","journal-title":"Int Medical J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-03024-9","article-title":"Critical iron deficiency anemia with record low hemoglobin: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Chai AL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chai AL, Huang OY, Rako\u010devi\u0107 R, Chung P. Critical iron deficiency anemia with record low hemoglobin: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021, 15:472. 10.1186\/s13256-021-03024-9","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.E0505","article-title":"Very severe iron-deficiency anemia in a patient with celiac disease and bulimia nervosa: a case report","volume":"82","author":"Jost PJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jost PJ, Stengel SM, Huber W, Sarbia M, Peschel C, Duyster J. Very severe iron-deficiency anemia in a patient with celiac disease and bulimia nervosa: a case report. Int J Hematol. 2005, 82:310-1. 10.1532\/IJH97.E0505","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"}],"container-title":["Cureus"],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/78808-iron-deficiency-anemia-with-a-life-threatening-low-hemoglobin-level","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:32:17Z","timestamp":1707507137000},"score":25.874142,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/78808-iron-deficiency-anemia-with-a-life-threatening-low-hemoglobin-level"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.20150","ISSN":["2168-8184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-8184","type":"print"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T22:59:19Z","timestamp":1722985159226},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Valley International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jmscr"],"DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v3i8.60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T05:02:51Z","timestamp":1440565371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burden of Anemia and Hemoglobin Response to Iron Therapy in Adolescent Girls of State of Chhattisgarh"],"prefix":"10.18535","author":[{"name":"Department of Obs & Gyne, Pt.J.N.M .Medical Collage, Raipur, Chhattisgarh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dr Abha","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dr Avinashi","family":"Kujur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dr Nalini","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7803","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"container-title":["Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research"],"original-title":["Burden of Anemia and Hemoglobin Response to Iron Therapy in Adolescent Girls of State of Chhattisgarh"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T05:02:53Z","timestamp":1440565373000},"score":25.597618,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jmscr.igmpublication.org\/home\/index.php\/archive\/205-burden-of-anemia-and-hemoglobin-response-to-iron-therapy-in-adolescent-girls-of-state-of-chhattisgarh#1-abstract"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18535\/jmscr\/v3i8.60","ISSN":["2347-176X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2347-176X"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:55:12Z","timestamp":1765565712433,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Wide Journals","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Iron de\uf001ciency anaemia is a globally prevalent disease, majorly affecting children and\nwomen of childbearing age. American Diabetes Association has now accepted HbA1c as the diagnostic\ntool for detecting diabetes. HbA1c is found to be elevated in several conditions, including iron de\uf001ciency anemia. Hence,\n\uf001nding the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and iron de\uf001ciency anemia is important. The study aimed to investigate\nthe effect of iron de\uf001ciency anaemia on glycated haemoglobin levels in non-diabetic individuals. Methods: This prospective\nobservational study was conducted among 93 non-diabetic subjects with iron de\uf001ciency anaemia. All subjects who attended\nthe Outpatient (OPD) and in-patient department (IPD) at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute,\nPondicherry, were included in the study. Iron supplementation was administered for three months in those with elevated HbA1c\nlevels and iron de\uf001ciency anemia. The correlation between HbA1c and iron studies was observed after three months. Results:\nAmong 93 patients, the majority of the patients (60) belonged to &gt;60 years of age (47.31%). Forty-eight patients were male\n(51.61%), and 45 were female (48.39%). The clinical pro\uf001le gathered from this geographical territory implied an increase in\nglycated haemoglobin was observed in non-diabetic, iron de\uf001ciency individuals. On administering iron supplementation for\nthree months, it was observed that there was a signi\uf001cant reduction in HbA1c levels with an increase in serum ferritin and\nhaemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Patients with elevated levels of HbA1c and co-existing iron de\uf001ciency anemia should not be\ndiagnosed as diabetes, unless the anemia has been corrected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.36106\/gjra\/3000252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T02:28:12Z","timestamp":1740536892000},"page":"5-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EFFECT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ON GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IN NONDIABETIC \n INDIVIDUALS"],"prefix":"10.36106","author":[{"given":"Roohi","family":"Nanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Resident, Department Of General Medicine, MGMCRI, Puducherry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tumbanatham","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department Of General Medicine, MGMCRI, Puducherry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"21849","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"container-title":["GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS"],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:11:18Z","timestamp":1765563078000},"score":25.425102,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldwidejournals.com\/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA\/file.php?val=effect-of-iron-deficiency-anemia-on-glycated-hemoglobin-in-nondiabetic-individuals_February_2025_2124044074_3000252.pdf"}},"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36106\/gjra\/3000252","published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]}},{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:48:03Z","timestamp":1740098883584,"version":"3.37.3"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"group-title":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","reference-count":1,"publisher":"JMIR Publications Inc.","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"abstract":"<sec>\n                    <title>BACKGROUND<\/title>\n                        <p>An iron infusion pathway using Ferrinject (ferric carboxymaltose) was implemented at Southend University Hospital for preoperative surgical patients with iron deficiency anemia undergoing major surgery. This was based on a treatment algorithm proposed by Munting and colleagues according to the international consensus statement on perioperative management of anemia and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. These guidelines state that intravenous iron is indicated when oral iron is poorly tolerated or ineffective, there is insufficient time to surgery, or due to a functional iron deficiency.<\/p>\n                <\/sec>\n                                <sec>\n                    <title>OBJECTIVE<\/title>\n                        <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in adult hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g\/L) after Ferrinject infusion at the time of surgery.<\/p>\n                <\/sec>\n                                <sec>\n                    <title>METHODS<\/title>\n                        <p>Data were retrospectively collected on all surgical patients that received an iron infusion preoperatively for iron deficiency anemia from July 2019 to April 2020. Nonsurgical, obstetric, and pediatric patients, and those without a postinfusion Hb level measurement were excluded. Data collected included the Hb, ferritin, and transferrin levels pre and postinfusion; correct dose of intravenous iron received; and any adverse reactions noted.<\/p>\n                <\/sec>\n                                <sec>\n                    <title>RESULTS<\/title>\n                        <p>Thirty-two surgical patients with iron deficiency anemia received intravenous iron between July 2019 and April 2020 prior to surgery. The average pre and post iron infusion Hb concentration across the cohort was 97 g\/L and 114 g\/L, respectively (18% increase; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;=.001). Two (6%) patients had a posttransfusion Hb level \u2265130 g\/L prior to surgery after infusion. Nine patients had both a pre and postinfusion ferritin level recorded, which showed an increase from 12 ng\/mL preinfusion to 94 ng\/mL postinfusion (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;=.02). Twenty-three (72%) patients did not receive the full dose of intravenous iron based on their Hb level and weight. Twenty-four (75%) patients received an iron infusion &amp;gt;2 weeks prior to surgery and the other 8 (25%) patients received the infusion &amp;lt;2 weeks before their surgery. There was an average increase in Hb of 22% (21 g\/L, 95% CI 13-28) and 5% (5 g\/L, 95% CI 1-10), respectively, across the two groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;=.03). There were no documented adverse reactions to intravenous iron.<\/p>\n                <\/sec>\n                                <sec>\n                    <title>CONCLUSIONS<\/title>\n                        <p>Intravenous iron is an effective intervention to improve the Hb concentration in patients with iron deficiency anemia despite the majority of patients not receiving the full dose based on their baseline Hb level and weight. Increasing the interval time between infusion and surgery was associated with a greater increase in Hb, with only a minimal increase observed if given less than 2 weeks prior to surgery.<\/p>\n                <\/sec>","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.31082","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1623445892000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Intravenous Iron Infusion on Preoperative Hemoglobin Concentration in Iron Deficiency Anemia: Retrospective Observational Study 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